Correct Answers for European Exploration and Colonization Study Guide
1. What did exploration and colonization
initiate or begin?
2. What products were exchanged between
the Americas and Europe?
3. To what ideas did European colonization
in the Americas eventually lead?
1. worldwide commercial expansion or
trade
2. agricultural products
3. ideas of representative government and
religious toleration that were later copied in
other parts of the world
4. that one accepts another person’s
religion, even though it is different
5. climate, soil conditions, and other
natural resources
6. Africans
4. What does religious toleration mean?
5. What factors shaped regional economic
differences in the American colonies?
6. What large group of immigrants to the
New World came involuntarily?
7. Why did the Puritans settle New
England?
8. Define the term Puritans.
7. They were seeking freedom from
religious persecution in Europe.
8. Englishmen who believed the Anglican
Church should purify or cleanse itself by
abandoning its ritual and ceremony.
9. Church of England
9. What was another name for the Anglican
Church?
10. Who were the Pilgrims?
11. Where did the Pilgrims settle?
12. What is a covenant?
13. What was the Mayflower Compact?
10. a group of extreme Puritans
11. Plymouth, Massachusetts
12. a promise or agreement
13. an agreement signed by the male
passengers on the Mayflower to respect
laws agreed upon for the general good of
the colony
14. Puritans
14. Who founded the Massachusetts Bay
Colony?
15. What basic unit of settlement was used
by Puritan church congregations in the
Massachusetts Bay Colony?
16. What is the historical significance of
the Puritan town meetings?
17. Explain how direct democracy worked
at New England town meetings.
15. the town
16. In these town meetings the Puritans
practiced a form of direct democracy.
17. Each member of the Puritan church
could vote at town meetings and thereby
participate directly in making the laws for
that town. In other words, each Puritan
church member helped make the laws for
their town.
18. Massachusetts, New Hampshire,
Connecticut, and Rhode Island
19. direct democracy in ancient Athens; the
“Athenian” direct democracy model
18. Name the four New England colonies.
19. What ancient model did New England
town meetings follow?
1
20. What were the two major reasons why
the Puritans settled in New England?
21. What European groups chiefly settled
the Middle Atlantic region?
22. Why did European immigrants settle in
the Middle Atlantic region?
23. What served as the major reason for the
settlement of Virginia and the other
Southern colonies?
24. Who were the Virginia “cavaliers”?
20. religious freedom and economic
opportunity
21. English, Dutch, and Germans
22) religious freedom and economic
opportunity
23. economic opportunity
24. English nobility, who received large
land grants in eastern Virginia from the
King of England
25. Small farmers or artisans; they settled
in the Shenandoah Valley or western
Virginia
26. skilled craftsmen
27. people who agreed to work for a master
for a fixed period of time in order to pay
for passage to the New World
28. poor people from England, Scotland,
and Ireland
29. Jamestown; 1607
25. What was the occupation of many poor
English immigrants to Virginia and in what
part of the colony did many of them settle?
26. Define the term artisans.
27. Define the term indentured servant.
28. Who were these indentured servants
and from where did they often come?
29. What was the first permanent English
settlement in North America, and when
was it settled?
30. What was the Virginia House of
Burgesses, and why was it important?
31. What has been the name of Virginia’s
lawmaking body, since independence from
Great Britain?
32. What regions of the Western
Hemisphere did the Spanish explore and
settle?
33. How did European colonization affect
the American Indians?
30. Virginia’s lawmaking body; it was the
first elected assembly in the New World
31. the General Assembly
32. the Caribbean, Central America, and
South America
33. 1) Violent conflicts, 2) Indians lost
their land, 3) Indians died of European
diseases like smallpox
34. Canada
34. What region of the Western
Hemisphere did the French explore?
35. How did the effects of French
exploration differ from those of English
exploration?
36. What institution was introduced into
the New World as a result of the
agricultural economy which developed in
the Southern colonies and the Caribbean
Sea?
37. What was the result of European
35. 1) no large-scale immigration from
France, 2) French had better relations with
the Indians
36. African slavery
37. Europeans forced millions of Africans
2
introduction of African slavery in the New
World?
38. What were the three regions of English
settlement along the Atlantic coast?
39. What formed the economic basis of
colonial New England?
to come to the Americas against their will.
38. 1) New England colonies, 2) the middle
colonies, 3) the Southern colonies
39. shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, smallscale subsistence farming, and eventually,
manufacturing
40. growing only enough food to feed
one’s family
41. Puritans’ strong belief in hard work and
thrift
40. Define subsistence farming.
41. What Puritan values were reflected in
the prosperity of the New England
colonies?
42. Name the middle colonies.
42. New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,
and Delaware
43. shipbuilding, small-scale farming, and
trading
44. New York and Philadelphia
43. What formed the basis of the middle
colonies’ economy?
44. What two cities in the middle colonies
began to grow as seaports and commercial
(trade) centers?
45. What was the basis of the economies in
the eastern coastal lowlands of Virginia and
the other Southern colonies?
46. What are Virginia’s eastern coastal
lowlands called?
47. Name the Southern colonies.
45. large plantations that grew cash crops
(tobacco, rice, and indigo) for export to
Europe
46. Tidewater
47. Virginia, Maryland, South Carolina,
North Carolina, and Georgia
48. tobacco
48. What was the case crop of colonial
Virginia?
49. What were the two cash crops of
colonial South Carolina?
50. What formed the basis of the economy
of the Southern colonies in the mountains
and valleys of the Appalachian foothills?
51. What strong belief regarding property
rights was shared by all the English
colonies in North America?
52. What two labor systems supplied the
labor needs of the plantation economy
which developed in the Southern colonies?
53. What was the origin of most of the
indentured servants in colonial America?
54. Where and when did the first Africans
arrive in colonial America?
55. What is believed to have been the legal
status of the first Africans brought to the
New World? How did the status of
49. rice and indigo
50. subsistence farming, hunting, and
trading
51. a strong belief in private ownership of
property and free enterprise
52. indentured servants and African slaves
53. poor people from England, Scotland, or
Ireland
54. Jamestown; 1619
55. indentured servants; over time Africans
were treated as “servants for life” and later
slaves
3
Africans change over time?
56. Define the term Middle Passage.
56. the cruel and inhuman transportation of
African slaves by ship from Africa to the
New World
57. the African slave trade and a slave
labor system
57. What two developments resulted from
plantation economies and labor shortages
in the English colonies?
58. Eventually what war was caused by the
development of a slavery-based agricultural
economy in the Southern colonies?
59. What served as the basis of society in
colonial New England?
60. What was the Puritans’ attitude towards
religious dissenters?
58. the American Civil War
59. religious standing
60. grew increasingly intolerant of
(prejudiced against) dissenters who
challenged Puritan beliefs
61. people who disagree with the dominant
religion
62. Roger Williams; to flee persecution by
Puritans in Massachusetts
61. Define the term religious dissenters.
62. What dissenter founded the colony of
Rhode Island, and why did he start a new
colony?
63. What religious groups settled in the
middle colonies and in which colony did
each group settle?
64. Who were the Huguenots?
65. What religious groups generally
believed in religious tolerance?
66. What socio-economic class developed
in the middle colonies and in what ways
did members of this class earn a living?
67. Define the term entrepreneur.
68. What formed the basis of the social
structure in Virginia and the other Southern
colonies?
69. Who dominated the colonial
government and society in the Southern
colonies?
70. What was the most important church in
Virginia and the other Southern colonies?
71. Which region of the American colonies
generally maintained stronger ties with
Great Britain: the Southern colonies, the
New England colonies, or the middle
colonies?
72. Who played leading roles in the
colonial legislatures of the Southern
colonies?
63. Quakers in Pennsylvania; Presbyterians
in New Jersey; Jews and Huguenots in
New York
64. French Protestants
65. Quakers, Presbyterians, Huguenots, and
Jews
66. a middle class of skilled artisans,
entrepreneurs, and small commercial
farmers
67. business owners
68. family status and land ownership
69. Large landowners
70. the Church of England
71. the Southern colonies
72. planters
4
73. Who made up society in the mountains
and valleys of the inland South?
73. small subsistence farmers, hunters, and
traders of Scots-Irish and English
background
74. Define the term Scots-Irish.
74. Scottish Protestants, who settled in the
northern part of Ireland as part of
England’s effort to control Ireland
75. What was the “Great Awakening”?
75. a religious movement that swept both
Europe and the colonies during the mid1700s
76. Who was the major leader of the “Great 76. George Whitefield
Awakening”?
77. What two Protestant denominations
77. Baptists and Methodists
experienced rapid growth as a result of the
“Great Awakening”?
78. How did the “Great Awakening” relate 78. It laid one of the social foundations for
to the American Revolution?
the American Revolution, because it had
challenged the existing religious and
governmental order in the various colonies.
5