MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY
HISTORY & DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
MODULE OUTLINE/READING LIST
Module Title:
1.
HDS 111 Introduction to Development Studies
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE MODULE
The primary aim of this module is to encourage students to develop a critical approach to the study
and writing of History & Development Studies as an academic discipline. The module endeavours
to provide students with the basic essential skills of research, analysis and writing, which they will
need for the rest of their stay at the University and beyond. It examines the development and
progression of Economic Thought, and development discourse, familiarizing students with the
various schools of thought and the major debates that have shaped the discipline over time.
2.
INTRODUCTION
This Section forms a general introduction to the Department and the programmes it offers. It
provides background information about the institution, the Department and how the latter fits into
the Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences. The Section talks about the Department’s personnel, the
semester/modular system of learning/teaching and the concept of “Flexible Packaging”, career
prospects for graduates of History & Development Studies and the issue of class representatives
on the Departmental and Faculty Boards. It also introduces students to the module, outlining the
major themes to be examined. It defines “Development Studies” and provides its intellectual
origins as well as its relations with History. The Section addresses the importance of Development
Studies as a discipline. The Module also familiarizes students with the expected presentation
format for essays at University level. It is important for students to take this aspect seriously as
failure to grasp the basic requirements of essay presentation will affect their performance for the
rest of their undergraduate study period
Note:
Students taking this module are required to write two (2) assignments during the semester as part
of coursework. Tutorials are compulsory.
3.
RESEARCH AND ESSAY-WRITING
This section provides students with the necessary skills of gathering information, planning as well
as writing an essay at undergraduate level. The requirements of an essay at this level are very
different from those found at high school level. The techniques of essay-writing to be elaborated
on include: how to go about gathering the necessary information, planning the essay and writing
it; presentation of quotations in an essay (i.e when to indent/block a quotation and when to
integrate it into the text); the accepted way of acknowledging/citing sources; the meaning and
purpose of footnotes, and how footnotes are inserted and referenced, the bibliography and how
bibliographical references are made; plagiarism and its implications.
4.
THE CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT: A CRITIQUE
This Section traces the origins and growth of the concept of development. It defines the term
“development”, distinguishing it from “economic growth”, and examines the various indices that
have been used to measure “development”. It also addresses other related terminology such as,
“developing”, “undeveloped”, “developed” and “underdevelopment”, which have been used to
divide countries of the world.
5.
CLASSICAL THEORIES
.
The Section analyses the various paradigms put forward by leading economic thinkers to explain
socio-economic change and development. These theorists include the mercantilists; such classical
economists as Adam Smith and Thomas Malthus; the so-called scientific socialists (Karl Marx and
Frederick Engels) as well as Keynesian Economics
i)
THE MERCANTILISTS:
This segment analyses the socio-economic transformation that occurred in Europe in the
16th Century, in the period of transition from the Medieval version of the christian
corporate ethic, to the modern socio-economic order, and which gave rise to the
economic doctrine and practice that came to be known as mercantilism. The period also
saw the first wave of European colonialism in Latin America and elsewhere in what
became known as the Third World. The segment addresses the political, ideological and
economic factors that led to the rise of mercantilism; the main beliefs of the mercantilists;
what they regarded as evidence of a nation's wealth and prosperity; why mercantilism led
to European colonialism; and the impact of mercantile capital on the colonised territories.
ii)
CLASSICAL ECONOMISTS: ADAM SMITH:
This segment discusses the ideas of Adam Smith (1723-1790), one of the most influential
thinkers of the 18th Century, who has come to be known as the father of capitalism, the
populariser of the doctrine and practice of laissez-faire (leave alone), and the founder of
the classical school of political economy in general. Smith’s The Wealth of Nations
(1776) marked the emergence of a new individualistic philosophy termed classical
liberalism. This segment addresses the origins of Adam Smith’s ideas; his views on social
and economic progress; why Smith was opposed to mercantilism; the role he thought
government should play in promoting the general welfare of society; the effect of Adam
Smith’s ideas on conventional economic theory and practice; and a critical analysis of the
Smithian economic ideology.
6.
NEO-CLASSICAL THEORIES
i)
DEVELOPMENT and UNDERDEVELOPMENT THEORIES
By the end of World War II a new thinking had gripped major colonial powers (Britain
and France) over the need for what they perceived as development in their colonial
empires. By 1945, classical development theory had been jettisoned in favour of one
stressing what was called development for both the industrialized and colonial countries,
modeled on western ideas and concepts. Neo-classical development theory portrays
“developing” economies as backward, traditional and static. It argues that they can only
be liberated and developed through the infusion of western capital, technology, ideas and
cultural values. This “modernist” or “Diffusionist” School of Thought is represented by
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W W Rostow with his “Stages of Growth” Theory, Parsons with his “psychological
secrets” necessary for development, and Lewis with his “industrialization by invitation”.
However, the alternative Dependency or Underdevelopment School of Thought led by A
G Frank, Cardosso, Samir Amin, Rodney and Nkrumah, with their “Delinking” thesis,
argue strongly against ties with the West. They argue that such ties serve to perpetuate
colonial relations in a new form known as neo-colonialism. This section discusses the
above debates in an endeavour to understand better, development discourses in the
World.
7.
GLOBALISATION
In the 21st Century “Globalisation” has become a new buzzword that connotes qualitative
developments in the world economy and international relations in general. Beginning in the 1980s
and particularly in the 1990s, there was wide publicity of parts of the world, particularly in the
Developing World, wracked by coups, chaos and carnage, of people dying of hunger and disease,
and countries collapsing under the weight of state corruption and coercion. The period witnessed
the march of capital all over the world, largely from the West, in search of profits. This process
was reflected in the expansion of the multilateralisation of the world economic system through the
reach and power of multinational corporations (MNCs), the increasing “philanthropic” role of
non-governmental organizations and civic groups, the growing influence of the IMF/World Bank
in suggesting paths of development for economies of the world, as well as the popularization of
notions of democracy and human rights.
i)
MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS
The role and activities of multinational corporations or transnational companies in
developing countries have become very controversial in recent years. This segment opens
debate on the role of these companies in the social, economic and political development
of Third World countries.
ii)
AID AND DEVELOPMENT
This segment examines the various forms of Aid to the Developing Countries, and the
impact these have had on the social, economic and political development of the recipient
countries.
iii)
NEOLIBERALISM: IMF/WORLD BANK MODELS
Under the notion of globalization, multi-lateral organizations like the World Bank and the
International Monetary Fund (IMF) have demanded that Developing Countries open up
or liberalise their economies. To persuade such countries to liberalise, the multi-lateral
financial agencies have imposed economic structural adjustment programmes on various
Developing Countries in Africa, Latin America and Asia. This segment assesses the
economic structural adjustment programmes and their impact on the poor countries of the
South.
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iii)
GOVERNANCE AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
This segment defines the notions of democracy and human rights, and investigates their
relevance to the development of nations. In particular it examines the relevance and
applicability of the liberal Western conception of democracy, “good governance”, human
security and the respect for human rights.
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Cole GDH
Coleman DC
Galbraith JK
Hecksher EP
Hunt EK
Nabudere D
Newman PC
Rima IH
Routh G
Roll EA
Taylor OM
Cypher JM et.al
Ferguson JM
Hollander S
Meek RL
Rima IH
Smith A
Ake C
Bairoch P
Bell M
Chaliand G
Daniel J (ed)
Dasgutta Ajit
De Revero
Gillis M et.al
Hettne B
The Politics of Mercantilism
Introduction to Economic History
Revisions of Mercantilism
Economic Development
Mercantilism
History of Economic Thought: A
Critical Perspective
Political Economy of Imperialism
The Development of Economic
Thought
The Development of Economic
Analysis
The Origins of Economic Ideas
History of Economic Thought
A History of Economic Thought
The
Process
of
Economic
Development
Landmarks of Economic Thought
The Economics of Adam Smith
Smith, Marx and After: Past and
Present
The Development of Economic
Analysis
The Wealth of Nations
Political Economy of Africa (330.96 AKE)
Economic Development of the Third World
since 1900 (330.91724BA1)
Contemporary Africa: Development, Culture
and the State (R)
Revolution in the Third World
Political Economy in Africa (330.96 Pol)
Economic Theory and the Developing
Countries (330.91724 DAS)
The Myth of Development: The Non-Viable
Economics of the 21st Century (London: Zed
Books, 2001).
Economics of Development (2nd edition) (R)
Development Theory and the Three Worlds
(338.9HET)
4
Amin S
De-linking: Towards a Polycentric
World
The
Political
Economy
of
underdevelopment
The Political Economy of Growth
“Dependence and Dependency in the
Colonial System”, in International
Organization
Economically
Appropriate
Technologies
for
Developing
Countries (R)
Economic
Theory
and
the
Developing Countries (330.91724
DAS)
“Dependence and Dependencia
Theory: Notes towards Precision of
Concept
and
argument”,
in
International Organization Vol. 32,
No. 1 (Writer 1978).
Dependent
Accumulation
and
Underdevelopment
Latin America: Underdevelopment
or Revolution?
Development Theory and the Three
Worlds (338.9HET)
“Dependency and Revolutionary
Theory in the African Situation”, in
Barongo (ed) Political Science in
Africa (3 copies).
The
Political
Economy
of
Underdevelopment
How
Europe
Underdeveloped
African (7 copies)
Stages of Economic Growth: A nonCommunist Manifesto (1 copy)
Theories of Underdevelopment (330
Rox)
“The Rainfall Fell on its Own: The
Alur Theory of Development and its
Western Counterparts”, in African
Studies Review, 31,2, Sept. 1988 (R)
Economic Development in the Third
World (330.91724 Tod)
Revolutionary Thought in the 20th
Century (R)
Bagchi A K
Baran P A
Caporaso J A
Carr M
Dasgutta Ajit
Duval R
Frank A G
Frank A G
Hettne B
Lee F J T
O’Brien R C (ed)
Rodney W
Rostow W W
Roxborough I
Southall A
Todaro M
Turok B
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Wilber C
Marx K
Morgan D J
Shaw T M &
Heard K A (eds)
United Nations
Blaugh M
Cypher JM et.al
Malthus TR
O’Brien DP
Robbins LC
Spiegel HW
The
Political
Economy
of
development and Underdevelopment.
Capital: A critique of Political Economy
Vol. 2, 1978 (335.4MAR)
The
Official
History
of
Colonial
Development vol. 3: A Reassessment of
British Aid Policy: 1951 – 1965.
The Politics of Africa: Dependence (320.96
BAB).
Structure and Growth of Selected African
Economies
Great Economists Before Keynes
The
Process
of
Economic
Development
Definitions of Political Economy
The Classical Economists
Political Economy: Past and Present
The Growth of Economic Thought
Afanasyev V et.al
Becker JF
Fundamentals of Scientific Socialism
Marxian Political Economy: An
Outline
Burns E
Introduction to Marxism
Chesnokov DL
Historical Materialism
Cornforth M
Historical Materialism
Desai M
Marxian Economic Theory
Engels F
On Historical Materialism
Ferguson JH
Landmarks of Economic Thought
Fiedler H
Lectures on Economic History
Freedman R
Marx on Economics
Gide C
A History of Economic Doctrines
Gray A
The Development of Economic
Doctrines
Hardach G
A Short History of Socialist
Economic Thought
John E “Some Questions on the Materialist Interpretations of History” in Elton G
R.
The Practice of History
Pugh G T.
Guide to Research Writing
Marwick A
The Nature of History
Mlambo A S
& Jeffreys
A Guide to Thesis Writing
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Astapovich A Z
The
strategy
of
Transitional
Corporations(R)
Global Reach: The Power or
Multinationals
Foreign companies and Internal
Investment in Zimbabwe
Barnett R & Muller R
Clarke D G
Clarmonte F &
Cavanagh J
Dinham B &
Hine C
Innes D
The World in their web (R)
Agribusiness in Africa (R)
Anglo-American & the Rise of
Modern South Africa
The Multinationals
“The Multinational Corporations and
Dependency: A dialogue for
dependentistas”, in International
Organization, Vol. 32, (Winter
1978), p79.
Storm
Over
Multinational
Corporations: The Real Issues
Outposts of Monopoly Capitalism(R)
Lall S
Moran T H
Raymond V
Seidman A
Seidman A &
Seidman R etal
Transinational Corporations in
Southern Africa (R)
The Multinational Companies (R)
The Multinationals
Multinationals in the Third World
Multinationals in Africa
Thomas S
Tygendhat
Turner T
Widstrand C
History, 1953
Arnold G
Dinham B & Hine C,
Dubinsky D
Aid in Africa
Agribusiness in Africa (R)
Directory of Non-governmental
Organisations Offering Assistance in
the Developing Countries, 1964
Towards the African Revolution
How the other half dies
Rich against Poor: The Reality of
Aid
Hungry for Profits: US Food and
Drug Multinational Companies in
Latin America
Fanon F
George S
Hensen C R
Ledogar R
Maxwell S J &
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Singer H W,
McNeill D
Mkandawire R & Mtlosa K (eds.)
Moore – Lappe F & Collins J
Moore – Lappe F
Power J & Holstein A
Sinha R (ed)
U.N Organization
Whitlock R
King R
Law R
“Food Aid to Developing Countries:
A survey”, in World Developing Vol.
7, 1979.
The contradictions of Foreign Aid
Food Policy & Agriculture in S.
Africa (R)
World Hunger (R)
Food First
World Hunger (R)
The World Food Problem
The Role of Multilateral Food Aid
Programmes
Feast or Famine?
The State in Modern Society
“The Marxist Approach to Historical
Explanation”, in Tarik, vol.6, no.1
Marx and Engels: Basic Writings on
Politics and Philosophy
An Introduction to Marxist Economic
Theory
The Development of Economic
Analysis
Philosophy and Myth in Karl Marx
Lewis S et. al.
Mandel E
Rima IH
Tucker R
Khor M.
Rethinking Globalisation: Critical
Issues and Policy Choices (London:
Zed Books, 2001).
The
Political
Economy
of
Information
on
Development,
Democracy and Security in Southern
Africa
Putting People First: African
Priorities for the UN Millenium
Assembly
Short-changed: Africa and the World
Trade.
The IMF and Tanzania: The
Dynamics of Liberalism.
Structural Adjustment in Zambia and
Zimbabwe
The
Process
of
Economic
Development (R)
The IMF and Africa in the 1980s
The Silent Revolution in Africa:
Debt, Development and Democracy.
Lundu M
Mathama P et.al (eds)
Brown M & Tiffen P
Campbell H & Stein H (ed),
Chakaodza A M
Cypher J M etal (eds)
Helleiner G K
Cheru F
8
Krasner S
Structural Conflict: The Third world
Against Global Liberalism.
World
Bank
and
Structural
Transformation
in
Developing
Countries.
Economic Policy Reforms: The case
of Shamva District.
The
Economic
Structural
Adjustment: The
Case
of
Zimbabwe: 1990 – 1995.
“The Rich shall inherit the Earth:
Towards an Analysis or the Role and
Impact of IMF”, in Zambezia Vol.
xx, 1997.
Social Policy in an Economy Under
Stress: The case of Zimbabwe.
The Politics of Adjustment in the
Third World (R).
Leslie W J
Masuko L (ed)
Mlambo A S
Mlambo A S
Mwanza A (ed)
Nelson J M (ed)
Moyo S et.al
NGOs, the State and Politics in
Zimbabwe
Globalisation and the Post-Colonial
African State
Democracy, Civil Society and the
State: Social Movements in Southern
Africa
The One-Party State and Democracy
Nabudere D W
Sachikonye L M (ed)
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