Sociology 3: Minority Group Relations: Fall 2007
Final Exam Study Guide
Section 1: 50 of the following will be on your exam. Each is worth 2 points.
1. When two or more social groups come to share common social institutions, organizations and
friendship networks, it is called:
a) Cultural assimilation.
b) Pluralistic integration.
c) Basic pluralism.
d) Structural assimilation.
e) Primary assimilation.
2. Recent increases in immigration to the U.S. have stimulated renewed interest in:
a) Pluralism.
b) Integration.
c) Anglo-conformity.
d) The race relations cycle.
e) Marxism.
3. A third type of pluralism that reversed Gordon’s first two stages would be:
a) Acculturation without separatism.
b) Integration without equality.
c) Integration without acculturation.
d) Separatism without integration.
e) Acculturation without pluralism.
4. An employer does not hire Karen because she is a woman. This is an example of:
a) Institutional prejudice. - Incorrect
b) Ideological racism.
c) Individual discrimination.
d) Individual prejudice.
e) Stupidity.
5. Institutional discrimination refers to:
a) The belief that some groups are naturally inferior. - Incorrect
b) A prejudiced individual's habit of discriminating.
c) Discrimination built into the everyday operations of a society.
d) The fact that minority groups routinely avoid the institutions of the larger society.
e) All of the above.
6. A person that believes that blacks are lazy and that Jews are stingy is exhibiting the ______
dimension of prejudice.
a) emotional. - Incorrect
b) cognitive.
c) societal.
d) affective.
e) institutional.
7. Generalizations that are thought to apply to all minority group members are called:
a) Affective emotions. - Incorrect
b) Cognitive emotions.
c) Prejudices.
d) Stereotypes.
e) Racist views.
8. Marx believed that conflict between classes was:
a) Counterproductive. - Incorrect
b) Dysfunctional.
c) Inevitable.
d) Always harmful to the well being of the society as a whole.
e) Avoidable if people would just learn to get along.
9. A process in which various groups come together and contribute in roughly equal amounts to a
common culture and a new, unique society is called:
a) The melting pot.
b) Anglo-conformity.
c) Coercive assimilation.
d) Pluralism.
e) Americanization.
10. The type of assimilation that historically has predominated in the U.S. is:
a) Reverse.
b) Institutional.
c) Melting pot.
d) Apartheid.
e) Anglo-conformity.
11. Which of the following is NOT an example of institutional discrimination?
a) Not hiring a Mexican-American woman because you do not like her accent. - Correct!
b) Members of minority groups finding it hard to get political funds or endorsement for elections.
c) "Aptitude tests" that reflect negatively on the minority group.
d) Ignoring African-American contributions to the United States in high school history books.
e) Height requirements for law enforcement officers that eliminate Asian-American applicants.
12. In the United States today, racist ideologies and institutional discrimination are.
a) Less commonly found than in Europe. - Incorrect
b) Virtually non-existent.
c) Unrelated to inequality and social class.
d) Part of the system through which dominant group privilege is sustained.
d) Much less important for an understanding of dominant minority relations than individual prejudice
and discrimination.
13. _____ is a belief system that asserts that a particular group is inferior.
a) Institutional prejudice. - Incorrect
b) Ideological racism.
c) Racist prejudice.
d) Institutional racism.
e) Traditional discrimination.
14. Park felt that intergroup relations go through a predictable set of phases that he called:
a) assimilation cycle.
b) race relations cycle.
c) minority conformity cycle.
d) Anglo-conformity cycle.
e) secondary institutional cycle.
15. For groups that immigrate to the U.S., ________ to the dominant Anglo-American culture includes
learning the English language, changing eating habits, and adopting new value systems.
a) integration.
b) amalgamation.
c) Ethnogenesis.
d) structural assimilation.
e) acculturation.
16. Segmented assimilation suggests that:
a) Opportunity to succeed is really based on hard work, not ethnic origin.
b) Some immigrants will assimilate while others will become part of the urban poor.
c) The process of assimilation occurs in a fragmented rather than even way.
d) Assimilation breaks down as intercultural marriages end in divorce.
e) Some groups of people really don’t want to integrate with others.
17. Africans were used as slaves because:
A. The supply of white indentured servants began to dwindle.
B. Indentured servants served their time of indenture and then were free to leave and get their own land.
C. The local Native Americans were already pushed from the nearby land and had been decimated by warfare and disease.
D. Slavery had already been established in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies, and it was viewed as a logical and costeffective method of solving the labor problem.
E. All of the above.
18. According to the Noel hypothesis, what three characteristics of a contact situation that in combination lead to some form of
inequality between dominant and minority groups?
A. Ethnocentrism, competition, differential in power.
B. Differential in power, racism, discrimination.
C. Competition, discrimination, racism.
D. Ethnocentrism, competition, discrimination.
19. Robert Blauner predicts that integration and equality will be slower for:
A. Recently created minority groups.
B. Assimilated minority groups.
C. Racial minority groups.
D. Immigrant groups.
E. Colonized minority groups.
20. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 required:
A. All Native Americans to give over their land.
B. All slaves to be removed from free states.
C. All Mexican Americans to move south of the border.
D. All eastern tribes to move west of the Mississippi.
E. All foreigners to settle in the western part of the country.
21. Mexican-American history differs from that of Native Americans in that:
A. Competition played no part in Mexican-American relations with Anglos.
B. Ethnocentrism played no part in Mexican-American relations with Anglos.
C. Mexican Americans greatly outnumbered Anglos.
D. Mexican Americans were exploited for both their labor and land.
E. Mexican Americans cannot be considered colonized.
22. Shari works in the secondary labor market. Thus, she is likely to
A. Work in a large bureaucratic organization.
B. Receive less pay than her sister who works in the primary labor market.
C. Have greater benefits than her sister who works in the primary labor market.
D. All of the above are correct.
E. A and b only.
23. In today's fluid competitive system which of the following is most likely to occur?
A. Fear of the minority group by the dominant group decreases.
B. The relationship between group status and wealth becomes more fixed.
C. Workers' geographic mobility decreases.
D. Formal and legal barriers to job competition are largely eliminated.
E. Workers' social mobility decreases.
24. Maquiladoras are:
A. People who fought in the Spanish American war.
B. Manufacturing plants located mostly in the Northeast that tend to hire immigrants at minimum wage (in U.S. dollars).
C. People of Mexican and American heritage.
D. Assembly plants built by corporations often headquartered in the U.S. to take advantage of working class women in other
countries, including Mexico.
E. A slang term for Mexicans who cross into the U.S. along the Mexico-Texas border.
25. Which of the following are examples of manufacturing (or secondary) occupations?
A. Farmer, miner.
B. Nurse, teacher.
C. Secretary, insurance salesperson.
D. Assembly line worker.
E. Farmer, cab driver.
26. Which of the following are examples of service (or tertiary) occupations?
A. Secretary, insurance salesperson.
B. None of the above.
C. Farmer, secretary.
D. Farmer, miner.
E. Nurse, teacher.
27. The thrust of the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was to ban:
A. School segregation in Topeka, Kansas.
B. School segregation in the South only.
C. School segregation throughout the nation.
D. School segregation for black teachers.
E. Public demonstrations for school integration.
28. The Civil Rights Movement was based on a philosophy of:
A. Nonviolent direct action.
B. "By any means necessary."
C. Strict conformity to all laws.
D. Separate but equal.
E. Death before surrender.
29. The urban uprisings of the 1960s in African American neighborhoods featured attacks on:
A. White people in general.
B. City hall.
C. Symbols of oppression and frustration such as white-owned businesses and the police.
D. Representatives of the federal government.
E. White neighborhoods.
30. The advocates of Black Power identified the cause of racial inequality in the U.S. as:
A. African Americans’ lack of education.
B. Institutional discrimination and white racism.
C. The failure of integration.
D. African Americans’ lack of effort.
E. Anti-black prejudice.
31. The future of African Americans is inextricably bound to the fate of:
A. American cities.
B. Illegal immigrants.
C. The cotton industry.
D. The civil rights movement.
E. Agriculture.
32. The idea that the poor are poor because they have "bad values" is associated with:
A. The theory of the urban underclass.
B. Nation of Islam.
C. Black Power ideology.
D. Paternalistic competition theory.
E. The culture of poverty theory.
33. Compared to African-American males, European-American males are much more concentrated in:
A. Skilled labor jobs.
B. Service jobs.
C. Agricultural jobs.
D. Technical and administrative jobs.
E. Management and professional jobs.
34. By _______, the last of the Native American tribes had been conquered, their leaders killed or in custody, and
their people living on government-controlled reservations.
A. 1802
B. 1842
C. 1910
D. 1872
E. 1890
35. The battle at Wounded Knee was important because:
A. It was the biggest victory the Native Americans ever won.
B. It was the last engagement of the Indian Wars.
C. It was the last battle led by Chief Joseph.
D. All of the above.
E. None of the above.
36. Federal policy toward Native Americans became more sympathetic in the 1930s, decades before any
comparable shift for other minority groups. One possible reason for this was:
A. The poverty and powerlessness of the tribes.
B. The continuing desire for Native-American labor.
C. The political power established by Native Americans.
D. The continuing desire for Native-American land.
E. The high levels of formal education achieved by Native Americans by the 1930s.
37. The Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975 determination was important to Native
Americans because:
A. It increased aid to reservation schools and Native American students.
B. It increased the tribe’s control over the administration of the reservation.
C. It increased the role of tribal government in the full range of political and administrative activities.
D. The tribes could then control the schools, police force, and road maintenance.
E. All of the above.
38. Approximately what percentage of Native Americans live in urban areas?
A. 25%.
B. 60%.
C. 75%.
D. 90%.
E. Almost all.
39. Today, the situation of Native Americans in the cities most resembles those of:
A. The European immigrants who arrived before the 1920s.
B. African Americans in the South in the years immediately following the Civil War.
C. The African Americans who arrived in the urban areas in the 20th century.
D. The Hispanics in California.
E. The Chinese immigrants who arrived in the 1850s.
40. The goals of the Native American protest movement included:
A. Assimilation and equality.
B. Protection of treaty rights and natural resources.
C. An end to boarding schools.
D. Immediate and complete integration into the larger society.
E. Forced desegregation of schools and busing.
41. Which of the following is not one of the three states with the largest Native American population identified in
the text?
A. Wisconsin.
B. Arizona.
C. New Mexico.
D. California.
E. None of the above.
42. _____ was a policy toward immigrants from Mexico in the 1930s.
A. Operation Wetback.
B. Termination.
C. Repatriation.
D. Assimilation.
E. The Bracero Program.
43. The new immigration policy established in 1965 gave highest priority to immigrants who were:
A. Families of U.S. citizens.
B. Braceros.
C. People with skills in short supply in the U.S.
D. Asians and Latin Americans.
E. Northern and Western European.
44. Chicanismo, like the Black Power ideology, marked a shift to:
A. Integration and equality for all minority groups.
B. Pluralism.
C. De jure segregation in American society.
D. Acculturation.
E. Intermarriage and total assimilation.
45. Who organized the United Farm Workers?
A. Linda Chávez.
B. Rodolfo Gonzalez.
C. Jose Gutierrez.
D. Reies Lopez Tijerina.
E. Cesar Chávez.
46. Immigrants from Cuba in the 1960s and 1970s:
A. Created an ethnic enclave.
B. Were almost all females.
C. Were seen as Marielitos and stereotyped as undesirables.
D. Americanized rapidly.
E. Arrived in the U.S. intending to remain and become citizens.
47. Which Hispanic group has the highest levels of educational achievement?
A. Cuban Americans.
B. Mexican Americans.
C. Caribbean Hispanics.
D. Puerto Ricans.
E. They are virtually equal in educational achievement.
48. Based on the information presented in the text, which of the following individuals would probably have the
lowest income?
A. A Cuban American male.
B. A Mexican American male.
C. A Puerto Rican female.
D. A Puerto Rican male.
E. A Mexican American female.
49. Associations based on the region or district in China from which the immigrant had come from were called:
A. Tongs.
B. Gum-Shan-Poos.
C. Huiguan.
D. CCBAs.
E. Clans.
50. Most Japanese Americans were in the relocation camps:
A. Ten years to life, depending on the seriousness of the offense.
B. Only until they agreed to become U.S. citizens.
C. For only a few months.
D. For almost the entire length of World War II.
E. For a generation
51. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Japanese Americans have never been compensated for their economic losses during World War II.
B. In 1988, the Japanese were fully compensated plus given damages of $20,000.
C. In 1988, the U.S. Congress agreed to a compensation plan whereby each living survivor of the camps would
receive compensation at the rate of ten cents on the dollar for any losses due to relocation.
D. In 1988, the U.S. Congress agreed to a compensation plan whereby each living survivor of the camps would
receive $20,000.
E. In 1948, Japanese Americans were fully compensated for their economic losses during World War II.
52. In terms of occupational profiles, Chinese Americans today are:
A. Concentrated in mid-level, blue-collar occupations.
B. Almost entirely concentrated in high status, professional level jobs.
C. Almost entirely concentrated in low wage, insecure jobs.
D. Bipolar, concentrated at both the higher and lower ends of the occupational structures.
E. Highly sex segregated, with women working exclusively in the home or in garment factories.
53. An attempt was made to dislodge the Japanese from the rural economy of California in the:
A. Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907.
B. Agricultural Reform Act of 1918.
C. Alien Land Act of 1913.
D. Japanese Exclusion Act of 1911
E. Dawes Act of 1887.
54. About _____ percent of Chinese Americans have graduate degrees.
A. 37
B. 14
C. 41
D. 58
E. 24
55. Monterey Park, once virtually all white, is now 62% Chinese and is often referred to as:
A. "Chinese suburbanite"
B. "Chinese town"
C. "Chinese High Park"
D. "Chinese Beverly Hills"
E. None of the above
56. Which of the following groups has the highest average income?
A. Japanese American males.
B. Mexican American males.
C. African American males.
D. Cuban American males.
E. Chinese American males.
57. Between 1820 and 1920, some ______ million people immigrated to the United States.
A. 10
B. 20
C. 30
D. 40
E. 50
58. The record for most immigrants in a year was set in:
A.1877
B. 1917
C. 1897
D.1907
E. 1887
59. The Dominican Republic shares the Caribbean island of Hispaniola with:
A. Puerto Rico
B. El Salvador
C. Grand Cayman
D. Jamaica
E. Haiti
60. According to the 2000 census, which of the following groups is very overrepresented in some of the
most prestigious occupations, including computer engineering, physicians, and college faculty?
A. Koreans
B. Indians
C. Puerto Ricans
D. Chinese
E. Cubans
61. Filipinos could enter the U.S. without regard to immigration quotas until _____, when the nation
became independent.
A.1965
B. 1955
C. 1945
D.1935
E. 1925
62. Research has found that _______________ women have a very low rate of employment, the lowest
of any immigrant group.
A. Cuban American
B. Korean American
C. Chinese American
D. Haitian American
E. Arab American
63. According to the text, groups with high percentages of members entering the primary labor market
include all of the following except:
A. Columbian
B. Filipino
C. Indian
D. Puerto Rican
E. Arab
64. In a process that mirrored the activities of the Chinese and Japanese on the West Coast, _________
constructed an enclave on the East Coast.
A. Irish Americans.
B. Mexican Americans.
C. Puerto Ricans.
D. African Americans.
E. Eastern European Jews.
65. One cause of the revival of interest in ethnicity among European Americans in the late 1960s was
competition between racial minorities and:
A. Chinese immigrants.
B. White ethnic urban working class.
C. White Southerners.
D. Suburban middle-class white ethnic groups.
E. Newly arriving Cuban immigrants.
66. Jewish immigrants found employment:
A. In the banking industry.
B. In the garment industry.
C. In farming and mining.
D. In small businesses and self-employment.
E. Both c and d.
67. In the pattern of ethnic succession, the Irish tended to follow the Northern and Western European
and were in turn followed by:
A. Germans and Italians.
B. Russians and Germans.
C. Latinos and African Americans.
D. Italians and Poles.
E. Spanish and Portuguese.
68. The Irish and the "new" immigrants tended to settle in many urban areas of the:
A. Southwest.
B. Midwest.
C. Southeast.
D. Northwest.
E. Northeast.
69. Immigrants from Norway were part of the "old" immigration and they tended to settle in the:
A. upper Midwest.
B. Northwest.
C. deep South.
D. Southwest.
E. cities of the East Coast.
70. One of the first victories of the union movement occurred in New York City in 1909, with a massive
strike of mostly ________________ against the garment industry.
A. Russian and Irish men.
B. Irish and German women.
C. Jewish and Italian women.
D. Jewish and Italian men.
E. Irish and Polish women.
71. This text has stressed the importance of initial contact, and in U.S. history, colonized or conquered
minority groups are:
A. More successful at achieving social change.
B. More successful in assimilation, but not if they are white.
C. Subject to greater rejection, discrimination and inequality.
D. More likely to remain mired in minority status.
E. None of the above.
72. Dominant-minority relations tend to change most rapidly and dramatically when:
A. Society becomes more technical.
B. Society becomes more service oriented.
C. The level of development of the larger society changes.
D. The society is primarily agricultural.
E. Women become more equal.
73. In the area that was formerly Yugoslavia, the Croats are primarily:
A. Jewish.
B. Roman Catholic.
C. Eastern Orthodox.
D. Muslim.
E. half Muslim, half Christian.
74. The racial policy in South Africa under white rule was called:
A. Apartheid.
B. Cultural pluralism.
C. Genocide.
D. Ethnic cleansing.
E. Killing fields.
75. The native Hawaiians were severely decimated because of:
A. Conquest by European countries.
B. Smallpox and other diseases against which they had no immunities.
C. Slavery.
D. Colonization by Europe and the United States.
E. Economic competition.
76. Brazil has a history of colonization, slavery, and decimation of the native population. Brazilian
society is characterized by:
A. A relatively low level of interracial marriage.
B. High level of skin-color consciousness.
C. Relatively harmonious race relations.
D. Apartheid.
E. Extreme stratification by race.