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“Despite the appearance of economics or cultural concerns being the major cause of
European imperialism in the 19th and early 20th centuries, it was in fact due to military
reasons.”
 Assess the validity of the above statement using your knowledge of imperialism
as well as the documents on the subsequent pages.
Document A

Henry Stanley, from a calendar in 1892
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Document B
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Document C
Take up the White Man's burden-Send forth the best ye breed-Go, bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives' need;
To wait, in heavy harness,
On fluttered folk and wild-Your new-caught sullen peoples,
Half devil and half child.

Rudyard Kipling McClure's Magazine 12 (Feb. 1899)
Document D
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Document E
“In order to save the 40,000,000 inhabitants of the United Kingdom from a bloody civil war, we
colonial statesmen must acquire new lands to settle the surplus population, to provide new
markets for the goods produced by them in the factories and mines. The Empire…is a bread and
butter question. If you want to avoid civil war, you must become imperialist.”

Cecil Rhodes, South African Statesman and Apostle of Imperialism, 1895
Document F
“At this time, as you know, a warship cannot carry more than fourteen days worth of coal, no
matter how perfectly it is organized, and a ship which is out of coal is a derelict on the surface of
the sea, abandoned to the first person who comes along. Thus the necessity of having on the
oceans provisions stations, shelters, ports for defense…. And it is for this that we need Tunisia,
for this that we needed Saigon, and the Mekong Delta, for this that we need Madagascar…and
will never leave them.”

Jules Ferry, French Imperialist, speech to the French National Assembly, 1883
Document G
“Everyone will admit…the value of that commerce which penetrates to every part of the globe;
and many of these colonies give harbours and security to that trade, which are most useful in the
times of peace, but are absolutely necessary in time of war.”

Lord John Russell, British Prime Minister, 1850
Document H
“An Empire such as ours requires as its first condition an Imperial Race – a race vigorous and
industrious and intrepid. Heath of the mind and body exalt a nation in the competition of the
universe. The survival of the fittest is an absolute truth in the conditions of the modern world.”
Lord Roseberry, former British Prime Minister, The Times, 1900
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Document I
The Granger Collection.
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Document J
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