Becoming a World Power Review
Terms:
1.
Imperialism – Under this policy stronger nations attempt to create empires by dominating weaker nations.
2.
Nationalism – devotion to one’s country
3.
Annex – addition of new territory to an existing country
4.
Arbitration – settlement of a dispute by a person chosen to listen to both sides
5.
Jingoism – National pride combined with a desire for an aggressive foreign policy
6.
Concession – a grant of land in exchange for a promise to use it for a specific purpose
7.
Dollar diplomacy – President Taft’s policy for advancing the U.S. economy, using financial power to increase international influence
8.
Compulsory – required
9.
Militarism – a strong military helped imperial powers protect their global interests
Identification:
10.
Panama Canal importance, opponents: linked the Pacific and Atlantic ocean, made trade and travel faster, reduced the trip by 8,000 nautical miles, William Hearst was the main opponent
11.
Connections to American Frontier – Imperialism offered Americans a new frontier, due to Manifest
Destiny we believed we had the right to own these other lands, superintendent of the census announced the closing of the Frontier resulted in an urge to look outside our border
12.
Foreign Markets - followed policy of expansionism in the late 1800s because the nation sought more markets for its goods, allowed us to trade with China and Japan; wanted overseas territories to gain customers who would buy U.S. products
13.
Anti-imperialist views – rejection of “liberty for all” which the U.S. was founded on, result in possible compulsory military service, should focus on internal affairs, too expensive
14.
Imperialist views – we needed the markets to sell our goods, duty to spread our superior culture and government to others, we needed bases to supply our navy
15.
Open Door Policy – gave countries equal access to trading rights in China, gave the United States access to millions of consumers in China; unlike Britain, France, and Russia the US wanted to keep trade in China open
16.
Monroe Doctrine reaffirmed – The United States insisted that Great Britain submit a boundary dispute with Venezuela to arbitration which demonstrated the enforcement of the Monroe Doctrine
17.
Spanish American War causes, main goal, results - 1898, Cubans rebelled against Spanish rule leading to the war which occurred in Cuba, the main goal was to free Cuba from Spanish rule, results included Cuba being freed and the United States wins, Puerto Rico and Guam were made unincorporated U.S. territories
18.
Roosevelt Corollary – the central message was that the United States would use force to prevent intervention in the affairs of neighboring countries
19.
President Taft’s Foreign Policy – see “dollar diplomacy”, using dollars instead of bullets
20.
Yellow Journalism – Sensational headliners, exaggerated stories used to sway public opinion
21.
U.S.S. Maine – ship sent to Havana Harbor; exploded, killing 260 American soldiers; the incident was blamed on the Spanish; helped inarticulate Spanish-American War
22.
Rough Riders – volunteer cavalry during the Spanish American War; the most famous group of
Americans who fought in the Spanish American War
23.
San Juan Hill – Battle outside Santiago, Cuba; American victory, Spanish soon surrendered
24.
Platt Amendment – Amendment to Cuba’s Constitution, allowed the U.S. to intervene in Cuban affairs; gave the US the right to preserve order as needed in Cuba

25.
Teller Amendment – stated that the US could not annex Cuba
People:
26.
Theodore Roosevelt – 26 th President, often remembered for expanding Presidential Power, led the
“rough riders” up San Juan Hill, said the U.S. should “speak softly and carry a big stick”…he meant the U.S. Navy, won the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize negotiating an end to the war between Russia and
Japan
27.
William R. Hearst – Newspaper owner, told the artist Frederic Remington, “You furnish the pictures and I’ll furnish the war”, used his newspaper to increase public sympathy for Cuban rebels, used
Yellow Journalistic technique
28.
Joseph Pulitzer – newspaper owner, used his newspaper to increase public sympathy for Cuban rebels, Pulitzer prize, publisher of New York World, used Yellow Journalistic techniques
29.
Alfred T. Mahan – argued that to protect its trade, the United States must build up its Navy
30.
Matthew Perry – United States Navy Commodore that negotiated a treaty that opened trade to
Japan
31.
Emilio Aguinaldo – was a Filipino freedom fighter
Other Topics to Consider:
32.
Boxer Rebellion – occurred in China, upset with foreign intervention in their country, glorious and harmonious fisks
33.
Factors that helped stimulate U.S. Imperialism a.
Thirst for new economic markets b.
Desire for military strength c.
A belief in the cultural superiority of the Anglo – Saxon cultural
34.
De Lome Letter – included criticisms of President McKinley during the Spanish American War
35.
General Valeriano Weyler – “the butcher”, this Spanish general forced Cubans to relocate to concentration camps, where thousands of them died
36.
Sphere of influence – an area outside a nation’s borders where it exercises economic and political control
37.
Puerto Rico – residents became citizens of the United States in 1917; became a US territory through the 1898 Treaty of Paris
38.
Hawaii – was annexed in 1898, marines took by force during the Spanish American War
39.
San Juan Hill – site of the most famous incident…charge by the rough riders
40.
George Dewey – admiral that led the attack on Spanish ships in the Manila Bay in the Philippines;
Manila Bay was ruled by Spain, and the ships belonged to the Spanish
41.
Panama – Roosevelt’s opponents disapproved of his actions in Panama because of this involvement in the Panamanian revolt, the United States acquired control of the Canal Zone by organizing a revolt in Panama to gain their independence from Columbia, the building of the canal was important because it facilitated movement between the Atlantic and Pacific ports
42.
Philippines – Were granted their independence from the United States in 1946 when the islands were liberated from the Japanese during WWII; the US paid $20 million to gain full control through the Treaty of Paris 1898
43.
Extractive Economy – based on mining or producing raw materials to be used in foreign industries
44.
Alaska – Journalists called this purchase of 1867 “Seward’s Folly” because they wondered why we would want a vast tundra of snow and ice far from the continental borders
45.
Social Darwinism – is the theory that states life consists of competitive struggles in which only the strong survive