Unit 5: Consciousness (Expanded)
(2-4%)
Based on AP Psychology Summary Outline for 2010
Martin A. Anderson, Ph.D.
V. States of Consciousness

Research on states of consciousness

Understanding consciousness and what it encompasses is critical in understanding “state”

Common and atypical variations in consciousness

REM and NREM sleep as two extremely different stages of consciousness

Variations in consciousness (hypnosis, meditation, and daydreaming)

Effects of drugs on consciousness
A. Sleep and
Need for Sleep
Dreaming
Preservation and Protection Theory Sleep
Restorative Theory of Sleep
Sleep Deprivation
Circadian Rhythms
Stages of Sleep, NREM-REM Sleep
Sleep Disorders
Insomnia
Narcolepsy
Sleep apnea
Somnambulism
Dreams: Content, Lucid Dreaming
Meaning of Dreams
Wish fulfillment (Freud)
Activation-synthesis (Hobson & McCarley)
Information Processing, Problem-Solving
Daydreams and Fantasies
B. Hypnosis
Hypnotic susceptibility
Age regression
Posthypnotic suggestion
Posthypnotic amnesia
Theories of Hypnosis:
Deep relaxation
Role playing
State theory
Dissociation theory
Meditation
C. Psychoactive Drug
Agonists (Mimic) Antagonists (Block)
States
Abuse
Psychological Dependence
Physical Addiction
Withdrawal
Tolerance
Opiates/Narcotics (Heroin, morphine, codeine, opiods)
Depressants (Alcohol, sedatives –barbiturates & tranquilizers)
Stimulants (Caffeine, amphetamines, cocaine, nicotine)
Psychedelics (LSD, Mescaline, Marijuana, Hashish, Phencychlidine)
Source: Martin Bolt Instructor’s Resources to accompany David G. Myers
Psychology 8th edition.
Am I Sleep Deprived?
Respond to each of the following items by circling “T” for true or “F” for false.
T
F
1
I need an alarm clock in order to wake up at the appropriate time.
T
F
2
It’s a struggle for me to get out of bed in the morning.
T
F
3
Weekday mornings I hit the snooze button several times to get more sleep.
T
F
4
I feel tired, irritable, and stressed out during the week.
T
F
5
I have trouble concentrating and remembering.
T
F
6
I feel slow with critical thinking problem solving and being creative.
T
F
7
I often fall asleep watching TV.
T
F
8
I often fall asleep in boring meetings or lectures or in warm rooms.
T
F
9
I often fall asleep after heavy meals or after a low dose of alcohol.
T
F
10
I often fall asleep while relaxing after dinner.
T
F
11
I often fall asleep within five minutes of getting into bed.
T
F
12
I often feel drowsy while driving.
T
F
13
I often sleep extra hours on weekend mornings.
T
F
14
I often need a nap to get through the day.
T
F
15
I have dark circles under my eyes.
Source: The scale appears at www.powersleep.org/selftest/htm. Reprinted with permission from Dr. James
Maas, Cornell University.
I checked out the above website and it is not functional. Instead use (for this and other tests plus other
information) http://www.powersleep.org/PowerSleep.html