PAST PAPER QUESTIONS FOR B451
DEVELOP SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES
MAY, 2011
Creativity is a key concept in physical education for pupils who perform, coach
or lead.
Identify and describe two different examples of creativity in physical activities,
either as a performer, coach or leader.
Two marks for two from: Identify two examples of creativity
1.
Trying out / improvise / different / alternative/ changing / experiment
/practising new things /moves / skills / techniques trying out new positions.
2.
Trying new tactics/strategies / new ways of communicating with players as an
official / changes in coaching activities
3.
Using your imagination in movement/skills
Description of these examples two marks for two from:
1.
(Trying out / new) eg passing in netball
(trying out) new positions to view play as an official
1.
(Trying new tactics) – eg using a new defensive formation in basketball
2.
(Imagination) – eg a new floor routine in gymnastics
JUNE 2012
22) Creativity is a key concept in Physical Education. Identify three other concepts in
PE, giving an example for each (6)
6 marks from:
1. Competence
2. (Practical example) to be able to do / carry out a physical activity to be able to cope with
physical activity / to link skill and tactics and physical/mental fitness to be able to
participate.
3. Performance
4. (Practical example) to be effective in physical activity / to be successful / to use
physical competence and understanding to be effective.
5. Healthy, active lifestyle / to be healthy/active
6. (Practical example) (to understand the) importance of health and fitness / to try to be
healthier / fitter to lead a healthy/active lifestyle / following a balanced diet / exercising
regularly
JUNE 2013
23) Identify three key processes in Physical Education (3)
1. Developing skills/techniques
2. Decision making
3. Physical and mental capacity
4. Evaluating/improving
5. Making informed choices (about active/healthy
lifestyles).
DECISION MAKING
MAY 2010
23) Give three reasons why it is important for all those involved in a physical activity
to abide by rules and codes of behaviour (3)
1 To prevent injury/less dangerous
2 For fair play/so that the activity/game can be played fairly effectively/flowing
3 So all can enjoy the activity
4 Important to establish so that all participants know what is expected of them when
playing a particular sport or engaging in exercise and physical activities/following role
model behaviour
5 So that behaviour is socially acceptable (in a particular culture) to have good
control
6 To show respect to those around you/well mannered/to care about the well-being of
others/sportsmanship/good etiquette/respect
7 To not be disqualified/sent off/fined
8 To not let your team mates down/give them a bad name
25) Identify a role as either a referee or an umpire in a physical activity of your choice
and describe what is involved in performing one of these roles (6)
1 To move/run around/get exercise
2 Need to concentrate/watch the game (carefully)/ignore distractions
3 To keep the score
4 Communicates well to other officials/participants
5 To gain qualifications/badges/awards
6 Ensure all keep to the rules of the game
7 Let the game run smoothly/keep the flow of the game
8 Good knowledge of rules and regulations/use of rules
9 Ensure fairness for all players/participants/make honest decisions be consistent
10 Make (firm) decisions/decisions under pressure/give punishments
11 Could help to organise a competition or physical activity
12 The referee/umpire etc, with a whistle, takes charge of a match/controls
13 Need to work with other officials, eg in football with the help of two assistant
referees
14 Can keep a check on the time/timekeeper
JANUARY, 2011
20) Decision making is an important key process in physical education.
Describe two examples of decisions that might be made in each of the following roles
(6) – Performer, Coach and Official
(i) Performer
Two marks for two from:
Max of 2 marks for 2 separate decisions for a performer
1.
1st example of a decision made by a performer, eg to pass the ball in rugby
2.
2nd example of a decision made by a performer, eg to shoot the ball in netball
(ii) Coach or leader
Two marks for two from:
Max of 2 marks 2 separate decisions for a leader/coach
1.
1st example of a decision made by a coach/leader, eg Deciding to have a time
out in basketball
2.
2nd example of a decision made by an coach/leader, eg substituting a player
in a hockey match
(iii) Official
Two marks for two from:
Max of 2 marks for 2 separate decisions for an official
1.
1st example of a decision made by an official, eg indicating that a player is
offside in football
2.
2nd example of a decision made by an official, eg indicating the time as a table
official in basketball
22) Identify four different fundamental motor skills and describe why each one is
important in physical activities (4)
Four marks for four from:
(Sub max one for 4 i/d’s only)
1.
Running – eg need to run well to throw further in the javelin
2.
Throwing – need to throw well to score highly in javelin
3.
Jumping – need to jump as a follow through in javelin
4.
Kicking – need to kick to pass the ball in football
5.
Catching – need to catch as wicket keeper to get batsman out
6.
Hitting – need to hit to strike the ball in rounders to score
23) Give three reasons why it is important to show sportsmanship when participating
in physical activities. (3)
Three marks for three from:
1.
To play fairly/to be fair/to be generous/to show etiquette/good manners/show
gratitude/maintain a positive mental attitude/feel good about yourself
2.
So that you can stick to the rules
3.
To stop/avoid injury or collision or danger/concern for the well-being of your
opponent
4.
To show respect for your opponent/be friendly
5.
To ensure that everyone can play the game/to have a good game/let the
game flow/help the referee/prevents anger or aggression
6.
To make it more enjoyable as a spectator/to watch
7.
To avoid arrogance/showing off/so that others will see you in a good light/to
get praise/status/recognised as a fair team/otherwise you may be seen as cheating
8.
You may not be selected if not shown/could be banned
9.
To be a good role model/encourages other to show good sportsmanship.
MAY, 2011
Give three examples of etiquette when participating in physical activities.
three marks for three from: (reward specific examples)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Shaking hands with opponents/showing respect
Thanking officials
Never argue/disagree with officials respect officials
Never swear/be abusive
Do not stretch/bend rules to your advantage
Always sticking to the rules
Lose gracefully/congratulate opponents who beat you
If you hurt someone then showing concern
9.
Sharing resources/facilities/equipment
10.
Do not over-celebrate when you win/do not show arrogance
11.
Replacing weights or equipment after use / wiping your sweat off exercise
equipment
12.
Any other acceptable and relevant example of etiquette
13.
Three cheers at the end of a game
JUNE 2012
20) Describe what is meant by sportsmanship when participating in physical activities
(6)
6 marks from:
1. To play fairly / to play by the rules and the spirit of the game / not cheating/ no
fouling eg does not handle the ball in football as an outfield player.
2. To show respect/politeness to others / not swearing eg thanking your
opponents/shake hands
3. To show appreciation to officials / eg thanking them at the end of the game /
shake hands with officials
4. Never argue / disagree with officials /be polite with officials / eg always getting on
with the game
5. Do not stretch/bend rules to your advantage / no gamesmanship / not deliberately
injuring someone eg playing to the spirit of the game
6. Lose gracefully / eg congratulate opponents who beat you
7. If you hurt someone then showing concern / eg if accidentally hurt someone
stopping to help rather than carrying on
8. Do not over-celebrate when you win /do not show arrogance / not to brag if you
win
9. Any other acceptable and relevant descriptions and example of sportsmanship or
etiquette
JUNE 2013
25) Using practical examples, explain the importance of abidng by the rules and the
importance of etiquette when participating in physical activity (6)
Indicative content–
Examples might include:
1. Sportsmanship with examples:
2. Shaking hands with opponents/showing respect
3. Thanking officials
4. Never argue/disagree with officials respect officials
5. Never swear/be abusive
6. Do not stretch/bend rules to your advantage
7. Always sticking to the rules
8. Lose gracefully/congratulate opponents who beat you
9. If you hurt someone then showing concern
10. Sharing resources/facilities/equipment
11. Do not over-celebrate when you win/do not show arrogance
12. Replacing weights or equipment after use/wiping your sweat off exercise
equipment
13. Three cheers at the end of a game.
Rules and etiquette important because:
14. Fairness or fair play
15. Avoiding the consequences (sending off) of rule breaking
16. Prevents injury
17. Prevents aggression/violence
18. Can be fun/enjoyable/you can appreciate it
19. Encourages respect
20. Game can continue/be flowing/be effective–otherwise will not be a good
game/activity
21. Ethical/moral implications.
22. Being a role model/others may copy
PHYSICAL AND MENTAL CAPACITY
SPECIMEN PAPER
17) Explain how flexibility can influence a healthy, balanced lifestyle (3)
-
Ensures good mobility
Less likely to have an injury
Can enable you to be involved in physical activity / more options
JANUARY, 2010
17) Give a practical example of a warm up activity and explain why a warm up is
important before exercise (4)
1 mark for an appropriate warm up
3 marks for 3:
Increase temperature
To improve performance/technique
Prepare body for action
Raise Heart Rate
Rehearse skills
Mentally prepare
Delay lactic acid
To increase flexibility
Reduce risk of injury
Improve speed
Raise oxygen uptake
MAY 2010
18) Describe a cool down exercise and explain why you should cool down after
physical activity (4)
Description:
Description of a suitable cool down exercise, eg jogging around the pitch in hockey
after a game, followed by some sretching exercises mobilising the main muscle
groups.
Explanation:
Three marks max. One mark for each correct response.
1 (To speed up) remove/get rid of lactic acid/waste products
2 Decreases risk of injury/pulling muscle
3 Decreases risk of muscle soreness/cramp/stiffness
4 Prevent blood pooling
5 Prevent feeling tired
6 Gradually decrease heart rate/blood pressure
7 Gradually decrease body temperature
8 Gradually decrease breathing rate/to stop feeling dizzy/faint/sick
9 Psychological benefits/makes you calm down
MAY, 2011
Describe an effective warm up in a physical activity of your choice.
Five marks for five from:
1.
Raise pulse/heart rate/jogging.
2.
Increasing body/muscle temperature
3.
Stretch for at least 10+ seconds per main muscle group/ per stretch
4.
Stretch main muscle groups / those muscles specifically going to be used /
use flexibility or stretching exercises.
5.
Stretch all main muscle groups/those muscles specifically going to be used
nd
(2 example)
6.
Steady breathing/keep control/calm
7.
To include exercise movements that emulate the ‘real game ‘ situation
8.
Use of skill drills/practising techniques/shots
9.
Incremental work rate in warm up/start slow and build up work ready for
game/competition
10.
Mental preparation
JANUARY, 2012
Give an example of a cool down exercise and explain why it is important to cool
down following physical activity. (4)
1. (To speed up) remove or get rid of lactic acid or waste
products
2. Decreases / prevents risk of injury or pulling a muscle
3. Decreases risk of muscle soreness or cramp or
stiffness/ delays onset of muscle soreness / DOMS
4. Prevent blood pooling
5. Prevent feeling tired or fatigued
6. Gradually decrease/maintain heart rate/ blood pressure
7. Gradually decrease / maintain body temperature
8. Gradually decrease / maintain / regulates breathing
rate
9. To stop you feeling dizzy or faint or sick
10. Psychological benefits or makes you calm down/relax or
lower anxiety.
JUNE 2012
21) Give an example of a warm up activity and explain why a warm up is important
when participating in a physical activity (5)
1 mark for an example of a cool down, eg. (Slow) jogging;
stretching etc..
(Explain importance of a cool-down)
4 marks from:
1. (To speed up) remove or get rid of lactic acid or waste products
2. Decreases / prevents risk of injury or pulling a muscle
3. Decreases risk of muscle soreness or cramp or stiffness/ delays onset of muscle
soreness / DOMS
4. Prevent blood pooling
5. Prevent feeling tired or fatigued
6. Gradually decrease/maintain heart rate/ blood pressure
7. Gradually decrease / maintain body temperature
8. Gradually decrease / maintain / regulates breathing rate
9. To stop you feeling dizzy or faint or sick
10. Psychological benefits or makes you calm down/relax or lower anxiety.
JANUARY 2013
16) Identify three fundamental motor skills and describe how each is measured (3)
Three marks for three from:
1. Running–measured by time/speed or how far
2. Throwing–measured by distance or accuracy or how far
3. Jumping–measured by distance/height or how far
4. Kicking–measured by end result/effectiveness/accuracy or how far or distance
5. Catching–measured by end result/effectiveness
6. Hitting–measured by distance/accuracy/end result/ how far.
EVALUATING AND IMPROVING
SPECIMEN PAPER
22) Explain how you would assess someone’s readiness for cardiovascular exercise
and flexibility so that they can participate in physical activities. (6)
- Investigate about health / fitness history and current health
- Investigate reasons for programme
- Observe the subject
- Use a suitable test to establish levels of fitness
- Describe CV test
- Describe flexibility test
- Medical checks / blood pressure
- Use of tests to motivate
JANUARY, 2010
16) Other than being aesthetic, identify two other characteristics of skilful movement,
giving a practical example for each (4)
-
Efficient / effortless
Pre-determined
Consistent
Co-ordinated
Confidant
Fluent / flowing / smooth
Success, technical, more likely to win
Learned
24) One way of assessing the body’s readiness for exercise is through health
screening. Identify three other ways of assessing the body’s readiness to perform (3)
-
-
Fitness tests
BMI
CV tests – Cooper run/ MSFT / Harvard Step
Strength test – dynamometer test
Muscular Endurance – sit up test
Speed Test – 30m sprint test
Agility / Balance / Co-ordination test
Flexibility test – sit and reach test
Power test – standing broad jump
Questionnaires
Visual assessment
25) Describe how you would evaluate and help to improve someone’s performance in
a physical activity (6)
EVALUATE:
-
Observe / watch performance
Time / take measurements of performance
Identify strengths and weaknesses
Assess against previous targets
Use peer assessment
Self assessments
Fitness tests
IMPROVEMENTS:
-
Goal setting
Encourage
Punish if failure
Show role models
Set practises / teach skills / techniques
Monitor progress
Educate them
Improve fitness
Improve psychological readiness
MAY 2010
16) Describe three characteristics of a skilful movement (3)
1 Efficiency/economic/effortless – (eg no wasted energy when hitting a ball in tennis)
2 Pre-determined – (eg the gymnast knows her routine well before she starts)
3 Co-ordinated – (eg the footballer can jump and do a ‘bicycle kick’ successfully)
4 Fluent/fluid/smooth– (eg the rugby player picks up the ball and passes in one
flowing movement)
5 Aesthetic (eg the netball player shoots the ball using the correct technique that
looks good)
6 Being creative (eg a footballer can disguise a pass)
7 Successful/good technique (eg a basketballer shows the correct shooting
technique
8 Controlled (eg a volleyball player controls a dig)
9 Perform at speed (eg a netball player passes with speed)
10 Consistent (eg a tennis player serves well every time she serves)
11 Learned (eg a trampolinist learns a new technique of somersault)
12 Confident (eg a cricketer shows confidence when playing a forward defensive
shot)
17) Describe, using practical examples, performance and outcome goal setting when
trying to improve performance in a physical activity (6)
Performance:
1 Performance relates to techniques/skills/how well you carry out skills
2 Suitable practical example, eg set a goal to improve my forehand in tennis
3 Performance also relates to strategies/making the right decision at the right time
4 Eg set a goal to work on when to use the dummy pass in rugby
Outcome:
5 Outcome relates to the result of an activity
6 Eg goal is to win all the remaining home games in netball
7 Outcome also relates to how others rate your performance/judged
8 Eg to score a high mark for the gymnastic floor routine
Other factors:
1 Both can be motivating
2 Eg setting a goal to improve your personal best in Athletics
3 Make your goals relevant/achievable
4 Eg In Netball scoring 9 out of 10 shots/goals
22) Describe how you would use the body mass index to assess a young person’s
readiness for exercise (4)
1 To indicate how fit you are
2 To recognise that they are overweight
3 Indicates how much exercise should be done/need for an exercise programme
4 This is a measurement of your weight (kg)/weigh them
5 Divided by your height (m)/measure their height
6 Compare score to national norms/check against BMI chart/graph
7 Age/body composition is another variable/factor
8 High score then overweight/undesirable/a BMI greater than 25 indicates being
overweight
9 A score between 18-25 more desirable
10 Over 40 a serious health risk
11 30 indicates obesity (in adults)/health risk
12 BMI should not be the only measure for readiness to exercise
13 Should not be used to assess those who are
pregnant/highly trained athletes
JANUARY, 2011
21) Describe five characteristics of skilful movement. (5)
Five marks for five from: - each must be described rather than named (if named
correctly but no description then three marks max)
1.
Skilful movement is learned/comes about after practice/training
2.
Efficient – they only perform using necessary movements/no waste of
energy/(seemingly) effortless
3.
Consistent/(often) successful/good player/effective
4.
Pre-determined – they know what they are trying to achieve
5.
Co-ordinated/controlled/movements are linked well together/does the right
thing at the right time
6.
Fluent – one move flows into another/smoothly
7.
Aesthetic – the movement looks good
8.
Confident – the performer has a positive approach/thinks they will do well
9.
Follows correct model/accurate/correct technique
MAY, 2011
Give three practical examples that show different characteristics of skilful
movement in physical activities.
(Max of one mark if no practical examples)
Practical examples showing:
1.
Efficiency -serve was efficient in tennis without wasting energy
2.
Pre-determined - knowing what you want to do before you pass the ball
3.
Co-ordinated /agile/good timing -linking the movements together/co-ordinated
for a smooth discuss throw
4.
Fluent -movement of trampoline routine shows fluency/flow/smooth
movements
5.
At speed -the volleyball player gets to the ball quickly
6.
Aesthetic - the smash in badminton looked good
7.
Good technique/accuracy/successful - the netball shot showed good shooting
technique
8.
Controlled - the tackle in rugby took the player down within the rules
9.
Confidence - the goalkeeper was confident in winning the ball when tackling
the player
10.
Skilful movement is learned -the required footwork is learned to effectively
perform the shot putt
11.
Consistent - the tennis serve is nearly always in
Health screening is important in assessing the body’s readiness for exercise.
Identify and describe two health screening methods in assessing readiness for
exercise.
Four marks for four from: two max for i/d (odd numbers) and two max for
appropriate (simple) description (even numbers)
1.
Body mass index / BMI
2.
This is a measure of body composition/weight divided by height squared /
measuring height and weight/ indicates under weight/overweight
3.
Blood pressure (measure)
4.
Use an instrument/sphygmomanometer/ healthy or unhealthy values/levels in
a correct range
5.
Cholesterol (measure)
6.
Test to show how much cholesterol in blood
7.
Glucose/sugar levels
8.
Test to show the level of glucose in blood
9.
(Resting) heart rate
10.
Take the pulse/heart rate using stethoscope or by pressing the radial/carotid
artery – count how many beats per unit of time - values
11.
Hydration
12.
Testing the water content of the body
13.
Flexibility
14.
Testing the flexibility of joints/sit and reach test
15.
Questionnaires/medical history/interview
16.
Asking about lifestyle/behaviour (for an analysis)
17.
Skinfold measurements
18.
Measures fat (coverage)
19.
Other appropriate health measures
20.
With suitable description
JANUARY 2012
Describe four characteristics of skilful movement. (4)
1. Efficient/economic/effortless
2. Pre-determined/knows what is needed/what they are doing/goal directed/knowing
how you are going to win/predictable
3. Consistent – being successful repeatedly
4. Co-ordinated/control
5. Confident by knowing what they are doing
6. Fluent/flowing/smooth
7. Aesthetic/looks good/pleasing to the eye
8. Successful / accurate / follows technical model/more likely to beat an opponent /
effective
9. Learned by showing improvement
Describe suitable tests for speed and flexibility.
1. (speed) eg 30 metre sprint test or sprint test (any distance)
2. (speed) Description to include marking the distance and timing the run
3. (flexibility) eg the sit and reach test
4. (flexibility) Description to include (keeping the legs straight) and reaching forward
as far as possible or using a ‘sit and reach box’ to measure.
JUNE 2012
19) Describe how you would use the Body Mass Index to assess a persons
readiness for exercise (4)
4 marks from:
1. To indicate how ‘fit/healthy’ you are
2. To recognise that they are overweight / if they are obese / how much fat/recognise
that they are underweight/recognise correct weight
3. Indicates how much exercise should be done/need for an exercise programme /
setting goals/ indicates what activities should not be done
4. This is a measurement of your weight (kg)/weigh them
5. Divided by your height (m)/measure their height
6. Compare score to national norms/check against BMI chart/graph
7. Age/body composition/muscle mass is another variable/factor
8. Low score (below 18) indicates underweight or weakness
9. High score then overweight/undesirable/a BMI greater than 25 indicates being
overweight
10. A score between 18-25 more desirable
11. Over 40 a serious health risk
12. 30(+) indicates obesity (in adults)/health risk
13. BMI should not be the only measure for readiness to exercise
14. Should not be used to assess those who are pregnant/highly trained athletes
JANUARY 2013
18) Health screening is often used to assess whether someone is ready to exercise.
Identify and describe three methods of health screening (6)
1. Body mass index/BMI
2. This is a measure of body composition/weight divided by height (squared)
weight/find out if overweight or obese or underweight
3. Blood pressure (measure)
4. Use an instrument/sphygmomanometer or check levels/whether high or low
5. Cholesterol/blood test (if not given in pt 7)
6. Test to show how much or level of cholesterol in blood
7. Glucose /blood test (if not given in pt 5)/urine test
8. Test to show how much or level of glucose in blood or urine
9. (Resting)heart rate
10. Take the pulse/heart rate using stethoscope or by pressing the radial/carotid
artery–count how many beats per unit of time
11. Water content/hydration test
12. Colour of urine
13. Flexibility
14. Testing the flexibility of joints/sit and reach test
15. Questionnaires/lifestyle/PARQ/family/medical history
16. Asking about lifestyle/behaviour (for an analysis) or health problems
17. Skinfold measurements
18. Measures fat (coverage).
JUNE 2013
16) Using practical examples, describe three different characteristics of skilful
movement (3)
Practical examples showing:
1. (Efficiency) eg serve was efficient in tennis without wasting energy
2. (Pre-determined) eg knowing what you want to do before you pass the ball
3. (Co-ordinated/agile) eg linking the movements together/co-ordinated for a smooth
discus throw or eg a bicycle kick in football completed successfully
4. (Fluent) eg movement of trampoline routine shows flow/smooth movements
5. (At speed) eg the volleyball player gets to the ball quickly
6. (Aesthetic) eg the smash in badminton looked good or making a dive look
effortless
7. (Good technique) eg the netball shot showed good shooting technique
8. (Controlled) eg the tackle in rugby took the player down within the rules
9. (Confidence) eg the goalkeeper was confident in winning the ball when tackling the
player
10. (Skilful movement is learned) eg the required footwork is learned to effectively
perform the shot putt
11. (Consistent) eg the tennis serve is nearly always in
12. (Creativity) eg
18) Other than health screening, identify and explain three different ways to test a
persons readiness for exercise (6)
19) Explain why it is important to cool down after physical activity (4)
1. (To speed up) remove or get rid of lactic acid or waste products
2. Decreases/ prevent risk of injury or pulling a muscle
3. Decreases/ prevent risk of muscle soreness or cramp or stiffness or relaxes
muscles
4. Prevent blood pooling
5. Prevent feeling tired or fatigued/ recover quicker
6. Gradually decrease heart rate/blood pressure/maintain blood pressure
7. Gradually decrease body temperature
8. Gradually decrease breathing rate
9. To stop you feeling dizzy or faint or sick
10. Psychological benefits or makes you calm down or lowers anxiety.
22) Using practical examples, describe why speed and strength are important
components of fitness in physical activity (4)
(speed)
1. Have good reactions/be able to respond quickly or to be able to run/move fast to
catch someone or to chase after something or to be able to get jobs done
quickly/efficiently
2.Eg To run quickly and win a sprint race.
(strength)
3. To be able to lift or carry effectively or to be able to overpower an opponent or to
be able to support your body weight well
4. Eg To lift the heaviest weight in a power-lifting competition.
24) Explain why activities like pilates and yoga can be effective exercise techniques
for a healthy lifestyle (4)
1. Good for (overall/holistic) fitness/keeps you active
2. Good for muscular endurance
3. Suitable for all ages/abilities/both sexes
4. Is (usually) a safe way of exercising
5. Can be done at own pace/is non-competitive
6. Can be done at home/no need for expensive/complex equipment
7. Can be good for core/strength/power
8. Good for agility or co-ordination or balance
9. Keeps you supple or flexible/ stretches muscles
10. Prevents injury
11. Good for the mind/mental health/(yoga) has spiritual dimension/keeps you
positive or happy or enjoyable/relaxed/less stressed
12. Can be sociable/can make friends.
ACTIVE, HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
SPECIMEN PAPER
16) Identify four reasons why it is important to follow an active, healthy lifestyle (4)
-
To exercise for long periods of time
Positive physiological adaptations
To be able to recover quicker
To live longer / to be healthy / avoid illness
To make friends / socialise
To feel better / emotional benefits / enjoyment
18) Describe four possible measures or indicators of a person’s health and well-being
(4)
-
Satisfaction with life
Frequency of positive and negative feelings
Frequency of feelings
Access to green space
Level of participation in other activities
Positive mental health
19) What are the negative effects on health of illegal blood doping (3)
-
Injection site / risk of AIDS
Increase in blood pressure
Heart problems
Kidney problems
21) Discuss why old age might affect participation in physical activity (6)
-
Health reasons / injury / disability
Lack of ability / Lack of confidence
Discrimination
Loss of self esteem
Other pressures from other interests
Lack of role models
Lack of appropriate facilities
Inadequate provision
Poor transport
23) Giving an example, explain why carbohydrates are so important for those who
participate in an active, healthy lifestyle (3)
-
Provides energy release
Used as a fuel for cell respiration
Carbo loading
24) Analyse reasons why teenagers often give up on participating in physical activity
and following an active, healthy lifestyle (6)
- Health reasons / injury
- Disability
- Discrimation
- Peer pressure
- Cultural / religious factors
- Other pressures
- Lack of confidence
- Lack of parental support
- Lack of opportunity
JANUARY, 2010
21) Describe circuit training (5)
-
Series of exercises / different exercises
Each exercise has its own repetitions
A whole circuit can be repeated
There may be a time limit
Body weight is the main resistance
Different muscles groups can be used
Can use skills
Time / score can be recorded
Periods of rest between stations
22) One of the measures or indicators of health and well being is access to green
space – in other words open spaces for exercise. Identify three other measures or
indicators of health and well being (3)
-
Satisfaction with life
Frequency of positive feelings
How active you are
How well you look after yourself
Self pride / self esteem
Friendships
Heath screening aspects
Confidence
Fitness tests
Good sleep patterns
Questionnaires
Not being poor
23) Explain how vitamins and minerals contribute to our health (4)
VITAMINS:
-
Prevent infections / illness
Help to produce energy
Helps with metabolism
MINERALS:
-
Needed for strong / healthy bones
Essential for blood / helps carry oxygen
Essential for effective growth
MAY 2010
19) Explain the effects of under eating on performance and participation in physical
activity (4)
1 Causes muscle weakness/harder to do things
2 Performance/speed/stamina/participation decreases or
example of this decrease
3 Loss/lack of energy available/tiredness/low blood
sugar/dizziness/nausea/faint
4 Causes weight loss that may decrease
strength/mobility/power
5 May feel embarrassed/low self esteem
6 More illness/disease
7 Not having a healthy diet/loss of vitamins/minerals
8 Slows growth and development/weaker bones/more prone
to injury
9 Slows recovery after exercise/after illness
10 Loss of motivation/lethargy/not alert/slow reactions
21) Describe the main benefits of a healthy, active lifestyle (5)
1 Physical health/not getting ill/less prone heart disease/other diseases
2 Less prone to injury
3 Live longer
4 Components of physical fitness improving/keep fit
5 Mental health/feel good/happy/positive feelings
6 Image/self esteem/confident/feel good about yourself
7 Enjoyment/as a hobby
8 Social/friendship
9 Sense of achievement
10 Can be active/get involved/keep doing physical activities / be good at an
activity/can cope with demands of everyday life
11 Not getting tired easily/offsets fatigue
12 Avoids obesity/being overweight
13 Avoids being underweight anorexic
JANUARY, 2011
19) Performance enhancing drugs are used by some performers to try and gain an
advantage over their opponents. Describe the effects of performance enhancing drugs
on the performer. (4)
Four marks for four from:
(Positive effects)
1.
Can increase levels of performance/play better
2.
More strength/builds muscle
3.
Have more energy/can last longer/recover faster/more stamina/train at greater
intensity/be fitter
4.
Mask injury/can endure injury/pain better
5.
Increased speed/power
6.
Increase in red blood cells/increase in O2 availability
7.
Reduce weight
8.
Control anxiety/calms/relaxes
9.
Lowers heart rate
10.
Speeds reactions/more alert/better concentration
11.
Increases confidence
(Negative effects)
1.
Withdrawal symptoms if you stop
2.
High blood pressure
3.
Skin problems/acne
4.
More aggression/rage
5.
Addiction/you can’t help but take them/a habit
6.
Anxiety/depression/lower self-esteem
7.
Can lead to being banned/fined/disqualified
8.
Labelled as a cheat by others/others have low opinion of you
9.
Can affect gender characteristics/males get female characteristics/females get
male characteristics
10.
Heart disease/blood clots/kidney/internal organ damage/poor health/die
11.
Infections/AIDS
12.
Infertility
13.
Dehydration
14.
leads to more injury
15.
Lack of concentration/slower reactions
24) Speed is an important component of fitness. Explain, using four different practical
examples, how speed can help in the performance of physical activities.(4)
Four marks for four from: must use practical examples (max of two marks if no
examples)
1.
To beat your opponent in a race, eg in a sprint race
2.
Get away from your opponent eg a striker running away from a defender in
football
3.
To get to the ball or location before your opponent, eg winning the ball in a
hockey match
4.
To be able to put skills into operation quickly/make skills quick/effective, eg
quickly perform the smash in tennis
5.
Can hit or strike with more force/makes things/projectiles go faster, eg the
quicker the run-up and arm action the quicker the ball will travel when bowling in
cricket
6.
You can receive the ball more effectively/you can prepare to receive/respond,
eg you can get in position to
25*) Describe the main characteristics of a balanced, healthy lifestyle. (6)
Indicative content – (Describe the main characteristics of a balanced, healthy
lifestyle)
1.
Active/regular exercise (better candidates will give values and best according
to age/abilities)/able to do everyday tasks/fitness/feel energised
2.
Healthy/lack of illness/balanced diet (better candidates will give
components/positive-negative energy balance)
3.
Hydration/regular water intake (better candidates will state how much and
when according to the task/s)
4.
Limited/non-use of alcohol (better candidates will give details about units per
day)
5.
No smoking
6.
No (illegal)drug taking
7.
Feeling good about yourself/high self-esteem
8.
Being optimistic/cheerful/good outlook on life/satisfied with
life/enjoyment/happiness
9.
Lack of stress/minimises stress/anxiety/work – life balance
10.
Helping others/having good or positive relationships/having friends/a
balanced social life
11.
Working hard/having a purpose/a focus in life
12.
(Regular) access to green space/good/healthy environment
13.
Get enough/right amount of sleep
14.
Having appropriate BMI/weight
MAY, 2011
Describe the characteristics of a balanced diet.
six marks for six from:
1.
Eating the right amount (for energy expended) / the right amount of calories
/eating according to how much you work/exercise.
2.
Have an appropriate portion size/not too much or too little food
3.
Eat breakfast
4.
Sufficient water
5.
Limit or non-use of alcohol
6.
(Approx 50%) carbohydrates / carbs
7.
Not too much sugar
8.
Not too much salt
9.
(About 30-35%) fats/not too many (saturated) fats
10.
(About 15-20%) protein (needed for repair)
11.
Fibre / roughage intake sufficient
12.
Sufficient minerals
13.
Sufficient vitamins
14.
Plenty of fruit/vegetables/at least 5 a day / variety of foods / different food
groups/Eat well plate/healthy eating plate.
Over-eating and under-eating can both affect the performance of physical
activities.
Explain how over-eating and under-eating can have negative effects when
performing physical activities.
Six marks for six from: max of three marks for over-eating:
1.
Not fit enough/carrying too much weight to be involved in physical activities /
excess fat / obesity / strain on heart/shortness of breath
2.
Tiredness/lethargy/lack of motivation / feel sick or ill / cramps
3.
Lack of mobility/speed
4.
Related health issues such as diabetes / CHD etc may limit participation
5.
Feeling of embarrassment/low self-esteem
6.
The negative views of others
7.
Increase likelihood of injury
Max of three marks for under-eating:
1.
Lack of physical fitness / not enough weight to participate / fainting / lack of
endurance
2.
Illness / not receiving the right nutrients/vitamins / related health issues such
as muscle wastage
3.
Not enough energy/too tired/lethargic / will not be able to function properly
/de-motivated/give up/lack of concentration / body works slower
4.
Lack of strength/power / too weak
5.
Easily injured/too delicate / fragile for many activities / weak bones
6.
Feeling embarrassed / low self esteem
7.
The negative views of others
Describe how flexibility can help you lead a healthy lifestyle.
four marks for four from:
1.
(General) To stop danger of straining yourself / safer (eg lifting)
2.
(Specific joint/ muscular) To prevent joint injuries/muscular injuries/healthy
joints/better posture
3.
To be able to reach for things easier/greater range of movement
4.
To be able to perform activities that demand flexibility such as gymnastics /
enables you to want to do more exercise / enables activity in old age
5.
To be able to move faster/ quicker reactions/more agile
6.
7.
To be more effective in movement technique
To go about everyday activities more easily/ do jobs better
JANUARY, 2012
Identify and describe three measures or indicators of health and well-being. (6)
1. (i/d) Levels of satisfaction/positive mental health 2. (desc) You can be with life/your job/contentment
3. (i/d) Frequency of positive feelings
4. (desc) feeling good/positive /happy/positive mental health or lack of negative
feelings.
5. (i/d) The frequency of activities - how active you are
6. (desc) You get involved in sport/exercise
7. (i/d) How well you look after yourself
8. (desc) avoiding drugs/alcohol/smoking /having a good diet/following a balanced,
healthy lifestyle
9. (i/d) Self pride/how good you feel about yourself
10. (desc) you value yourself/self esteem/have a place in society
11. (i/d) Quality of friendships/number of friends you have
12. desc) How lonely you are/having support of others/socially healthy
13. (i/d) Health screening aspects
14. (desc) levels of blood pressure/cholesterol/BMI etc
15. (i/d) Levels of Confidence - levels stress/anxiety
16. (desc) If you feel able to do tasks effectively you will feel better about yourself
17. (i/d) Fitness tests
18. (desc) any desc of fitness tests/indicators eg cardiovascular test for fitness
19. (i/d) Good sleep
20. (desc) patterns - getting enough sleep or rest
21. (i/d) Questionnaires/PARQ / medical history
22. (desc) to find out your level of fitness or well-being
23. (i/d) Not being poor/in poverty
24. (desc) having enough money to look after yourself or to afford to go to the
gym/participate in a sports club.
25. (i/d) Environment/access to green space
26. (desc) Where you live/your surroundings are conducive to health and well-being.
Explain how over-eating can limit participation in physical activities (4)
1. Not fit enough to participate - carrying too much weight
to be involved in physical activities
2. Tiredness - lethargy/lack of motivation / laziness to
participate
3. Lack of mobility/speed - cannot move efficiently
4. Related health issues - such as diabetes etc may limit
participation
5. Feeling of embarrassment - low self-esteem/not wanting
to participate because of feeling hopeless/don’t feel
you’re any good / lack of confidence
6. The negative views of others /discrimination - others
may mock/bully/don’t think that you are any good.
7. Increased risk of injury therefore limits participation /
increase pressure on joints can lead to conditions such
as arthritis.
8. Short term effects of overeating such as sickness and
feeling bloated
Explain why older people may not participate in physical activities as much as other
age groups. (6)
1. Health reasons may stop them / illness / bones become
weaker / mental illness
2. Injury/disability/lack of mobility may prevent effective
movement
3. Lack of fitness so unable to be active / lack of energy
4. Lack of ability/skill so cannot do the activity
5. Lack of confidence/low self-esteem so give up easily
6. Other pressures from other interests/hobbies/ work so
unlikely to participate / family responsibilities
7. Lack of older role models to stimulate participation
8. Lack of appropriate facilities/equipment so cannot get
Involved
9.Lack of transport so unable to get to the facilities
10. Lack of money/low income/pension so cannot pay for
facilities or classes
12.
Lack of opportunities/teams to join or participate / age restrictions.
More females are getting involved in sport but males are still more likely to participate
in sport than females.
Give three reasons why some females are less likely than males to participate in
sport. (3)
1. (Some think that) sport is unfeminine/females not suite for sport/sport is too
masculine / some sports are traditionally male
2. (Some think that) sport involves physical strength/demands that females cannot
cope with/females not strong enough / fear of getting hurt
3. Prejudice/sexism by men/women against
participation/pressure from others not to be involved or lack of family/friends support
4. Not enough time/child rearing responsibilities make it difficult to find time
5. Not enough child care or crèche facilities
6. Not enough sports / clubs / teams for female participation
7. Media representation of sport is male dominated/lack of coverage of female sports
8. Too much emphasis on body image of female
participants - can lead to females feeling they cannot match these images/may be
embarrassed
9. Not enough female role models
10. Lack of privacy/appropriate facilities for some women/women whose culture /
religion expects/demands privacy do not have appropriate facilities.
12.
Pregnancy restricts activities
A well-balanced diet includes water and fibre.
Explain why water and fibre are important components of a balanced diet. (4)
1. (Water) Can carry nutrients
2. (Water) helps to remove waste products
3. (Water) helps to regulate body temperature/prevent
heat exhaustion
4. (Water) to replace lost fluid due to sweat/urine/to rehydrate
5. (Water) to help blood flow/reduce viscosity
6. (Water) to maintain efficient brain function /
concentration / prevents dizziness
7. (Fibre) essential for healthy bowel function/helps with
removing waste products
8. (Fibre) helps the digestive process
9. (Fibre) reduces bowel problems/constipation etc.
Explain, using practical examples, the benefits of an active and healthy lifestyle. (6)
(Benefits of being active)
1. Less prone to injury eg when you exercise less likely to strain a muscle
2. Components of physical fitness improving/keep fit eg increase your stamina
3. Not getting tired easily/offsets fatigue (could be
health)eg can ‘keep going’ all day without getting too tired
4. Mental health/feel good/happy/positive feelings (could be health) eg when you
exercise you often feel happier
5. Image/self esteem/confident/feel good about yourself (could be health) eg if I eat
well I will feel better
6. Enjoyment/as a hobby eg I go walking and this gives me something to do away
from work
7. Social/friendship eg I make friends at the gym
8. Sense of achievement eg I have learned basic skills in badminton.
(Benefits of being healthy)
9. Physical health/not getting ill/less prone to heart disease/other diseases eg I suffer
less from high blood pressure
10. Live longer
11. Can be active/get involved/keep doing physical activities/be good at an
activity/can cope with demands of everyday life (could be active) eg am able to join a
keep fit class in the evening
12. Avoids obesity/being overweight (could be active)
13. Avoids being underweight/anorexic (could be active).
JUNE 2012
17) Give an example of a protein rich food and explain why it is important as part of a
healthy lifestyle (3)
3 marks from:
1 mark sub max for eg of protein
1.
Example of a protein-rich food eg meat, fish, poultry
2 marks sub max for importance of protein
1.
Building blocks for body tissue/muscle / helps with growth/strength
2.
Essential for repair of body tissue
3.
Helps with production of haemoglobin / enzymes / hormones
4.
Potential source of energy/(can) provide energy
5.
As brain food/important for brain function
18) Describe the negative effects of illegal blood doping used for enhancing
performance (4)
4 marks from:
1. Infections from injection site / blood infection/contamination/allergic reaction/blood
illness / risk of AIDS
2. Increase in blood pressure/increase in blood viscosity
3. Strokes /blood clotting
4. Heart problems / heart attacks
5. Kidney failure / problems
6. Being banned from the sport / fined / punishment
7. Risk or ruin your reputation
8. Brings your activity into disrepute / lets other people down / it’s unfair/poor role
model/encourages cheating by others
9. Psychological problems / guilt
10. Addiction to cheating / can’t stop
23) Cardiovascular endurance or stamina is one component of fitness. Identify four
other components of fitness (4)
4 marks from:
1. Muscular endurance
2. Speed
3. Strength
4. Flexibility
Also accept:
1.
Agility
2.
Power
JANUARY 2013
19) The following are essential components of a healthy diet. Give a food example of
each and explain why each is important in following a healthy active lifestyle:
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats and Vitamins (4)
1. Carbohydrates–cereal/pasta etc–important for energy
2. Proteins–meat/fish etc–important for growth/repair/energy
3. Fats–meat/dairy etc–important for energy or insulation or protecting organs
4. Vitamins–Fruit/veg etc–important to combat disease or keeps you healthy.
22) Describe circuit training as a method of fitness training (4)
1. A series of different exercises or stations
2. Repetition of actions (at each station) or sets or repetition of circuit
3. Timing involved (of activities or circuit)
4. Use of resistance/body weight or weights or examples of activities such as
dips/press-ups/star jumps etc
5. Working different muscle groups/parts of body to avoid fatigue/injury
6. Can be skill based or examples of skills that can be incorporated eg footballers
dribbling skills followed by passing etc
7. Rest intervals between stations/circuits
8. Circuit training can work on specific muscle groups/activities/skills
9. Scores at the end can be related to time or duration and/or number of reps or
intensity/tracking progress over period of time
10. Has aerobic and anaerobic benefits or all-round fitness
11. Can be good for muscular endurance.
23) Identify three reasons why access to green space is important for your physical
and mental well being (3)
1. Have a sense of space/you are not feeling pent-up or claustrophobic or
overcrowded/stress relief /to escape/feel calmer or more reflective/feel happy
2. So that you have room to do physical activities or sports
3. Can go for walks/ running easily/exercise more easily
4. Good to look at/it is aesthetic
5. Gives a varied experience/varied landscape or environment
6. More likely to be less polluted/more fresh air.
7. (Often) free to use.
JUNE 2013
17) Describe four effects of over eating on performance (4)
1. Carrying too much weight or excess fat or obesity to be involved in physical
activities / lack of mobility / more likely to get injured/ strain on joints
2. (short term feelings) Tiredness/lethargy/ lack of energy/feel sick or ill/cramps/
stitch/ bloated that stops you performing
3. (longer term fitness effects) Not fit enough/ tire easily/lack of stamina or endurance
4. Lack of agility/speed/co-ordination/flexibility that makes moving quickly/effectively
difficult
5. Lack of motivation to get involved or to perform well
6. Related health issues (such as diabetes) may limit performance/strain on the
heart/ heart problems
7. Feeling of embarrassment/low self-esteem that stops you getting involved
8. The negative views of others/discrimination impedes your performance.
20) Describe three effects of using illegal steroids and three different effects of using
blood doping on performance in physical activities (6)
1. Keeps you healthy
2. This helps to keep appropriate BMI/maintain body weight/ live longer/combats
disease
3. Fitness (physiological/ any components)
4. This helps to keep CV fitness/strength/keep going/live longer/reduces risk of injury
5. Mental
6. Positive (self) image/self-esteem/(mental) well– being/confidence
7. Stress relief
8. Gives you something else to think about/is an escape from stressors/makes you
happier
9. Enjoyment/fun/make friends/social benefits
10. makes you happy/optimistic/new friends/become part of a team
11. As a hobby
12. an interest/as a contrast to work
13. As a job/profession
14. to gain money/materialistic benefits or example of job eg Football pro/PE teacher
15. To act as a role model for others
16. to influence others to become fit/healthy.
21) Describe five reasons for a young person to follow an active lifestyle (5)
1. Physical health/not getting ill/less prone to heart disease/other diseases
2. Less prone to injury
3. Live longer (because more healthy/less likely to be ill)
4. Components of physical fitness improving/keep fit
5. Mental health/feel happy/positive feelings/less stress/anxiety
6. Good self-image/self-esteem/confident/feel good about what you look like
7. For enjoyment/as a hobby
8. Social life increased/more likely to make friends
9. Peer pressure/ pressure from parents
10. Sense of achievement after participation
11. Be good at an activity/ learn new skills/ get into team
12. Not getting tired easily/offsets fatigue/can cope with demands of everyday life
13. Avoids obesity/being overweight
14. To copy a role model/ become a role model / someone who you look up to
15. As a profession/ job or to get money/a wage/ rewards/ qualifications.
OPPORTUNITIES, PATHWAYS AND PARTICIPATION
IN PE
SPECIMEN PAPER
20) How do schools promote an active, healthy lifestyle (6)
-
National curriculum
Examination courses
Teachers as role models
Coaching courses
Extra curricular activities
Sports teams
Links with clubs
Promotions and leaflets
Healthy eating days
25) Volunteering is one way young people follow a pathway of participation in
physical activities. Describe four other different pathways for involvement in physical
activity as a performer, coach or official (4)
-
Regular involvement
Taking part in school sport
Taking part in community sport
Taking a qualification to be a coach or an official
Train to get a high level
Making the involvement a career / job / paid
JANUARY, 2010
18) Describe the possible pathways of involvement in physical activities (6)
-
Regular involvement
Taking part in school sport
Taking part in community sport
Taking a qualification to be a coach or an official
Train to get a high level
Making the involvement a career / job / paid
PE lessons
Extra curricular
Refinement of skills
19) Identify two positive and two negative effects of the family on participation in
physical activities (4)
POSITIVE:
-
Personal support
Advice
-
Attendance at events
Transport
Participate themselves
Financial support
NEGATIVE:
-
Little support
Do not attend events
Poor role models
Little financial support
Obstruct participation
No transport
Push child too hard
20) Describe how schools influence young people to get involved in physical activity
as part of a healthy, active lifestyle (6)
-
National curriculum
Examination courses
Teachers as role models
Coaching courses
Extra curricular
Sports teams
Links with clubs
Promotions and leaflets
Healthy eating days
Outside coaches
Sports trips and visits
Sports days
Teach motor skills
Enjoyable
Equipment and facilities
Positive feedback
MAY 2010
20) Choose three activities and give two reasons why each has either a high, moderate
or low percentage participation (6)
Two marks sub max for each activity (x3):
- Suitable explanation for the level of participation, eg high participation in swimming
because of availability/access of swimming pools/easy for all ages/cheapness of
cycling/little equipment needed for football etc
- Second explanation for level of participation for same activity: swimming - eg the
importance of being able to swim for safety/survival/cycling easily learned/football
has huge media interest/role models etc
Possible answers for medium: Badminton indoor hall needed but fairly easy to get a
game going/lots of tennis courts in parks and recreational grounds but some clubs
are very exclusive etc
Possible answers for low: Cricket needs a decent ground to play
on/not many girls play cricket/skiing not suited for our climate etc
JANUARY, 2011
16) Give three reasons why a performer might participate in physical activities. (3)
Three marks for three from:
1.
Health-related/less likely to be ill
2.
Physical reasons/fitness/weight control/more energy
3.
Well-being/mental reasons/stress relief/self esteem/self confidence
4.
Image/to look good
5.
Enjoyment
6.
Social/friendship/meeting friends
7.
As a hobby/something to do/keep active/to achieve your goals
8.
To experience competition/to experience winning
9.
To develop skills/to get better at the activity/to perform everyday tasks better
10.
To copy role models/significant others/parents/friends/to please others
11.
As a vocation/profession/as a job/for money/tangible
rewards/cups/trophies/medals
12.
Availability of/good facilities
13.
It is compulsory in school/NC requirements
17) Regularly being involved in school and community sport is a pathway for
involvement in physical activities. Describe and give practical examples of two other
pathways for involvement in physical activities. (4)
Four marks for four from:
Marks for two pathways max with a description for each for four marks
Max of 2 marks per pathway
1.
Becoming a leader/coach/teacher
2.
Example – a tennis coach
3.
Becoming an official/referee/umpire
4.
Example – must give more than just referee/umpire etc for eg mark
5.
– a referee in football/becoming an umpire in hockey
6.
Being challenged more/being involved in increasingly complex/challenging
tasks
7.
Example – Training to improve in your track event
8.
Reaching the highest possible standard of involvement/get better/professional
9.
Example – Trying to get into the national team/county team
10.
Volunteering/helping
11.
Example – running activities for the local youth club
18) Describe why young people may give up participating in physical activities when
they leave school. (6)
Six marks for six from:
1.
Poor health/injury/medical reasons
2.
Disability
3.
Do not enjoy physical activities/had negative experiences at school with
physical activities/(perceived) lack of ability/can’t be bothered/lazy
4.
Other competing interests/social life/involved with social drugs/alcohol/other
hobbies/computer games/(part time) work too time-consuming/no time
5.
Discrimination by others
6.
Pressure from peers not to participate/no friends to participate with
7.
Cultural/religious reasons/frowned upon by others
8.
Lack of confidence/self esteem/feel embarrassed
9.
Lack of role model/parental support/encouragement
10.
Few opportunities/age limitations/lack of teams/facilities/lack of green
space/access (for disabled) lack of transport
11.
Lack of money/equipment
12.
Not compulsory (after 16)
MAY, 2011
Give four ways that disability might affect participation in physical activities.
four marks for four from:
1.
May have physical/health difficulties that limit performance/ lacks
strength/power/co-ordination /lacks fitness/prone to illness
2.
May have mental/cognitive difficulties that limit performance
3.
No/lack of suitable activities on offer / not many teams/ players available /
lack of opportunity
4.
No/lack of specialist coaches/teachers/lack of support
5.
Lack of role models/media coverage
6.
Limited access to facilities/no wheelchair access/no ramps
7.
Difficulties in transport/getting to use facilities
8.
Limited specialist equipment/resources/facilities for disability participation
9.
Others may discriminate against participation /getting picked on
10.
Feeling of helplessness/lack of confidence/low self-esteem/embarrassment
11.
Lack of money
Many people participate in physical activities but there are still those that do
very little exercise.
Explain the reasons why some people do not participate in physical activities.
Levels marked question
Level 1 (1-2 marks)
Candidates make only one or two valid points about non-participation and describes
only very superficially. No attempt at explanation.
There is little or no use of technical vocabulary and sentences have limited
coherence and structure.
There is much irrelevant material.
Errors in grammar, punctuation and spelling may be noticeable and intrusive.
Level 2 (3-4 marks)
Candidates make some valid points about non-participation with good knowledge
and understanding. Some attempt at explanation.
There is some use of technical vocabulary and sentences for the most part are
relevant and are coherent.
There are occasional errors in grammar, punctuation and spelling.
Level 3 (5-6 marks)
Candidates make many developed points about the non-participation.
Candidate demonstrates excellent knowledge and understanding of the factors
involved. Explanation clearly given.
Indicative content – (Explain the reasons that some people do not participate in
physical activities).
1.
Health reasons – physical/mental / overweight / unfit
2.
Age
3.
Disability
4.
Injury
5.
Negative past experiences
6.
Discrimination/prejudice/gender expectations / bullying
7.
Peer pressure
8.
Cultural barriers/expectations / religious beliefs
9.
The pressure of other interests/work/study/responsibilities at home/caring
responsibilities
10.
Technology makes life easy / lack of motivation/‘couch potato
syndrome’/sport on TV rather watched than played / can’t be bothered
11.
Lack of confidence/self esteem / poor body image/ (perceived) lack of ability
12.
Don’t see the point / don’t believe in the value of participation / waste of time /
lack of knowledge
13.
Don’t have to do it / PE not compulsory post 16
14.
Lack of a role model/parental support
15.
Lack of opportunity
16.
Lack of money/unemployment
17.
Lack of facilities/equipment
18.
Lack of transport
19.
Environmental influences/lack of green space
JANUARY, 2012
Identify three different pathways for involvement in physical activities. (3)
1. Participating (regularly) in activity
2. In PE lessons/NC/classes by participating/coaching/officiating in PE
3. Extra-curricular activities/clubs/school teams
4. Member of external (outside school) sports teams/exercise or gym clubs
5. Coaching or leading or teaching / organising an event
6. Officiating/judging in a physical activity
7. Starting off at basic level of activities/starting or learning a new activity or
starting/learning to coach/officiate
8. Refinement of skills/getting help and advice/being coached/practising / getting
better at skills
9. Getting to the next tier/level/representing county/moving up the performance
pyramid
10. Developing physical health/fitness/following a healthy lifestyle
11. Volunteering to help or get involved
12. As a career/professional or example of a professional
13. Getting qualifications/scholarship.
JUNE 2012
16) Identify three positive effects which the family can have on a person participating
in physical activities (3)
3 marks from:
1.
Encouragement/push you/motivating/wanting to please/setting
targets/reward/give confidence/ give personal support
2.
Give advice/educate you (about health and fitness)/provide healthy
diet/food/learn skills from parents
3.
Attend/watch events/ going to support them
4.
Provide transport/lifts to venue
5.
Get involved/participate themselves / show an interest in physical activities/
they are positive role models
6.
Give financial support/provide/buy equipment
24) Explain why it is important to follow an active, healthy lifestyle (4)
4 marks from:
1.
To enjoy yourself / be more positive / sense of achievement
2.
To get fit / to be able to exercise/everyday tasks for longer periods of time /
to keep going / not to get tired
3.
More physically effective / stronger / faster/ perform better
4.
Prevents/ reduces risk of injury
5.
Improve fitness of internal organs / stronger heart / lungs etc
6.
To be able to recover quicker / to need shorter rest intervals / to be more
active
7.
To live longer
8.
To be more resistant to disease / prevent illness/ keep healthy/avoid high
blood pressure etc
9.
To make friends / for socialising
10.
To feel better / have better self esteem / feel good about yourself / good wellbeing / less stress/mental health
11.
To maintain a healthy weight/toned/body image
12.
To grow / develop well / properly
13.
To gain better sleep patterns
25) Discuss why some young people do not participate in physical activities (6)
Indicative content
1. Poor health / fitness
2. Injury
3 Lack of money / poverty / unemployment
4 Rather watch than play or participate / sedentary lifestyle.
5 Disability makes it more difficult and therefore more likely to not participate
6 Do not enjoy physical activities / had negative experiences at school with physical
activities/PE / don’t have to do PE anymore / not compulsory
7 Other competing interests / social life/other hobbies/computer games
8 Not enough time / work too time-consuming / child care responsibilities
9 Discrimination by others/gender issues
10 Pressure from peers not to participate
11 Cultural reasons / frowned upon by others
12 Lack of confidence / self esteem
13 Lack of role models / parental support/encouragement
14 Few opportunities / facilities / equipment / access (for disabled)
15 Lack of awareness of opportunities / facilities
16 Lack of transport
JANUARY 2013
17) Using practical examples, describe four effects of age when performing physical
activities (4)
(Negative)
1. (Old age or very young) Can slow you down/lack of speed
2. (Old age or very young) Can be less flexible/mobile more stiff or have stiffer joints
(if older)
3. (Old age or very young) Can be mentally less sharp/unable to make (quick)
decisions or could be badly co-ordinated
4. Can be disabled because of old age or have arthritis or poor vision/hearing
5. (Old age or very young) Can have less stamina/energy/(cardiovascular) endurance
or won’t run as far
6. (Old age or very young) Can be weaker/have weaker muscles or bones
7. (Old age or very young) More prone to injury
8. Poor health
9. (Old age or very young) Can lack motivation
10. (Old age or very young) Less self esteem/feel embarrassed or uncomfortable or
lack of confidence (if related to performing)
12.
Can be discriminated against/peer pressure.
(Positive)
12. (at a certain age/level of maturity) You can understand things better/more
experience
13. Can be more determined
14. (After childhood) could be stronger or fitter or energetic or recover quicker.
20) Identify and explain three reasons why it is good to participate in physical
activities (6)
1. Keeps you healthy
2. This helps to keep appropriate BMI/maintain body weight/ live longer/combats
disease
3. Fitness (physiological/ any components)
4. This helps to keep CV fitness/strength/keep going/live longer/reduces risk of injury
5. Mental
6. Positive (self) image/self-esteem/(mental) well– being/confidence
7. Stress relief
8. Gives you something else to think about/is an escape from stressors/makes you
happier
9. Enjoyment/fun/make friends/social benefits
10. makes you happy/optimistic/new friends/become part of a team
11. As a hobby
12. an interest/as a contrast to work
13. As a job/profession
14. to gain money/materialistic benefits or example of job eg Football pro/PE teacher
15. To act as a role model for others
16. to influence others to become fit/healthy.
21) Volunteering is one way of getting involved in physical activities. Describe five
other ways of getting involved in physical activities (5)
1. Participating in dance/sport (not school or community based)
2. School participation /participating in PE
3. Community sport example or dance etc
4. Taking exams/gaining qualifications/doing a course related to physical activity–with
suitable description
5. As a leader or coach–with suitable description
6. As an official/referee–with suitable description
7. As an administrator–with suitable description
8. Trying to get better/improving in your performance– with suitable description
9. As a professional/as a job–with suitable description eg professional footballer.
10. Extra-curricular club/school team
11. Starting at a basic level
12. Developing health and fitness.
24) Explain how the family can have a negative influence on a whether a healthy
lifestyle is followed
1. They are your role models/they are significant to you so more likely to copy them
(for unhealthy habits)
2. They can discourage you from a healthy lifestyle or not provide
information/education /they do not support you or do not encourage you
3. If they are less active/unhealthy you are more likely to be/they do not exercise
4. They may not provide transport for you
5. They may not fund participation or a healthy lifestyle or they cannot afford to pay
for activities/equipment or healthy food
6. Genetic pre-disposition for being unhealthy
7. Poor diet.
26) Explain how a school curriculum might promote an active, healthy lifestyle (6)
Indicative content–
1. Teaching motor skills–examples – relating skills to participate in a number of
activities
2. teaching decision-making skills–examples
3. giving opportunities to participate in physical activities/pe lessons
4. link curriculum with extracurricular/ clubs/teams/sports days/trips
5. Wider aspects that enrich pupils’ experiences eg school canteen/food
6. give leadership/coaching opportunities
7. give officiating opportunities
8. gives qualifications/exams in pe
9. show/celebrate progress/gives health validity/high status
10. improves skills/leads to high levels of performance
11. encourages self-evaluation which can motivate
12. gives enjoyment/fun that promotes health
13. teaching about health and well-being/pshe lessons
14. role model teachers/other pupils which can inspire or enthuse
15. use of external coaches/expertise
16. has a variety of activities to maintain interest and to motivate–examples.