GRADUATE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC AND INTERNATIONAL
AFFAIRS
Prof. Louis A. Picard, Instructor
PIA 2574
AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT SEMINAR
Course Syllabus
Room: 3L51 Posvar Hall
Time: Tuesday, 9:00-12:00
Office Hours: Tuesday and Wednesday: 12:30-2:30
Office: 3R26 Posvar Hall
Office Phone: 412- 648-7659
Research Office: 412-260-9709
E-mail: Picard@pitt.edu
1
The violence, hunger and poverty of Africa that are often described in our newspapers (on
the bottom right-hand corner of the third section of your daily newspaper after the sports)
do not exist in a vacuum. They are the products of historical and social forces that go
back a number of centuries and also reflect current day world divisions about race, gender
and culture.. In this course we will look at the origins of these forces and their
consequences as they affect Sub-Saharan Africa. Of particular importance is the question:
is there a "new" Africa in terms of governance and economic and social development?
The purpose of this course is to destroy myths. It is to get course participants to start
thinking and talking about the causes of poverty and underdevelopment and to stimulate
an interest in a part of the world which is very far away from and very different from the
United States. It is an ambitious course in that it will require participants to have an ability
to read and digest (as well as think about) a large amount of material in a short period of
time. Every effort has been made to assign material that is clearly and interestingly written.
However, there will be many concepts and terms that are not immediately familiar to you.
If so write them down and ask about them in class. In tackling the reading, take your time
with it, re-read and ask questions of your colleagues and of the course instructor.
This course will be a mixture of lecture, presentation and discussion. Hopefully it will be
structured and informal at the same time. Feel free to interject comments and raise
questions at any point during the class. Generally, the first hour of class will be devoted to
an informal lecture on the topic of the week. Following the break we will spend the
remainder of the class discussing the reading for that week or listening to syndicate
presentations. This format assumes that all class participants will have completed their
reading in advance of the week's class.
Methodology: You should note that no two persons in this class will read exactly the same
material. All students should read the SIX books listed below as they are assigned as well
as at least two of the novels and the short stories. Other assigned reading will be divided
up among members of your syndicate groups for use in presentations, discussion and
research reports. Note: From time to time, I may hand out specialized readings upon
request.
Assignments: Details on these assignments will be provided at a later point. The following
will make up each grade:
1. Weekly Group based discussion: 10-15 minute discussion session managed by
the geographical groups. (20%)
2. Regional Group Oral Presentation and Regional Papers: Each group will
"manage" one session of class including a formal group presentation. A well
written group paper (30-40 pages) will be turned in at the end of the
semester.(35%)
2
3. Final Take Home Paper. There will be a final paper which is based upon the
readings in the course. This is not a research course but is designed so that
the student can make use of the reading assigned in this class. Questions will
be provided one week before the last class. Papers will be judged on their
quality and their creative use of the reading materials assigned in the following
pages. (45%)
For the group papers it is expected that preparation will include library research. The use of
the internet is authorized, with caution. For individual papers, even though it is not a
research paper, full citations are expected.
Reading: All Books and articles are available on reserve in the library For your
convenience some have also been ordered through the bookstore. I would suggest not
buying books until you have met with your groups and discussed the division of work
assignments. Please note that it is more economical to order books through an internet
site such as amazon.com than from a retail outlet. Students are encouraged to share
books with other members of the class.
Required Books: All students are required to read each of the six books listed below. All
books are in paperback.
Robert Bates, Markets and States in Tropical Africa (Berkeley: University of California
Press, 1984 or latest addition- Paperback).
Michael Bratton and Nicolas van de Walle, Democratic Experiments in Africa: Regime
Transitions in Comparative Perspective (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
Paperback
Naomi Chazam, Robert Mortimer, John Ravenhill, Donald Rothchild, Politics and Society in
Contemporary Africa (Boulder: Lynne Reiner Publishers, 1992).
Walter Rodney, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa (Washington, D.C.: Howard University
Press, 1972 or latest addition).
William Tordoff, Government and Politics in Africa (Bloomington: Indiana University Press,
1997).
Crawford Young, The African Colonial State in Comparative Perspective (New Haven:
Yale University Press, 1994).
Novels. Students are required to read at least two of the following Books> Ousmane,
Vassanji and Achebe’s Man of the People are assigned. If you choose one of the other
books read them in tandem with the above novel assignments.
3
Sembene Ousmane, God's Bits of Wood (New York: Anchor Books, 1994). (Francophone)
Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart (New York: Anchor, 1994) (Colonial)
Chinua Achebe, A Man of the People (New York: Anchor Books, 1967). (Anglophone
West Africa)
M. G. Vassanji, The Gunny Sack (London: Heinemann, 1989). (East Africa).
Nadine Gordimer, Burger’s Daughter (New York: Viking Press, 1980)
Ngugi wa Thiong'o, Weep Not Child (New York and London: Heinemann, 1988).
4
Class Schedule
January 6-
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
January 13- PRE-COLONIAL AFRICA AND THE ORIGINS OF COLONIAL RULE
Young, Colonial State, Chapters 1-3
Richard Rive, "No Room in Solitaire," in Richard Rive Quartet
Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart, Part II, Chapters 14-25
Leonard, Chapter 1-2
Chazan, et. al., Chapter 3
Tordoff, Chapter 2
Rodney, Chapter 1
Oliver and Fage, Chapters 6-9
Hargreaves, Chapters 1-4
January 20- THE IMPACT OF COLONIALISM AND NATIONALISM
General:
Bratton and van de Walle, Chapter 1
Young, Colonial State, Chapters 4-6
Ousmane, pp. 1-54
Young, "The African Colonial State and its Legacy," in
Rothchild and Chazam, Precarious Balance, pp. 25-66.
Markovitz, Power and Class, Chapters 1-3
Chazan, et. al., Chapter 2
Tordoff, Chapter 1 and 3
Rodney, Chapters 2-3
Davidson, Africa, Chapters 7-8
Francophone:
Sylvain Bemba,"The Dark Room," From Charles R. Larson, African Short
Stories, PP. 85-101.
Martin Staniland, "Nationalism and Communal Partisanship: ...Bongouanou,
Ivory Coast," in Allen and Johnson
Yansane, Chapter I
Hargreaves, Chapters 5-8
Michael Crowder, "Indirect Rule-French and British Style," in Markovitz,
African Politics and Society, pp. 27-36
Dumont, Chapters 1-2
5
Diop, "Birth of the `Negro Myth'," Markovitz, African Politics and Society,
pp. 19-25
Anglophone:
M.G. Vassanji, The Gunny Sack, Part 1
Leonard, Chapter 3-5
Gluckman, "Tribalism in British Tropical Africa," In Markovitz, African Politics
and Society, pp.82-93
Davidson, Africa, Chapters 9-12
Low, Buganda, Chapters 1-3
Leys, Underdevelopment, Chapters 1-2
Sentongo, "Mulyankota," From Larson, African Short Stories, pp. 147-170.
Coleman, Chapters 2-4
Southern:
Picard, States Within the States, Chapters 1-3
Duffy, Chapter 3-5
Abrahamsson and Nilsson, Chapters Introduction and Chapter 1
Mondlane, "Race Relations and Portuguese Colonial Policy," in Markovitz,
African Politics, pp. 43-53
Isaacman, Chapters 1-5
Sparks, Mind, Chapters 1-3
Richard Reeve, "Strike," in Quartet, pp. 3-15.
Bessie Head, "The Deep River," in Bessie Head, Collector of Treasures, pp.
1-6.
Beinart, Chapter 1
Picard, Botswana, Chapters 1-4
January 27- ETHNICITY AND THE POLITICS OF SUB-NATIONALISM
General:
Bratton and van de Walle, Chapter 2
Ousmane, pp. 55-110
Cliford Geertz, "The Integrative Revolution,"
Modernization, pp. 197-218
Chazan, et. al., Chapter 4
6
in
Welch,
Political
Coleman, Introduction and Chapter 1, 5-6
Markovitz, Power, Chapters 4-5
Rothchild, Ethnic, Chapter 1
Young, The Politics of Cultural Pluralism, Chapters 3-5
Neuberger, Chapter 3
Rodney, Chapters 4
van den Berghe, Part 1
Francophone:
Sembene Ousmane, "Black Girl," in Larson, African Short Stories, pp. 1-1
Birago Diop, "Sarzan," From Charles R. Larson,
African Short Stories
Jean Suret-Canale, "The End of Chieftaincy in Guinea," in Markovitz, African
Politics, pp. 96-117
Jacques J. Ruanda," in van den Berghe, pp. 79-89
Van den Berghe, Part Three (North Africa)
Paula Brown, "Patterns of Authority in West Africa," in Markovitz, African
Politics and Society, pp. 59-80.
Cohen, Chapter 2-7
Entelis, Chapters 1-2
Anglophone:
Avirgan and Honey, Chapters 3-6
Kuldip Sondhi, "Bad Blood," in Mphahlele, African Writing Today, pp. 99 107
Apter, Chapters 3-5
Max Gluckman, "Tribalism in Modern British Central Africa," in Markovitz,
African Politics and Society, pp. 81-117
Norman N. Miller, "The Political Survival of Traditional Leadership," in
Markovitz, African Politics and Society, pp. 119-133.
Oliver and Fage, Chapters 16-19
Van den Berghe, Part Three (West Africa and East Africa)
Paula Brown, "Patterns of Authority in West Africa," in Markovitz, African
Politics and Society, pp. 59-80.
Vasanji, Part II
Southern:
Luis Bernardo Honwana, "Dina" in Mphahlele, African Writing Today, pp.
315-334
Beinart, Chapters 2-4
Isaacman, Chapters 6-7
7
Abrahamsson and Nilsson, Chapter 2
Rothchild, Ethnic, Chapters 5-7
G.B. Silberbauer and Alan J. Kuper, "Kgalagari Masters and Bushman
Serfs," pp. 90-104
Stanley Trapido, "Political Institutions and Afrikaner Social Structures in the
Republic of South Africa," in Markovitz, African Politics and Society
Van den Berghe, Part Three (Southern Africa)
Picard, States Within the States, Chapter 4-5
Duffy, Chapters 1-2
Entelis, Chapters 3-4
February 3- CULTURE, SETTLERS AND POLITICS
Francophone:
Ake Loba, "A Justice of the Peace," in Mphahlele, African Writing Today, pp.
213-221
Cohen, Chapters 6, 8 and 9
Manning, Chapters 1, 4 and 7
Dumont, Chapter 2
Yansane, Chapter II
Memmi, Part I
Mannoni, Part II
Fanon, Part Four
Anglophone:
James Ngugi, "The Return," in David Cook, Origin East Africa
Ekwensi, Chapters 1-5
L.H. Gann and P. Duignan, White Settlers in Tropical Africa Chapters 1-2
Keatley, Part 4
Nadine Gordimer, "Where Do Whites Fit In?" in The Essential Gesture, pp.
31-37
Mazrui, Africa's International Relations, Chapter 2
Pierre L. van den Berghe, "Asians in East and South
Africa in van den Berghe, Race and Ethnicity, pp. 276-299
Vassanji, Part 3
Southern:
Alex La Guma, “A Matter of Taste, in Larsen, African, pp. 101-106
James Mathews, "The Park" In Richard Rive, Modern African
Prose
Nadine Gordimer, "City Lovers," in Gordimer, Six Feet of the Country
Duffy, Chapters 6-7
8
Abrahamsson and Nilsson, Chapters 3-5
Isaacman, Chapters 7-8
Beinart, Chapters 5-6
Chazan, et. al., Chapter 13
Mark Mathabane, Kaffer Boy, Part I
Keatley, Part 3
Cosmas Desmond, The Discarded People Chapters 1 and 2
Allister Sparks, The Mind of South Africa, Chapters 7-12
February 10- ONE PARTY RULE AND THE ADMINISTRATIVE STATE
General
Bratton and van de Walle, Chapter 3
Picard, Botswana, Chapter 6-7
Ousmane, pp. 111-185
Chazan, et.al., Chapters 5 and 6
Tordoff, Chapters 4, 5
Leonard, Chapters 6-7
Donald Gordon, "African Politics," in April A. Gordon and Donald L. Gordon,
Understanding Contemporary Africa
Markovitz, Chapters 6-8
Welch, "Cincinatus in Africa," in Michael Lofchie, State
of the Nations, pp. 215-237.
Jackson and Rosberg, Chapters 1-2
February 17- SOCIALISM AND AFRICAN POLITICS
Bratton and van de Walle, Chapter 4
Rodney, Chapter 5-6
Ousmane, pp. 185-233
Young, Ideology and Development, Chapters 1, 2 and 3
Coleman, Chapter 7
Markovitz, Power, Chapters 10-11
Edmond J. Keller, "Afro-Marxist Regimes" in Keller and Rothchild, AfroMarxist Regimes, pp.1-21.
Henry Bienen, Tanzania, Chapters 6 and 13
Ann Seidman, et. al. Towards a New Vision… Chapter 2
Picard, "Socialism and The Field Administrator"
Group Papers: Five Page Proposals Due
9
February 24- THE FAILURE OF THE AFRICAN STATE
General:
Bratton and van de Walle, Chapter 5
Young, Colonial State, Chapter 7
Tordoff, Chapters 6,7, 8
Bates, Chapters 1-4
Leonard, Chapters 8-10
Hyden and Bratton, Chapter 1
Picard and Garrity, Chapters 1 and 8
Nafziger, Introduction, Chapter 3
Young, Ideological Development, Chapter 5
Chazan, et. al., Chapters 7 and 8
Fatton, Chapter 3
Picard, "Affirmative Action," in Bayat, et. al.
Francophone:
Harbeson, et. al., Chapters 8-9
Hyden and Bratton, Chapter 3
Ousmane, pp. 234-end
Yasane, Chapter 3
Manning, Chapter 6
Yasane, Chapter 6
Coleman, Chapters 11-13
Picard and Garrity, Chapter 10
Entelis, Chapter 5
Anglophone:
Harbeson, et. al., Chapters 5-7
Hyden and Bratton, Governance, Chapters 6-8
Avirgan and Honey, Chapters 7-10
Rothchild, Ethnic, Chapter 9
Achebe, Man of People, Introduction and Chapters 1-4
Chazan, et. al., Chapters 11 and 12
Ravenhill, Chapters 3, 4 and 5
Tordoff, Chapters 9, 10
Leonard, Chapter 12-13
Southern
Picard, States within the State, Chapters 6-7
10
Beinart, Chapters 9-10
Abrahamsson and Nilsson, Chapters 6-8
Waldmeir, Chapters 4-14
Picard, Botswana, Chapters 7-8
Norman Rush, "Bruns," in Whites
Norman Rush, "Alone in Africa," in Whites
Picard, “South Africa,” in Adamolekun, Chapter 18.
March 2-
THE ECONOMY: MARKETS AND PLANNING
Picard, "Affirmative Action in South Africa: The Transition to a Non-Racial
Public Service in Bayat and Meyer, pp. 261-270.
Picard, Botswana, Chapters 5 and 9
Bratton and van de Walle, Chapter 5
Chazan, et. al., Chapter 9
Achebe, Chapters 5-8
Leonard, Chapter 11
Coleman, Chapter 8 and 9
Dumont, Chapter 19
Young, Ideological Development, Chapter 4
Virginia DeLancy, "African Economies" in Gordon and Gordon
Understanding Contemporary Africa
Norman Rush, "Near Pala," in Whites
Norman Rush, "Official Americans," in Whites
NOTE: Group Papers Due the Week of the Report
March 9-
The AFRICAN CRISIS
Francophone
Samir Amin, "Capitalism and Development in the Ivory Coast," in Markovitz,
African Politics and Society, pp. 277-288
Chazan, et. al., Chapters 1 and 10
Harden, Chapter 1 and 6
Graybeal and Picard, "Internal Capacity and Overload,"
Abeh Nicol, "As the Night the Day," From Richard Rive, Modern African
Prose
Yasane, Chapters 4-5
Manning, Chapters 2 and 5
Young, Colonial State, Chapter One
Entelis, Chapter 6
11
Anglophone
LeVine, Chapters 2-4
Harden, Dispatches, Chapters 2-3, 5 and 7
Markovitz, "Ghana without Nkrumah: The Winter of Discontent," in Markovitz,
African Politics and Society
Nafziger, Chapters 4-5
Bates, Chapters 5-7
Blain Harden, Chapter 1
Young, Colonial State, Chapter One
Rothchild, Ethnic, Chapter 2-3
Southern
Picard, Botswana, Chapters 10-11
Beinart, Chapters 7-8
Abrahamsson and Nilsson, Chapters 9-12
Sparks, Mind, Chapters 13-15
Arend Lijphart, "The Ethnic Factor and Democratic Constitution Building in
South Africa," in Keller and Picard, South Africa in Southern Africa
Fatton, Predatory Rule, Chapters 1 and 2
Ravenhill, Chapters 1 and 2 (chapters by Ravenhill and Berg)
Nelson, Chapters 1 and 7
Norman Rush, "Thieving," from Whites
Norman Rush, "Instruments of Seduction" from Whites
REGIONAL PRESENTATION- FRANCOPHONE AFRICA (40 MINUTES)
March 16- GOVERNANCE, CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE "NEW" AFRICA
Bratton and van de Walle, Chapter 6, 7 and Conclusions
Young, Colonial State, Chapters 8 and 9
Achebe, Chapter 9-end
Hyden and Bratton, Chapter 2, 12
Fatton, Chapters 5, 6 and 7
Coleman, Chapter 10
REGIONAL SURVEY- ANGLOPHONE AFRICA
March 23- THE FUTURE OF THE DEVELOPMENTAL STATE
12
Robert Charlick, Governance Working Paper
World Bank, Managing Development: The Governance Dimension
Deborah Brautigam, Governance and Economy
Harbeson, Rothchild and Chazan, Civil Society, Chapters
1, 2 and 3
Mamadou Dia, A Governance Approach to Civil Service in Sub-Sahara
Africa
Nafzeger, Chapters 8-9
Young, Chapter 6
REGIONAL SURVEY- SOUTHERN AFRICA
INDIVIDUAL PAPERS DUES
March 30- Wrap Up Session
April 6- Final Exam Questions Given Out. Assessment.
April 13- Final Exam Due
13
AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT RESERVE
Hans Abrahamsson and Anders Nilsson, Mozambique: The Troubled Transition (London:
Zed Press, 1995).
Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart (London: Heinemann, 1966).
Chinua Achebe , A Man of the People (New York: Anchor Books, 1967).
Ladipo Adamolekun, ed, Public Administration in Africa. (Boulder: Westview Press, 1999).
Charles Allen, Tales From the Dark Continent (London: MacDonald Futura, 1980).
Christopher Allen and R.W. Johnson, African Perspectives: Papers in the History, Politics
and Economics of Africa (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970).
David E. Apter, Ghana in Transition (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972).
Tony Avirgan and Martha Honey, War in Uganda: The Legacy of Idi Amin (Dar es Salaam:
Tanzania Publishing House, 1982).
Robert H. Bates, Beyond the Miracle of the Market: The Political Economy of Agrarian
Development in Kenya (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989).
Henry Bienen, Tanzania: Party Transformation and Economic Development (Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 1970).
Joel D. Barken, ed. Beyond Capitalism vs. Socialism in Kenya and Tanzania (Boulder:
Lynne Rienner, 1994).
Robert Bates, Markets and States in Tropical Africa (Berkeley: University of California
Press, 1981).
M. Saheed Bayat and Ivan H. Meyer, eds. (Johannesburg: Southern Publishers, 1994).
William Beinart, Twentieth Century South Africa (London: Oxford University Press, 1994).
Sylvain Bemba, "The Dark Room," in Charles R. Larson, African Short Stories (New York:
Collier, 1970).
Deborah Brautigam, Governance and Economy (Washington D.C.: The World Bank, 1991)
Naomi Chazan, Robert Mortimer, John Ravenhill and Donald Rothchild, Politics and
Society in Contemporary Africa (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1992).
14
Robert Charlick, Governance Working Paper (Burlington, VT: Associates in Rural
Development, 1992).
William B. Cohen, The French Encounter with Africans: White Responses to Blacks, 15301880 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1980).
Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness (New York, Dover, 1990).
James S. Coleman, Nationalism and Development in Africa (Berkeley: University of
California Press, 1994).
David Cook, Origin East Africa (London: Heinemann, 1965).
Stephen K. Commins, ed., Africa's Development Challenges and the World Bank: Hard
Questions, Costly Choices (Boulder: Lynn Rienner, 1988.
Basil Davidson, Africa in History (New York: Collier, 1993). Note: Earlier edition does not
contain assigned material.
Basil Davidson, Joe Slovo and Anthony Wilkinson, Southern Africa: The New Politics of
Revolution (London: Penguin, 1976).
Cosmas Desmond, The Discarded People (London: Penguin, 1971).
Mamadou Dia, A Governance Approach to Civil Service Reform in Africa (Washington,
D.C.: World Bank, 1993).
Birago Diop, "Sarzan," in Charles R. Larson, African Short Stories (New York: Collier,
1970).
James Duffy, Portugal in Africa (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1963).
Rene Dumont, False Start in Africa (London: Andre Deutsch, 1966).
Cyprian Ekwensi, People of the City (London: Heinemann, 1983).
John P. Entelis, Culture and Counter-Culture in Moroccan Politics (Boulder: Westview
Press, 1989).
Frantz Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks (New York: Grove Press, 1967).
Robert Fatton Jr., Predatory Rule: State and Civil Society in Africa (Boulder: Lynne Reiner
Publishers, 1992).
15
L.H. Gann and P. Duignan, White Settlers in Tropical Africa (London: Penguin, 1962).
Clifford Geertz, "The Integrative Revolutions, in Claude Welch, Political Modernization
(Belmont CA.: Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1971).
Nadine Gordimer, The Essential Gesture: Writing, Politics and Places (London: Penguin,
1988).
Nadine Gordimer, "City Lovers," in Six Feet of the Country (London: Penguin, 1983).
April A. Gordon and Donald L. Gordon, Understanding Contemporary Africa (Boulder:
Lynne Rienner, 1992).
N. Lynn Graybeal and Louis A. Picard, "Internal Capacity and Overload in Guinea and
Niger," in Journal of Modern African Studies vol. 219, No. 2 (June, 1991), 275-300.
John W. Harbeson, Donald Rothchild and Naomi Chazan, Civil Society and the State in
Africa (Boulder: Lynn Rienner, 1994).
Blaine Harden, Africa: Dispatches from a Fragile Continent (Boston: Houghton Mifflin,
1990).
John D. Hargreaves, West Africa: The Former French States (Engelwood Cliffs: PrenticeHall, 1967).
Bessie Head, The Collector of Treasures (London: Heinemann, 1977).
Adam Hochschild, King Leopold’s Ghost (Boston: Houghton Miffin, 1998).
Goran Hyden, No Shortcuts to Progress: African Development Management in Perspective
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983).
Goran Hyden and Michael Bratton, ed. Governance and Politics in Africa Boulder: Lynn
Rienner, 1992).
Allen Isaacman and Barbara Isaacman, Mozambique: From Colonialism to Revolution
(Boulder: Westview Press, 1983).
Robert Jackson and Carl Roseberg, Personal Rule in Black Africa: Prince, Autocrat,
Prophet, Tyrant (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981).
Patrick Keatley, The Politics of Partnership: The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
(London: Penguin, 1963).
Edmon J. Keller and Louis A. Picard, South Africa in Southern Africa: Domestic Change
16
and International Conflict (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1989).
Edmond J. Keller and Donald Rothchild, Afro-Marxist Regimes: Ideology and Public Policy
(Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1987).
David K. Leonard, African Successes (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991).
Victor Le Vine, Political Corruption: The Ghana Case (Stanford: Hoover Institution, 1975).
Colin Leys, Underdevelopment in Kenya: The Political Economy of Neo-Colonialism
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975).
Michael Lofchie, "Representative Government, Bureaucracy, and Political Development:
The African Case, Journal of Developing Areas, vol.2, no. 1 (October, 1967), pp. 37-55.
Michael Lofchie, The State of the Nation (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971).
D.A. Low, Buganda in Modern History (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1971).
Managing Development: The Governance Dimension (Washington, D.C.: The World Bank,
1991).
Patrick Manning, Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa: 1880-1985 (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1988).
O. Mannoni, Prospero and Caliban: The Psychology of Colonization (New York: Praeger,
1964).
Irving L. Markovitz, African Politics and Society (New York: Free Press, 1970)
Irving L. Markovitz, Power and Class in Africa: An Introduction to Change and Conflict in
African Politics Englewood, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1977).
Mark Mathabane, Kaffer Boy (London: Plume/Penguin, 1986).
Ali Mazrui, Africa's International Relations (Boulder: Westview Press, 1977).
Albert Memmi, Colonizer, Colonized (New York: Orion Press, 1965).
Ezekiel Mphahlele, African Writing Today (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1970).
Barry Munslow, Ann McLennon and Patrick FitzGerald, eds.The South African State in
Transition: The Development Challenge, (Cape Town: Oxford University Press, 1995).
E. Wayne Nafziger, The Debt Crisis in Africa (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press,
17
1993).
Joan Nelson, Economic Crisis and Policy Choice (Princeton: Princeton University Press,
1990).
Benyamin Neuberger, National Self-Determination in Post-Colonial Africa (Boulder: Lynne
Rienner, 1986).
Rolland Oliver and J.D. Fage, A Short History of Africa (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1973)
Sembene Ousmane, God's Bits of Wood (New York: Anchor Books, 1994).
Louis A. Picard, "Affirmative Action in South Africa: The Transition to a Non-racial Public
Service" in Public Administration: Concepts, Theory and Practice, M. Saheed Bayat and
Ivan H. Meyer, eds. (Johannesburg: Southern Publishers, 1994, pp. 269-270
Louis A. Picard, (with Michele Garrity,) "Let the Punishment Fit the Crime: South Africa, the
Developmental State and the Failure of Development Management in Africa" in The South
African State in Transition: The Development Challenge, Barry Munslow and Patrick
FitzGerald, eds. (Cape Town: Oxford University Press, 1995).
Louis A. Picard, The Politics of Development in Botswana: A Model for Success? (Boulder:
Lynne Rienner, 1987).
"Socialism and the Field Administrator: Decentralization in Tanzania," Comparative Politics
(July, 1980), pp. 439-457.
Louis A. Picard and Michele Garrity, Policy Reform and Development in Africa (Boulder:
Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1984).
Louis A. Picard, “South Africa,” in Public Administration in Africa, Ladipo Adamolekun, ed.
(Boulder: Westview Press, 1999), Chapter 18.
Louis A. Picard, States within the State: Institutional Transitions in South Africa (Pittsburgh:
Unpublished Manuscript, 1998).
John Ravenhill, Africa in Economic Crisis (New York: Columbia University Press, 1986).
Richard Rive, Modern African Prose (London: Heinemann, 1964).
Richard Rive, Quartet (London: Heinemann, 1963).
Walter Rodney, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa (Washington, D.C.: Howard University
Press, 1972).
Donald Rothchild, Managing Ethnic Conflict in Africa (Washington, D.C.: Brookings
18
Institution Press, 1997).
Donald Rothchild and Naomi Chazan, The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa
(Boulder: Westview, 1988).
Donald Rothchild and Victor Olorunsola State vs. Ethnic Claims: African Policy Dilemmas
(Boulder: Westview, 1983).
Norman Rush, Whites (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1986).
Ann Seidman and Frederick Anang, Twenty-First Century Africa: Towards a New Vision of
Self-Sustainable Development (Trenton: Africa World Press, 1992).
Allister Sparks, The Mind of South Africa (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990).
Barbara Solomon, Other Voices, Other Vistas (New York: Mentor, 1992).
William Tordoff, Government and Politics in Africa (Bloomington: Indiana University Press,
1984).
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