RESPIRATION
1.
2.
3.
Yeast respire anaerobically when there is a
A
high concentration of alcohol
B
low concentration of oxygen
C
high concentration of carbon dioxide
D
low concentration of sugar
The anaerobic respiration of one molecule of glucose results in
the net gain of
A
2 molecules of ATP
B
2 molecules of ADP
C
38 molecules of ATP
D
38 molecules of ADP
Which of the following shows the use of energy released from
the breakdown of glucose?
A
ATP + Pi  ADP
B
ADP + Pi  ATP
C
ATP  ADP + Pi
D
ADP  ATP + Pi
1
4.
The diagram below shows energy transfer within a cell.
Which line of the table below identifies correctly compounds X
and Y?
X
Y
A
glucose
ATP
B
glucose
ADP
C
ADP
ATP
D
ATP
glucose
2
5.
The diagram below illustrates an investigation of respiration in
yeast.
Lime water is an indicator which changes from clear to cloudy
in the presence of carbon dioxide.
The investigation was allowed to run for 24 hours.
Which line in the table below identifies correctly the
appearance of the lime water in tubes X and Y after 24 hours?
X
Y
A
clear
clear
B
cloudy
cloudy
C
clear
cloudy
D
cloudy
clear
3
6.
The energy values of different food materials are shown ion the
table.
Energy value
(kJ per gram)
Food
Glucose
4
Protein
4
Fat
9
How much energy is contained in a food sample consisting of 3
grams of glucose and 2 grams of fat?
A
17 kJ
B
21 kJ
C
30 kJ
D
35 kJ
4
7.
The diagram below shows the respiratory pathway in an animal
cell.
glucose
glycolysis
X
anaerobic
pathway
Y
Z
aerobic
pathway
Which line in the table below identifies correctly X, Y and Z?
X
Y
A
lactic acid
pyruvic
acid
B
carbon
dioxide and
water
pyruvic
acid
lactic acid
C
pyruvic
acid
carbon
dioxide
and water
lactic acid
D
pyruvic
acid
lactic acid
carbon
dioxide
and water
5
Z
carbon
dioxide
and water
8.
Respiration in yeast was investigated using the apparatus
shown below.
Which of the following changes to the investigation would cause
the yeast to respire more slowly?
A
Use cotton wool instead of a stopper
B
Do not add oil to the boiling tube
C
Change the indicator solution
D
Mix the yeast with water instead of glucose solution
6
9.
The bar chart shows the volume of blood supplied per minute to
the skeletal muscles and to other parts of the body of a healthy
male at rest and during strenuous exercise.
Key
blood to
muscles
blood to
other
parts of
the body
During exercise, the ratio of blood supplied to the muscles to
blood supplied to other parts of the body is
A
1:4
B
4:1
C
10 : 8
D
10 : 9
7
10.
(a) The diagram below shows part of an investigation into the
effect of adding three different concentrations of ATP
solution to three pieces of muscle.
Equal volumes of the ATP solutions were added to the
pieces of muscle.
The results are shown in the following table.
Concentration
of ATP
At start
solution
(mm)
(g per litre)
(i)
Length of muscle
After 10 Decrease Percentage
minutes
(mm)
decrease
(mm)
34.3
0.7
2
1
35
5
50
46
4
10
40
33
7
8
Calculate the percentage decrease in length of the
muscle with 10 g per litre ATP solution.
Copy and complete the table.
(ii)
In this experiment why it is necessary to use
percentage decrease in length in the comparison of
the results?
(iii) Explain why three different syringes should be used
in this investigation.
(b) Muscle cells use energy for contraction.
State one other cell activity that uses energy.
8
11.
The diagram below shows the apparatus used to investigate the
energy content of different foods. One gram of each food was
burned under a beaker containing 100 cm3 of water.
The temperature rise for each food was recorded.
The energy content of the foods was calculated using the
following equation.
energy content = temperature rise x 420 (joules/g)
The table below shows the results for the investigation.
Energy value
(joules/g)
Food
butter
10500
chicken
4200
bread
3400
margarine
10500
(a) Calculate the simple whole number ratio of the energy
content of chicken to that of butter.
9
11. Contd.
(b) Construct a bar graph of the results in the table.
(c) One gram of fish was also burned. The temperature rise
was 7.5oC. Calculate the energy content for fish using the
equation above.
(d) Slimmers may be advised to use margarine instead of
butter. Use the data in the table to suggest why this would
not aid weight loss.
10
12.
An investigation was carried out into the concentration of lactic
acid in the blood before, during and after a two minute period
of strenuous exercise.
The results are shown in the graph below.
(a) What was the concentration in mg/100 cm3 of lactic acid in
the blood ten minutes after the start of the exercise?
(b) Explain why the concentration of lactic acid in the blood
increased during and immediately after the strenuous
exercise.
(c) What caused the lactic acid concentration to decrease 15
minutes after the start of the exercise?
11
13.
The diagram below shows some steps in respiration in muscle
cells.
glucose
Process A
pyruvic acid
aerobic respiration
anaerobic respiration
Product B
Product D
+
+
Product C
molecules of ATP per
molecule of glucose
+
molecules of ATP per
molecule of glucose
(a)
Name Process A.
(b)
Name products B, C and D.
(c)
State the number of molecules of ATP produced from each
molecule of glucose by
(d)
(i)
aerobic respiration
(ii)
anaerobic respiration
Why might a muscle cell switch from aerobic to anaerobic
respiration?
12
14.
(a)
The experiment shown below was set up to demonstrate
aerobic respiration in peas that are germinating (starting to
grow).
After two days, the level of liquid had risen in tube Y but
had not risen in tube X.
(i)
Explain the purpose of A as a control in this
experiment.
(ii)
Predict the effect on the level of the liquid in tube Y if
a greater mass of peas is used.
13
14. Contd.
(b)
The following list contains some features of aerobic and
anaerobic respiration in germinating peas.
List
W
X
Y
Z
Does not use oxygen
Produces carbon dioxide
Yields 38 molecules of ATP per glucose molecule.
Produces ethanol
Copy and complete the table below by writing the letters
from the list in the correct columns.
Each letter may be used once or more than once.
Aerobic respiration in
germinating peas
14
Anaerobic respiration in
germinating peas
15.
The diagram below shows the main stages of aerobic respiration.
Glucose
Stage 1
ATP
Pyruvic acid
Stage 2
X
Hydrogen
Water
ATP
Y
(a)
Name Stage 1.
(b)
Name substances X and Y.
(c)
Which substance shown in the diagram is the source of the
energy used to synthesis ATP?
(d)
Copy and complete the following word equation which
represents the syntheses of ATP.
+
+ energy
ATP
(e)
How many molecules of ATP are produced per glucose
molecule during each of Stage 1 and Stage 2.
(f)
During aerobic respiration some energy is lost from the
cell. In what form is this energy?
15
16.
The diagram below represents an animal cell that is
respiring aerobically.
aerobic respiration
occurs in the cell
raw materials
enter the cell
wastes leave
the cell
Describe the two stages of aerobic respiration.
Include the name of the raw materials and the products of the two
stages.
16
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
16.
17.
18.
Products of the photolysis stage of photosynthesis are
A
glucose and hydrogen
B
carbon dioxide and hydrogen
C
water and oxygen
D
hydrogen and oxygen
Which of the following are all limiting factors in photosynthesis?
A
Carbon dioxide concentration, temperature and light
intensity.
B
Carbon dioxide concentration, oxygen concentration and
light intensity.
C
Oxygen concentration, temperature and light intensity.
D
Oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide concentration and
temperature.
Which line in the table below identifies the best conditions for
the production of early crops?
Added factor
Light intensity
A
oxygen
high
B
oxygen
medium
C
carbon dioxide
medium
D
carbon dioxide
high
17
19.
20.
21.
What must be present in leaf cells for photosynthesis to take
place?
A
carbon dioxide and water
B
oxygen and water
C
carbon dioxide and oxygen
D
oxygen and hydrogen
The word equation for photosynthesis is
A
carbon dioxide + water  glucose + oxygen
B
oxygen + water  glucose + carbon dioxide
C
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water
D
carbon dioxide + oxygen  glucose + water
Plants compete mainly for
A
water, light and soil nutrients
B
water, food and soil nutrients
C
light, water and food
D
light, food and soil nutrients
18
22.
23.
ATP synthesised during photolysis provides the carbon fixation
stage of photosynthesis with
A
glucose
B
carbon dioxide
C
energy
D
hydrogen
Photolysis is the
A
combining of water with carbon dioxide
B
use of water by chlorophyll to split light
C
release of energy from water using light energy
D
splitting of water using light energy
19
24.
The table below shows the rate of photosynthesis by a plant
measured at different light intensities.
Light intensity
(kilolux)
Rate of photosynthesis
(units)
10
2
20
27
30
51
40
73
50
82
What change in light intensity produces the greatest increase in
the rate of photosynthesis?
An increase in light intensity from
A
10 to 20 kilolux
B
20 to 30 kilolux
C
30 to 40 kilolux
D
40 to 50 kilolux
20
25.
The bar chart below shows the number of cells of different
lengths in a sample of onion epidermis.
Number
of cells
Length of cell (micrometres)
The percentage of cells with a length greater than 55
micrometres is
A
10%
B
15%
C
20%
D
30%
21
26.
The diagram below shows an investigation into photosynthesis.
Which of the following statements is correct?
A
P, Q and R make food
B
only P and Q make food
C
only P makes
D
only R makes food
22
27.
The diagram below shows the carbon fixation stage of
photosynthesis.
ATP
X
carbon dioxide
glucose
Y
Which line in the table correctly identifies X and Y?
X
Y
A
hydrogen
starch
B
starch
ADP
C
starch
oxygen
D
water
starch
23
28.
The graph below shows the effect of increasing light intensity on
the rate of photosynthesis.
Rate of
photosynthesis
(bubbles of
oxygen
released
per minute)
Light intensity (units)
Which factor is limiting the rate of photosynthesis at point X on
the graph?
A
carbon dioxide concentration
B
temperature
C
light intensity
D
oxygen concentration
24
29.
The graph below shows the effect of temperature on the rate of
photosynthesis in a plant.
Rate of
photosynthesis
10
15
Temperature (oC)
A correct conclusion would be that
A
as the temperature increases, the rate of photosynthesis
increases
B
as the temperature increases, the rate of photosynthesis
decreases
C
as the temperature increases, the rate of photosynthesis
remains constant
D
as the temperature decreases, the rate of photosynthesis
increases
25
30.
The following stages occur during photosynthesis.
W
X
Y
Z
glucose is formed
water is broken down to produce hydrogen
glucose is converted to starch
hydrogen is combined with carbon dioxide
The correct order for these stages is
A
W Z X Y
B
Z Y X W
C
X Z W Y
D
Y X Z W
26
31.
An experiment was carried out to investigate the growth of pea
plants kept in a high light intensity following germination.
The graph shows the average shoot length of the pea plants.
During which 5 day period is there the greatest increase in
average shoot length?
A
Day 10 – 15
B
Day 15 – 20
C
Day 20 – 25
D
Day 25 – 30
27
32.
The diagram below shows the internal structure of a leaf.
During the hours of daylight, the concentration of carbon dioxide
in the air spaces is higher than in the cells of layer X.
Explain why this difference in concentration is important to the
leaf cells.
28
33.
The rates of photosynthesis and respiration in a green plant were
measured over a period of 24 hours.
The results are shown in the graph below.
Key
photosynthesis
respiration
(a)
(i)
At what time was the production of glucose at its
maximum?
(ii)
Between what two times was the plant producing
more oxygen than it was using?
(b)
What substance traps the light energy required for
photosynthesis?
(c)
The diagram below represents a summary of part of the
process of photosynthesis.
ATP + hydrogen
Reaction
X
Substance Y
glucose
Substance Z
(structural
component of
cell walls?
Name the following:
Reaction X;
Substance Y;
29
Substance Z
34.
(a)
Lettuces may be grown in ‘tunnels’ covered in clear
polythene as shown in the diagram below.
(i)
Give two reasons why the use of clear polythene may
result in the lettuces being ready for cropping earlier.
(ii)
Air rich in carbon dioxide can be passed through
these tunnels.
Explain how this would make lettuces grow faster.
30
34. Contd.
(b)
The graph below shows how the rate of photosynthesis is
affected by light intensity at different concentrations of
carbon dioxide.
(i)
What factor was limiting the rate of photosynthesis at
points 1 and 2?
(ii)
Name one other factor that may limit the rate of
photosynthesis.
31
35.
(a)
A scientist grew some cereal plants in a field.
During the course of the day, she removed 2 plants every 4
hours and measured the concentrations of sugar in the
leaves of the plants.
The results are shown in the table below.
Sugar concentration
(percentage of dry mass)
Time of day
(hours)
Sample 1
Sample 2
Average
0400
0.42
0.48
0.45
0800
0.58
0.62
0.60
1200
1.46
2.04
1.75
1600
1.57
2.43
2.00
2000
1.05
1.75
1.40
2400
0.49
0.51
0.50
Present the results in an appropriate format on a grid.
(b)
The following word equation shows the first stage of
photosynthesis.
light energy
water
oxygen + hydrogen + ATP
(i)
Name this stage of photosynthesis.
(ii)
Describe what happens to each of the following
products.
(a)
(b)
(c)
oxygen
hydrogen
ATP
32
36.
(a)
Some students were asked to design an investigation to
compare the rate of production of oxygen gas by two
different species of water plant.
The diagrams below show the proposed procedure.
Identify two changes to the procedure that should be made
to ensure that a valid conclusion can be made.
(b)
When changes were made to ensure validity, the following
results were obtained.
Plant
Total volume of Rate of oxygen
oxygen produced
production
3
in8 minutes (cm ) (cm3/minute)
P
64
Q
96
8
(i)
Calculate the rate of oxygen production for Plant Q.
(ii)
Calculate the ratio of oxygen produced by Plant P to
that produced by Plant Q.
33
36. Contd.
(c)
The volume of oxygen produced was measured at time
intervals of one minute.
The results for Plant Q are shown in the line graph below.
Describe what happens to the volume of oxygen produced
per minute as the investigation proceeds.
(d)
The diagram below shows the first stage of photosynthesis.
light energy
Stage 1
water
hydrogen
oxygen
(i)
Name the substance which captures the light energy
needed at Stage 1.
(ii)
The energy is used to split water molecules.
What name is given to this process?
(iii) The hydrogen the combines with carbon dioxide to
form glucose.
Name this second stage in photosynthesis.
34
37.
(a)
A horticulturist grew a crop of peas in a polythene tunnel.
State two conditions that could limit the rate of
photosynthesis in the pea plants.
(b)
The graph below shows the mass of sugar in the leaves and
the concentration of carbon dioxide just above the pea
plants at different times of the day.
concentration of carbon dioxide above the leaves
mass of sugar in the leaves
(i)
For how many hours did the carbon dioxide
concentration decrease?
(ii)
Explain this decrease in carbon dioxide
concentration.
(iii) Explain why the mass of sugar in the leaves is as its
maximum at 1600.
35
37. Contd.
(iv) Calculate the percentage increase in sugar in the
leaves between 0400 and 1600.
(v)
Give two reasons why the mass of sugar decreases
between 2000 and 0000.
36
38.
Groups of students carried out an investigation into the effects of
competition.
Trays containing seeds were set up as shown below.
The trays were watered regularly to allow germination to take
place.
After several days the seedlings were observed and the number
with healthy green leaves was noted.
The results are shown in the table below.
Number of seeds
in each tray
Number of
seedlings with
healthy green
leaves
Percentage of
seedlings with
healthy green
leaves
15
12
80
30
18
60
45
23
51
60
24
40
(i)
Predict the percentage of seedlings with healthy green
leaves if 75 seeds were sown in a seed tray.
(ii)
State two factors for which the seedlings could be
competing in this investigation.
37
39.
(a)
An experiment was set up to measure the effect of light
intensity on the rate of photosynthesis in the water plant.
Elodea.
The light intensity was varied using a dimmer switch on the
bulb.
The rate of photosynthesis was measured by counting the
number of bubbles released per minute.
(i)
Name the gas collected.
(ii)
The results of the experiment are shown in the table
below.
Light intensity
(units)
Rate of photosynthesis
(number of bubbles per minute)
1
2
3
10
5
23
8
45
10
45
12
45
38
39. Contd.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(ii) Contd.
(A)
On a grid, plot a line graph to show rate of
photosynthesis against light intensity.
(B)
Using the data in the table, explain the results
obtained at light intensities greater than 8 units.
There are two reactions in photosynthesis. The first
reaction is photolysis.
(i)
Name the two substances produced by photolysis that
are required for the second reaction.
(ii)
Name the second reaction.
Plant cells convert glucose into other carbohydrates.
Copy and complete the table below by naming two of these
carbohydrates.
Role of carbohydrate
in plant cells
Name of carbohydrate
Storage as an insoluble
material
Forms cell walls
40.
The rate of photosynthesis is limited by certain environmental
factors.
Name two limiting factors and describe how the growth of
greenhouse plants in winter can be increased.
39