Classify the following examples as either classical
conditioning (CC) or operant conditioning(OC).
1.
Because taking exams in the past has always led
to failure and humiliation, Sam gets nervous and
nauseous whenever the teacher announces that they’re
about to take a quiz.
2.
To make quizzes less anxiety producing, Sam has
learned to study regularly, which pays off in better
quiz performance and grades.
3.
As a result of his better study habits, Sam now
can spend weekends doing things he likes.
X --------> Y
In the
paradigm on the left what do the letters in
questions
4 and 5 represent?
CS ------->
Z
A. the
unconditioned stimulus
B.
the
C.
the
D.
the
unconditioned response
conditioned stimulus
conditioned response
4.
The letter Z in the above paradigm represents:
5.
The letter X in the above paradigm represents:
6.
If the paradigm above were used to represent
Pavlov’s famous experiment, which of the following
would be represented by the letter Y?
Match the following examples to the procedures listed
in questions 7 and 8,
A. If the sight of violence used to evoke a feeling of
fear and revulsion in kids, their constant exposure to
violence on tv, which they realize is not real and
can’t hurt them, may eventually cause them to not feel
fear when they see violence portrayed or in real life.
B. We can get people to stop smoking if we put
something in their cigarettes that makes them sick.
C. To cure people of a fear of flying, there are
programs that use mental visualizations that gradually
bring them closer and closer to the actual flight
experience without allowing them to panic. Eventually
their fears are replaced with relaxation.
D. Probably the best way to get rid of a fear is to
face up to it and plunge ahead with whatever is making
you afraid.
7.
Which of the above shows the procedure of
extinction as described in classical conditioning?
8.
Which of the above shows the procedure of
systematic desensitization in classical conditioning?
9.
Which of the above shows the procedure of
counterconditioning in classical conditioning?
10.
Which of the following examples is based on the
concept of shaping in operant conditioning?
Classify each of the following examples as positive
reinforcement (PR) or negative reinforcement (NR) or
punishment (P). The person being reinforced or
punished is underlined.
11.
When students in the class started whispering to
one another, the teacher gave them a warning look,
which resulted in them being quiet and allowed her to
go back to the lesson.
12.
Clients who successfully complete a whole series
of therapy sessions without reverting to maladaptive
behavior receive a free relaxation tape of their
choice.
13.
I try to ask questions in class, but the
instructor is very critical of me when I do.
14.
Each time her client arrives for the appointment
prepared to begin working immediately, the therapist
begins the session with a fun activity.
15.
Every time I buy a lottery ticket, all that
happens is I lose money, so I stopped.
Classify each of examples of reinforcement in questions
14 through 16 as one of the following:
A.
Primary reinforcement
B.
Social reinforcement
C.
Premack reinforcement
16.
Being told by a favorite teacher that they were
well-behaved while attending a concert was very
effective in reinforcing younger students.
17.
Really young children respond better when there
are edible treats involved in the reinforcement
procedure.
18.
Teenagers are more reinforced if their work
results in more free time to spend with their friends.
19.
Students soon learn that if the instructor
signals she is ready to begin the lesson, they have to
settle down. Otherwise they are allowed to talk and
move around the room as they please. This has probably
come about through what process?
20.
In thinking about what makes reinforcement more
effective, which of the following qualities does the
textbook stress as the most critical?
21.
Which of the following punishment procedures
would be most beneficial in the long run?
22.
From the perspective of the teacher, why is
punishment a dangerous practice?
23.
Which aspect of operant conditioning does the use
of instructional objectives relate to most closely?
In the following matrix, which letter represents the
two processes in items 24 and 25?
The
stimulus is positive
The stimulus is negative
The stimulus is presented
W
X
The stimulus is removed
Y
Z
A.
positive reinforcement
B.
negative reinforcement
C.
punishment
24.
The correct term for cell Y is:
25.
The correct term for cell Z is:
Indicate which motivation theory is represented by each
statement on the right. Theories can be used more than
once.
A. Drive theory
adolescents, friendships are the most
15.
For some
important force in their choices.
B. Needs theory
Needs theory
B.
16.
It is
important that students recognize when
C. Expectancy/value theory
made choices that resulted in bad
they have
outcomes.
D. Attribution theory
Attribution theory
D.
17. Students who fail to eat a good breakfast will
spend their time thinking about lunch.
18. Students need to understand why a particular task
must be done.
19. Teacher praise is a very effective strategy with
kids who don’t get much praise at home.
20.
Which of the following instructional settings is
depending on extrinsic motivators to encourage students
to do their work?
21.
When is heightened emotion likely to enhance
performance rather than being debilitating?
22.
Which of the following statements would be most
true of the “new” theories of motivation?
24.
Which of the following students is engaging in
self-handicapping?
25.
Which of the following students is engaging in
defensive pessimism?
Andrea has a terrible fear of public speaking, which
causes her to freeze and forget what she wanted to say.
However, she also wants very much to be in politics,
which means she will have to make a lot of public
speeches in the upcoming race to be the student
association president. She has come to your clinic to
get some help in overcoming this terrible problem so
she can finally run for office successfully. Describe
two procedures you would implement for her, one based
on classical conditioning and one on operant
conditioning. (10 points)
The procedure based on classical conditioning
techniques:
Name the target behavior you choose
to modify
Describe the procedure you would use.
How does your procedure related to
classical conditioning?
The procedure based on operant conditioning
techniques:
Name the target behavior you choose
to modify
Describe the procedure you would use.
How does your procedure related to
operant conditioning?