Metabolism and Enzyme
1.
What term is used to describe a cellular reaction in which large molecules are broken down to
smaller ones?
2.
Give an example of a catabolic reaction
3.
What is metabolism?
4.
A catabolic reaction in an animal. E.g. …
5.
An anabolic reaction in a plant. E.g. …
6.
Is energy release a feature of anabolic or catabolic reactions?
7.
To which group of molecules do enzymes belong?
8.
Name an enzyme and matching substrate
9.
What is an enzyme?
10. Name an enzyme that is involved in the digestion of fat
11. True or false. Immobilised enzymes can act as catalysts
12. What is a bioreactor?
13. State one advantage of using an immobilised enzyme in a bioreactor.
14. What is an enzyme?
15. What term best describes the shape of an enzyme?
16. Suggest a temperature at which human enzymes work best.
17. In the case of cold alcohol (ethanol) state the following:
1. An investigation in which you used it,
2. The precise purpose for its use in the investigation that you have indicated.
18. 1. What is an amylase?
2. Name a site of amylase action.
3. What is the approximate pH value at this site?
4. What is meant by an enzyme?
19. What is meant by immobilisation?
20. Name a substance that is used to immobilise enzymes.
21. Give two advantages of using immobilised enzymes.
22. Give one application of a named immobilised enzyme. In your answer, refer to substrate,
enzyme and product.
23. Is an enzyme a lipid, a protein or a carbohydrate?
24. Where in a cell are enzymes produced?
25. Name an enzyme that turns fats to fatty acids and glycerol.
26. What is meant by an enzyme’s optimum pH?
27. What is a denatured enzyme?
28. Answer the following in relation to a lipase:
1. Where is it secreted?
2. Where does it act?
3. What is the approximate pH at its site of action?
29. Amylase is an enzyme that is found in saliva. State the substrate and the product of this
enzyme.
30. What is a denatured enzyme?
31. 1. Name a carbohydrate-digesting enzyme in the human alimentary canal.
2. Where in the alimentary canal does this enzyme act?
3. State the enzyme’s product(s).
32. Name an anabolic process carried out by plants.
33. To which group of biomolecules do enzymes belong?
34. Name a factor that influences the activity of an enzyme.
35. To what group of biomolecules do enzymes belong?
36. Name the small molecules which are the building blocks for these biomolecules.
37. The action of the enzyme amylase on its substrate starch is an example of a catabolic reaction.
Explain each of the underlined terms.
38. What is meant by immobilisation of an enzyme?
39. Describe how you immobilised an enzyme in the course of your practical work.
40. Give one advantage of bioprocessing using an immobilised enzyme.
41. Suggest one reason why enzymes are not found in body soap or shampoo.
42. What is meant by metabolism?
43. What is an enzyme?
44. What is meant by the specificity of an enzyme?
45. Explain how the Active Site Theory may be used to explain the specificity of enzymes.
46. Bioprocessing often involves the use of immobilised enzymes in a bioreactor.
1. What does the term immobilisation refer to when used about enzymes?
2. Explain the term bioreactor.
47. Give one example of the use of immobilised enzymes in bioreactors.
enzyme, the substrate and the product.
48. Give an example of a catabolic reaction in a cell.
49. For what purpose in an experiment did you use buffer solution?
In your answer name the
50. What is an enzyme?
51. Name any one enzyme, and its substrate, and its product.
52. The rate of activity of enzymes can be affected by various factors. Name any two factors that
can affect enzyme activity.
53. Enzymes are sometimes immobilised in industrial processes. What is meant by the term
immobilised in relation to enzymes?
54. Give one advantage of using immobilised enzymes.
55. For what purpose in an experiment did you use sodium alginate?
56. State a use for buffer solution in the biology laboratory:
57. State two different uses of a water bath in biological investigations.
58. What is meant by the term metabolism?
59. “Enzymes are essential for metabolism”. Explain why this statement is true.
60. In each of the following cases state whether the process is anabolic or catabolic.
1. Protein synthesis.
2. Conversion of ADP to ATP.
3. Reactions in which product molecules are larger than substrate molecules.
61. State one way by which an enzyme may be denatured.
62. Give two features of a denatured enzyme.
63. Apart from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, there is one other element always present in the
building blocks of enzymes. Name that element.
64. Answer the following in relation to enzymes. (i) What is their chemical nature? (ii) Comment
upon their molecular shape.
65. Answer the following in relation to an investigation that you carried out into the effect of
temperature on the rate of enzyme action.
(i)
Name the enzyme that you used.
(ii)
Name the substrate of this enzyme.
(iii)
Why was it necessary to keep the pH constant in the course of the investigation?
(iv)
How did you keep the pH constant?
(v)
How did you vary the temperature in the course of the investigation?
(vi)
How did you know that the enzyme was working?
66. What term is used to describe all the chemical reactions in the human body?
67. True or False.
Sodium alginate is used to immobilise enzymes.
68. What is an enzyme?
69. On what structures in the cytoplasm are enzymes made?
70. Answer the following questions in relation to an investigation that you carried out into the
effect of temperature on the rate of activity of an enzyme.
(i)
What enzyme did you use?
(ii)
What substrate did you use?
(iii)
How did you vary the temperature during the investigation
(iv)
How did you measure the rate of enzyme activity?
(v)
During this investigation pH was kept constant. How did you keep the pH constant?
(vi)
What was the result of your investigation?
71. What term is used for the substance(s) that result(s) from the action of an enzyme on its
substrate?
72. In relation to an enzyme, explain the term optimum activity.
73. Answer the following in relation to an activity that you carried out to investigate the effect of
heat denaturation on the activity of an enzyme.
(i) Name the enzyme and the substrate that you used.
(ii) Describe how you carried out the investigation. In your description outline how you
measured the activity of the enzyme.
(iii) Using suitably labelled axes, draw a graph of the results that you obtained.
74. Write notes (a minimum of three points) on Metabolism.
75. Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions in the body.
T
F
76. Anabolism is the breaking down of large molecules.
T
F
77. Enzyme activity is affected by _____.
78. Enzymes trapped in an inactive material are said to be ____
79. The substance with which an enzyme reacts is _____
80. Give an advantage of using immobilised enzymes.
81. (i) Give a detailed account of how enzymes work, referring in your answer to their specificity.
82. (ii) Name two processes that occur in plant or animal cells that require the use of enzymes.
83. (iii) Some biological washing powders contain enzymes similar to the ones found in our
digestive system. Many of these enzymes are extracted from bacteria.
1. Suggest why such enzymes are included in washing powder.
2. Why is 40 °C the recommended temperature for these washing powders?
3. Suggest what would happen to these enzymes in an 80 °C wash.
84. In the course of your practical studies you immobilised an enzyme and then investigated its
activity. You also prepared alcohol using yeast.
85.
(i)
Give two advantages of using immobilised yeast cells in the production of alcohol.
(iii)
How did you test for the presence of alcohol?