Cardiovascular Fitness Essay – Final ISU
Write a paper on cardiovascular fitness that is informative and useful for the health of others.
When most people think of physical fitness, things like running, team sports, yoga, Pilates and power walking
come to mind. All of these activities involve cardiovascular fitness, or the ability of the circulatory and
respiratory systems to supply oxygen throughout continuous physical activity, according to the President's
Council on Physical Fitness and Sports. Cardiovascular fitness offers you a wealth of topics to write about for a
paper, from using cardiovascular fitness for endurance training with a specific goal, or the benefits of
cardiovascular fitness in preventing disease or the benefits of cardiovascular fitness on perception of selfesteem and self-worth.
Instructions
1. Make a list of all the issues that interest you and which relate to cardiovascular fitness. For example,
issues like cardiovascular fitness and life expectancy or cardiovascular fitness and Olympic athletes are
all valid sub-topics. Alternatively, you can make a list of issues which pertain to this topic, which you
don't understand and require further research.
2. Research the issue pertaining to cardiovascular fitness that interests you the most. Write down your
discoveries, as well as subjects within this issue of cardiovascular fitness that interest you most. For
example, if you decided to research cardiovascular fitness for weight loss, you might be interested in
biological reasons that such exercise helps an individual lose weight. Alternatively, you might be
interested in the most effective forms of cardiovascular fitness for weight loss.
3. Reread your research and construct an argument based on the area that interests you the most. This
argument will become your thesis statement. Your thesis statement should be specific and present a
topic that is open to debate. For example, you might write that cardiovascular fitness is a suitable
preventative method for heart disease.
4. Write an introductory paragraph where you discuss the issue that your paper is about, concluding with
your thesis. You may choose to start this paper with a quote from a doctor, athlete or other expert who
works directly in the field of cardiovascular fitness. Starting with a quote gives your paper instant
credibility and engages the reader.
5. Start your second, third and following paragraphs with your strongest arguments and facts which
support your thesis. All this information will come from the research you've already done. For example,
if your thesis is about how cardiovascular fitness benefits mental as well as physical health, you could
start a paragraph stating the cognitive health benefits of older adults who engage in cardiovascular
fitness.
6. Conclude your paper by restating your thesis on cardiovascular fitness. Touch briefly upon the points
you've made, summarizing your paper with a meaningful statistic which supports your thesis.
Alternatively you could end your paper with a quote or relevant anecdote.
7. Must include a proper Works Cited page – use of BibFree.com is recommended and easily used. (
Note: Include your rough notes
Cummings, Lane. "How to Write a Paper on Cardiovascular Fitness." EHow. Demand Media, 15 May 2011.
Web. 04 June 2014
Rubric for the Assessment of the Essay
Points
INTRODUCTION
Background/
History
Problem
Definition
Thesis Statement
10-9
The well-developed
introduction engages the
readers. It contains
detailed background
information, develops a
significant and compelling
position, and a clear
explanation or definition
of the problem. Finally, it
creates interest in the
topic.
The well-formed,
perceptive, and properly
placed thesis statement
clearly states the writer’s
position.
8-7
The satisfactory
introduction contains
some background
information, uses a
technique for creating
interest, develops a
clearly stated position,
and states the problem,
using sufficient details.
The clear and properly
placed thesis statement
obviously states the
writer’s position.
6-5
4-0
Introduction does not
adequately explain the
background of the
problem nor does the
writer attempt to create
interest. The problem is
stated, but lacks detail.
The introduction is
evident, but position may
not be clearly stated.
Writer does not attempt
to create interest.
Background details are a
seemingly random
collection of information,
unclear, or not related to
the topic. The problem is
not stated or it is vague.
Introduction is vague or
fails to establish a position
that responds to the topic.
The thesis statement is
present; however, it does
not clearly state the
writer’s position and/or it
is improperly placed.
The thesis statement is
vague/unclear, improperly
placed, and/or does not
clearly state the writer’s
position; thus making the
text difficult or impossible
to follow.
0—no thesis statement OR
introduction not
developed or missing.
MAIN POINTS
Body Paragraphs
Refutation
Main points are well
developed and directly
related to the thesis. The
supporting details are
concrete and so rich that
the readers learn by
reading the essay. The
writer is obviously
comfortable with his/her
material and knows
enough about the subject
to explain it in great
detail.
Support uses appropriate
patterns of development
and style. Each aspect
relates to thesis, providing
coherence and continuity.
ORGANIZATION
Structure
Transitions
Main points are present
and directly related to the
thesis, but one or more
may lack enough detail
and development. Yet, the
essay is worthwhile
reading. The writer knows
his/her material well
enough to clearly explain
it.
Patterns of development
used for support and the
style are not necessarily
appropriate. Each aspect
of argument is present,
but the writer may not
have shown connection to
thesis.
Main points are present,
but one or more may lack
development and/or may
not directly relate to the
thesis. The essay
minimally meets the
requirements of the
assignment and contains
sufficient details to make
the overall point clear, but
it leaves the reader with
unanswered questions.
Support for argument is
logical, but pattern of
development and style is
simplistic. Some aspects
of argument do not relate
to thesis.
IF REFUTATION is
REQUIRED: Refutation
acknowledges the
opposing view and argues
it completely and logically.
IF REFUTATION IS
REQUIRED: Refutation
acknowledges the
opposing view and argues
it logically, but not
necessarily completely.
IF REFUTATION IS
REQUIRED: Refutation
acknowledges the
opposing view, but does
not argue it logically or
completely.
Logical, compelling
progression of ideas in
essay; clear structure
which enhances and
showcases the central
idea or theme and moves
the reader through the
text. Organization flows
so smoothly the reader
hardly thinks about it.
Overall, the paper is
logically developed.
Progression of ideas in
essay makes sense and
moves the reader easily
through the text.
Progression of ideas in
essay is awkward, yet
moves the reader through
the text without too much
confusion. The writer
sometimes lunges ahead
too quickly or spends too
much time on details that
do not matter.
Effective, mature, graceful
transitions exist
throughout the essay.
Strong transitions exist
throughout and add to the
essay’s coherence.
Transitions appear
sporadically, but not
equally throughout essay.
The main points are not
sufficient. There is a
poor/skimpy/ vague
development of ideas and
a weak or nonexistent link
to the thesis.
Body is too brief to
develop a convincing
argument; exhibits no
style. Essay lacks focus
and tends to wander.
IF REFUTATION IS
REQUIRED: Refutation is
missing or vague.
Arrangement of essay is
unclear and illogical. The
writing lacks a clear sense
of direction. Ideas, details
or events seem strung
together in a loose or
random fashion; there is
no identifiable internal
structure and readers
have trouble following the
writer’s line of thought.
Few, forced transitions in
the essay or no transitions
are present.
Points
MECHANICS
AND STYLE
Sentence
Structure
Punctuation
Capitalization
Spelling
Diction
Sentence
Variety
10-9
8-7
Mature writing is smooth,
skillful, and coherent
throughout the essay.
Writing is smooth and
coherent throughout most
of the essay.
Writing lacks flow to
achieve coherence
throughout the essay.
Sentences are well built
with strong and varied
structure that invites
expressive oral reading.
Most sentences are varied
in length and style, with
an occasional (1 or 2)
repetition of sentence
beginnings or a number of
consecutive sentences of
the same length or type.
The sentence structure is
generally correct, though
some awkward sentences
do appear.
Work contains some
sentence errors (2 or 3)
and grammatical errors.
Many consecutive
sentences begin with the
same words, are of the
same length or the same
sentence construction; the
sentences hang together,
and get the job done in a
routine fashion.
Diction is mostly at the
college level, but may
have some examples of
unsophisticated or
poor/incorrect word
choices.
Diction is very elementary
and lacks flair.
Diction is at a college level
or the appropriate level
for the audience.
Punctuation, spelling, and
capitalization are correct.
Virtually error free
There are one or two
errors in punctuation,
spelling, capitalization
and/or other mechanics.
Few, if any, errors distract
the reader from the text.
Points
CONCLUSION
WORKS CITED
6-5
There are three or four
errors in punctuation,
spelling, capitalization,
and/or other mechanics.
4-0
Writing is incoherent.
Work contains multiple
incorrect sentence
structures (more than 3).
Diction is elementary
and/or inappropriate, and
often writing is awkward
due to many examples of
poor/incorrect word
choice.
There are more than 4
errors in punctuation,
spelling, capitalization,
and/or other mechanics.
Errors are beyond
distracting; they make the
essay difficult to follow
and unacceptable for
college-level writing.
Errors are distracting;
however, the reader can
still follow the basic
intentions of the writer.
5
4
3
2-0
Powerful conclusion wraps
up point and goes beyond
restating the thesis/
introduction. Conclusion
summarizes the main
topics without repeating.
The writer's commentary
is logical, well thought
out, and compelling.
Conclusion effectively
summarizes main topics
and goes beyond restating
the thesis/introduction.
Conclusion may lack a
compelling aspect.
Conclusion summarizes
main topics, but is
repetitive. Conclusion may
end abruptly or simply
restate the position
Conclusion does not
adequately summarize the
main points.
All source material is used
and smoothly integrated
into the text. All
sources are accurately
documented and in the
desired format on the
Works Cited page.
All source material is
used. All sources are
accurately documented,
but a few are not in the
desired format on the
Works Cited page.
All sources are relevant
and reliable.
0—no conclusion
Most sources are relevant
and reliable.
Most source material is
used, but integration may
be awkward. All sources
are accurately
documented, but many
are not in the desired
format on the Works Cited
page. Some sources are
relevant and reliable.
Lacks sources and/or
sources are not accurately
documented. Incorrect
format is used.
Sources are not relevant
nor reliable.
Comments:
Intro
Main Points
Organization
Mechanics
Conclusion
Works Cited
/10
/10
/10
/10
/5
/5
Total
/50