ART HISTORY 358
EUROPEAN ARCHITECTURE: THE MODERN MOVEMENTS, 1900-1933
Narciso G. Menocal
203 Elvehjem Building
nmenocal@wisc.edu
(608) 263-2373
Office Hours: Mon. & Wed., 5'30-6'30 PM
In this course we shall not investigate the praxis of the modern movements of architecture (such
a thing would be impossible) but of the individual architects who have been singled out as the
most prominent by an ongoing scholarship now some three quarters of a century old.
In the ancient Greek language, the word praxis referred to activity engaged in by free men. To
us, it is something that goes beyond practices, actions, or behavior. Today it is seen as a
combination of reflection and action. Praxis, then, defines the historicity of the human
person–that is, the place of each person in history. History, seen this way, becomes the
combined result of individual historicities, each depending on individual praxis. Historical
literature, in turn, is the result of the praxis of historians.
In the method we shall follow, the “reflection and action that realizes pragmatically the
historicity of human persons” become, respectively, the iconology and iconography individually
created by each architect. But created is here a relative term. Praxis usually results from
transmuted co-optations of thoughts and works of others which the poeisis of the architect
synthesizes and transforms into a metaphorical self-portrait.
While our aim will be to discover through analysis these metaphorical self-portraits to the extent
that we can in each case, the methodological constraints of a course such as this force us into a
contradiction; we have to consider the subject matter collectively, arranged within “movements
and trends,” if you will.
So, following the traditional manner, I have divided the subject matter into three phases:
beginning, middle, and end, each comprising several subjects. As historical contrasts, the art
and architecture of the Stalinist Soviet Union and of Nazi Germany have been included.
However, at all times we shall endeavor to consider the individual minds of the architects
covered as our main subject of study.
The semester grade will be the average of two examinations, one at mid-term and the other at the
end of the semester. The second examination will not be cumulative and each will be worth 50
percent of the final grade.
D:\533573767.DOC
2
Students who would prefer to write a semester-long paper of about 20 pages may do so provided
I accept them into this option after having read an example of their critical writing they have
submitted to me. The subject of the paper is chosen by the student but requires my approval.
Once a subject has been approved, the student will present a short paragraph indicating the title
of the paper and explaining the thesis the student will develop. A minimal bibliography of ten
titles or so will be included as well. The second step will comprise of an elaborate précis and
an extended annotated bibliography. A thematic outline of the paper will come next (about
eight pages or so), and the final copy of the paper will be presented at the end of the semester.
Graduate art students may submit a work of art based on what they have learned in the course.
As in the case of students submitting a paper, the entry of a graduate art student will done in
stages.
Fourth-credit students will write reviews on three books on topics covered in the course. The
books will be chosen in consultation with the instructor. Each review will address the subject
matter critically and objectively and will be from four to five pages in length. Submission due
dates to be discussed at the first fourth-credit meeting.
Text book: William J. R. Curtis, Modern Architecture since 1900; any edition.
ART HISTORY 358: SECTION ONE
1-A.
TRENDS IN GERMAN ARCHITECTURE, 1900-1914
A. Peter Behrens (1868-1940): The early years
The Kiss, color woodcut, 1896-1897
Lamp, 1902
Ein Dokument Deutscher Kunst, Die Austellung der Künstler Kolonie, poster,
Darmstadt, 1901
Poster for Kunstlerkolonie exhibition: Ein Dokument Deutscher Kunst,
lithograph, 1901
Behrens House, Kunstlerkolonie, Darmstadt, 1900-1901
Oldenburg: Northwest German Art Exhibition Building, 1905
Crematorium, Delstern, 1906-1907.
AEG Pavilion, Shipbuilding Exposition, Berlin, 1908.
B. English Residential Trends in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century.
D:\533573767.DOC
3
English Influences in German Suburbs.
The Red House, Phillip Webb and William Morris, Bexleyheath, Kent, 1859
Leyswood, Sussex, Richard Norman Shaw, 1870
Bedford Park, Richard Norman Shaw, 1881
The Orchard, C. F. A. Voysey, Chorley Woods, Herts., 1900
Ferdinand Springer House, Alfred Messel, Zehlendorf (West Berlin), 1901-1902
Comparison: Loch House, C. F. A. Voysey, Oxshott, ca. 1898, with Peter Behrens,
Obenauer House, Saarbrucken, 1905
C. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1886-1969). The Early Years: 1910-1914
Riehl house, Neubabelsberg, 1907
Kröller-Müller house, project, The Hague, 1912
Bismarck Monument, project, Bingen on the Rhine, 1914
Comparisons
Jacob Prandtauer, Melk Abbey, Begun 1702.
Bruno Schmitz and Franz Mezner, Monument to the Battle of the
Nations, Leipzig, 1913
Karl Friedrich Schinkel, Schloss Charlottenhof, Potsdam, 1826-28
Karl Friedrich Schinkel, Military Prison, Berlin, 1817-1818
Karl Friedrich Schinkel, Neue Wache, Berlin, 1816-1817
Karl Friedrich Schinkel, Schloss Charlottenhof, Potsdam,
1826-1828
D. Hermann Muthesius (1861-1927); the Deutscher Werkbund (1906-1914)
Villa at Winklerstraße No.11, Grunewald (Western Berlin), 1906
Cramer house, Pacelliallee 18, Zehlendorf (Berlin suburb), 1912-13
Interior design projects, date unknown
Radio Transmitter Station, Nauen, 1906
Tuteur Haus office building, Berlin, 1912-1913. (Compared with Alfred Messel’s
Wertheim Department Store, Berlin, ca. 1906)
E. Peter Behrens, 1907-1913
AEG advertisements and goods, 1906; 1907; 1908-1913.AEG is the Allgemeine
Elektrizitäts Gesellschaft (General–or Universal–Electric Company)
Street lamps for AEG
Berlin: AEG Turbine Factory, 1908-1909
Berlin-Dahlem, Theodor Wiegand house, 1911-1912
Berlin: AEG Small Motors Factory, 1910-1913
St. Petersburg: German Embassy, 1911-1912
F. Walter Gropius (1883-1969): The early years
D:\533573767.DOC
4
Alfeld: Fagus Shoelast Factory, 1911-1912
Diesel locomotive for German Railways, 1913
Sleeping car for German Railways, 1914
Mitropa dining railway car, ca. 1914
G. The Deutscher Werkbund Cologne exhibition, 1914
Posters, Peter Behrens and Richard Riemerschmidt
Austrian Pavilion, Josef Hoffmann (compared with Palais Stoclet, Brussels,
1905-1911)
Peter Behrens, Festival Hall
Office Building and Factory, Walter Gropius. (Compared one with Frank Lloyd
Wright, Winslow house, River Forest, Illinois, 1893, and the other with City
National Bank Building and Hotel, Mason City, Iowa, Frank Lloyd Wright, 1909)
Diesel Motors Hall, Walter Gropius (at rear of Office Bldg.)
Theater, Henry van de Velde
1-B.
GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM BEFORE WORLD WAR I
A. Hans Poelzig (1869-1936)
Posen (now Poznan, Poland): Water Tower, 1910-1911
B. Max Berg (1870-1947)
Breslau (now Wroclaw, Poland): Jahrhunderthalle, 1910-1913
C.
The theories of Paul Scheerbart (1863-1915): Glasarchitektur, 1914; Graues tuch
und zehn Prozent weiss (The gray cloth and ten percent white), 1914.
D. Bruno Taut (1880-1938)
Leipzig: Steel Pavilion, 1913
Alpine Architecture, 1919
Werkbund Cologne Exhibition: Glass Pavilion, 1914
1-C.
EXPRESSIONISM IN GERMANY AFTER WORLD WAR ONE: THE
NOVEMBERGRUPPE (1918-1925) AND THE ARBEITSRAT FÜR KUNST
(1918-1921)
A. Introductory material
B. Wenzel Hablik (1881-1934)
Exhibition Building, project, 1920
D:\533573767.DOC
5
C. Hans Poelzig,
Grosses Schauspielhaus, Berlin, 1919 (demolished 1988)
D. Peter Behrens
Höchst: I. G. Farben Office Building, 1920-1924
E. Hans Poelzig
Berlin, Großes Schauspielhaus, 1919 (demolished ca. 1980)
F. Eric Mendelsohn (1887-1953): 1915-1924
Fantasy Projects (1915-1919)
Einstein Tower, Potsdam, 1919-1924. [Compare with Le Désert de Monsieur de
Monville, Retz (outside of Paris), François Barbier and Hubert Robert, 1771]
Berliner Tageblatt Building, Berlin, 1921-1923
G. Otto Bartning (1883-1959)
Die Stern Kirche (The Star Church), project, 1922
H. Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925)
Goetheanum, Dornach, Switzerland, 1924-28
I. Walter Gropius
Monument to the Victims of the Kapp Putsch, Weimar, 1922
J. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe: 1921-1928
Monument to Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg, Berlin, 1926
Friedrichstrasse office building project, Berlin, 1921
Glass skyscraper project, Berlin, 1922
Leipzigstrasse office building project, Berlin, 1928
K. Chicago Tribune Building Competition, 1922
Entries by Walter Gropius, Bernard Bijvoet & Johannes Duiker, Adolf Loos, Eliel
Saarinen, H. W. Kruger & Hermann Zess, and Max Taut
Winning design by John Mead Howells & Raymond Hood, compared with Rouen
Cathedral, Butter Tower, 15th - 17th centuries
1-D.
THE BAUHAUS AT WEIMAR
A. Antecedents:
D:\533573767.DOC
6
Henry van de Velde (1863-1957)
Höhe Pappeln (Lofty Poplars), [his house in Weimar], 1908
Kunstschule and Kunstgewerbeschule bldgs., Weimar, 1906. (Henry van de Velde
Director of the Kunstgewerbeschule 1906-1915)
B. The Weimar Bauhaus, 1919-1925
Lyonel Feininger (1871-1956)
Cathedral of Socialism, 1919. (Illustration to Gropius’ Bauhaus Manifesto)
Bauhaus curriculum
Oskar Schlemmer (1888-1943)
Bauhaus emblem, 1922
Murals in entrance hall and staircase of the Weimar Bauhaus (former
Kunstgewerebeschule), 1922-1923
Views of workshops
. Johannes Itten (1888-1967)
The Red Tower, 1918
Announcement of Utopia, 1920
Teaching aids:
Color wheel
Scale of light intensity
Balanced primaries
Balanced complementaries
Personality of color depends on background (2 examples)
Itten’s Vorkurs
Scales of proportion
Large/small - High/low - Thin/thick - Broad/narrow
Light/dark - Soft/hard - Light/heavy
Point - line - plane - volume
Transparent/opaque - Smooth/rough - Rest/motion - Much/little
Vorkurs student work:
Study of materials and composition
Materials study
Textures in wood achieved with different knives
Texture on damp paper (india ink and pen)
D:\533573767.DOC
7
Study in cubic character
Relief composition of textured materials
Structure with forces in balance: wood, glass,wire
Sstudy for mechanical display; window sculpture
Formenbaum (plaster, straw, and metal)
Lyonel Feininger (1871-1956)
Town Hall, Zottelstedt, 2, 1918
Villa on the Shore, 4, 1920
Oberweimar, 1921
Paul Klee (1879-1940)
Vessels of Aphrodite, 1921
Twittering Machine, 1922
North Sea, 1923
Heavenly and Earthly Time, 1927
Joost Schmidt (1893-1948)
Location of Planes in Relation to Each Other and to Their Directions of Movement,
lithograph.
Advertisement for Bauhaus-produced chessboard, 1923
Bauhaus Exhibition lithographic posters, Weimar, 1923
Gerhard Marcks (1889-1981)
Poster for Bauhaus exhibition, 1923
Georg Muche (1895-1986)
Composition for textile, 1921
Haus am Horn, 1923 (with Marcel Breuer)
Marcel Breuer (1902-1981)
Dressing table with movable mirrors, 1923
Kitchen, 1923
Carl Jacob Jucker and Wilhelm Wagenfeld
Lamp, 1924
Walter Gropius
Berlin/Dahlem, Adolf Sommerfeld house, 1921 (compare with Winslow house,
River Forest, Illinois, Frank Lloyd Wright, 1893); glass windows by Josef Albers;
woodwork and bas reliefs in vestibule by Joost Schmidt.
D:\533573767.DOC
8
1-E. DUTCH EXPRESSIONISM (THE AMSTERDAM SCHOOL)
Jan Vermeer, View of Delft and Street in Delft, both of ca. 1658.
A. Antecedents
Petrus Josephus Hubertus (P. J. H.) Cuypers (1827-1921)
Rijskmuseum, Amsterdam, 1877-1885
Central Station, Amsterdam, 1885-1889
Hendrikus Petrus Berlage (1856-1934)
Amsterdam Beurs (Stock Exchange), 1897-1903
B. The Amsterdam School
Amsterdam: Scheepvaarthuis (Ship Speed House), J. M. van der Mey in
collaboration with Michel de Klerk and Piet Kramer, 1912-1916.
Amsterdam: De Dageraad (The Dawn) Housing Complex, Michel de Klerk,
1918-1923.
Amsterdam: Eigen Haard (Our Hearth) Housing Complex, Michel de Klerk, 1913
Amsterdam, Ronnerplein (Henriëtte Ronner Square) Housing Complex, Michel de
Klerk, 1920.
ART HISTORY 358:
2-A.
SECTION TWO
FUTURISM
A. Manifestos:
Filippo Tommaso Marinetti (1876-1944), Futurist Manifesto, Le Figaro (Paris), 20
February 1909
Umberto Boccioni, Carlo Carrà, Luigi Russolo, Giacomo Balla, and Gino Severini,
Manifesto of the Futurist Painters, Poesia (Milan), 11 February 1910
Umberto Boccioni, Technical Manifesto of Futurist Sculpture, Poesia (Milan), 11
February 1912
Antonio Sant’Elia (and F. T. Marinetti?), Manifesto of Futurist Architecture, Catalogue of
the Nuove Tendenze exhibition, Milan, 11 July 1914; amplified and published in.Lacerba
(Florence), 1 August 1914
D:\533573767.DOC
9
B. Poetry
Filippo Tommaso Marinetti (1876-1944)
Zang Tumb Tumb, 1914
Paroles en libertà, 1915
C. Sculpture
Umberto Boccioni (1882-1916)
Dynamic Development of a Bottle in Space, 1910
Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913
Dynamism of a Speeding Horse, 1914-1915
D. Painting
Umberto Boccioni (1882-1916)
Dynamism of a Cyclist, 1910
Dinamismo de un footballer, 1913
States of Mind
Caricature of a Futurist Evening in Milan, 1911
Giacomo Balla (1871-1958)
The Streetlight, 1909
Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash, 1912
Flight of the Swifts, 1913 version
Flight of the Swifts, 1918 version
Abstract Speed: The Car Has Passed, 1913
City of Dynamism, ca. 1914
Mercury Passing in Front of the Sun, 1914
Pessimism and Optimism, ca. 1923
Carlo Carrà (1881-1966)
Funeral of the Anarchist Galli, sketch, 1910
Funeral of the Anarchist Galli, 1911
Patriotic Celebration, 1914
Luigi Russolo (1885-1947)
The Art of Noise
Revolt, 1911
Dynamism of a Train, 1912
Automobile at Speed, 1913
Memory of a Night, 1912
D:\533573767.DOC
10
Music, 1911
Gino Severini (1883-1966)
Danseuse à Pigalle
Spherical Expansion of Light, 1914
Train in the Country, 1913
Armored Train, 1915
E. Architecture
Antonio Sant’Elia (1888-1916)
La città nuova drawings, 1914
2-B
THE SOVIET UNION, 1918-1930
A. Organizations
1918: The Free Workshops, founded from the merger of two pre-Revolutionary art
schools, the Stroganof School and the Moscow School of Painting)
1920: The Free Workshops become the VKhUTEMAS (acronym for Higher Artistic and
Technical Workshops)
INKhUK (Institute of Artistic Culture), provided theoretical direction for
VKhUTEMAS. In the early 1920s, at INKhUK, the Working Group began to
exhibit architectural sketches, both in Russia and Germany (1922)
1923: The nucleus of the Working Group, including Nikolai Ladovskii, Vladimir
Krinskii, Nikolai Dokuchaev, and for a time, El Lissitzky established ASNOVA
(Association of New Architects) “to establish general principles in architecture ad
its liberation from atrophied forms”
1925: VKhUTEMAS is reorganized as VKhUTEIN (Higher Artistic and Technical
Institute); was closed down in 1930
B. Painting
Kasimir Malevitch (1878_1935)
Airplane Flying, 1914
Eight Red Rectangles, 1915
Black Suprematist Square, 1914-1915
Composition: White on White, ca. 1918
Black Square and Red Square, 1915
Arkhitecton, 1924
D:\533573767.DOC
11
El Lissitzky (1890-1941)
Lenin Tribune, 1920-1924
Proun, ca, 1925
Proun, 1923
Proun99, 1923
Prounenraum, n.d.
Architecture at Vkhutemas (book cover), 1927
C. Sculpture
Naum Gabo (1890-1977)
Column (plastic, wood, and metal), 1923
Construction in Relief (plastic; work is lost), 1920
Torsion (plastic), 1929
Construction in Space: Arch, 1929-1937
Translucent Variation on Spheric Theme (plastic; form is series of hyperbolic
paraboloids), 1951
Antoine Pevsner (1886-1962)
Construction en rond, 1925
D.
Other media
Alexander Rodchenko (1891-1956)
Constructivist clothes, 1925
Composition 86: Destiny and Gravity, 1919; sculpture
Red and Yellow; painting
Young Guard, 1924; poster
Books! 1924; poster
Portrait of Lily Brik, 1924; photograph
Stepanova with a Cigarette, 1924; photograph
Woman and Child Ascending Stairs, (?) photograph
Planes Dropping Explosive Men (?) photograph
Street Scene from Above (?) photograph
Portrait of the poet Vladimir Mayakowsky, 1924; photograph
D. Architecture
Vladimir Tatlin (1885-1953)
Monument to the Third International, 1919
Nikolai Ladowsky (1881-1941)
D:\533573767.DOC
12
Collective Housing, sketch, 1920
Vladimir Shukhof (1853-1939)
Shabolovka Radio Tower, Moscow, 1922
Grigorii Barkhin (1880-1969)
Izvestiia Bldg., Moscow, 1927
Ilia Golosov (1883-1945)
Zuev Club, Moscow, 1927-1929
Boris Velikovskii
GOSTORG (State Trade Agency), Moscow, 1925-1927
Ivan Leonidov
Lenin Institute of Librarianship, Moscow, 1927, project
Moisei Ginzburg and Ivan Milinis
Apartment house for the People’s Commissariat of Finanace
(NARKOMFIN), 1928-30
Aleksei Shchusev (1873-1949)
Commisariat of Agriculture Headquarters, Moscow, 1929-1933
The Vesnin brothers (Alexander, Leonid, and Viktor)
Project for the Palace of Labor, Moscow, 1923
Competition for the Pravda Building, 1924
Commisariat of Heavy Industry, Moscow, competition entry, 1934
Mostorg Department Store, Moscow, 1927-1929
Konstantin Melnikov (1890-1974)
Soviet Pavilion for the Exposition des Arts Décoratifs, Paris, 1925
Rusakov Club (Russian Workers’ Club), Moscow, 1927-1928
Project for a parking garage, Paris, 1925
First study “of the house,” 1922
Melnikov House, Moscow, 1929
Intourist Garage, Moscow, 1933
GOSPLAN (State Planning Commission) Garage, Moscow, 1934-36
Commissariat of Heavy Industry, Moscow, 1934, project
E. The Stalinist (and Nazi) Reaction
D:\533573767.DOC
13
Painting
Boris Eremeevich Vladimirski, Female Worker
Ivan Alekseevich Vladimirov, In a Girls’ School
Architecture
Boris Mikhailovic Iofan, Palace of the Soviets, Moscow, 1931, competition
entry
Exposition Internationale des Ars et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne, Paris,
1937
B. M. Iofan, Soviet Pavilion
Albert Speer, German Pavilion
2-C.
DE STIJL
A. Frank Lloyd Wright Influences in the Netherlands
Robert van’t Hoff (1887-1979)
Villa Verloop, Huis ter Heide (near Utrecht), 1915-1916
Villa Henny, Huis ter Heide (near Utrecht), 1915-1916
Jan Wils (1891-1972)
Café-restaurant De Dubbele Sleutel (The Duplicate Key), Woerden, 1918-1919
B. De Stijl: Painting
Piet Mondrian (1872-1944)
Self-Portrait, ca. 1900
Composition II in Red, Blue, and Yellow, 1930
Composition with Yellow, Blue, and Red, 1921
Theo van Doesburg (1883-1931)
Cover of first issue of De Stijl, 1917
Composition XI, 1916
Composition/The Cow, 1917
Composition, 1917
Female Nude with Hand on Her Head, 1917
Russian Dance, 1917-1918
Composition in Discords, 1918
D:\533573767.DOC
14
Counter-Composition V, 1924
Counter-Composition XIII, 1925-1926
C. De Stijl: Architecture
Theo Van Doesburg
Café Aubette, Strasbourg, 1929-1931. (With Hans Arp and Sophie Tauber-Arp)
Van Doesburg house, Meudon, 1931
Model of the Maison d’Artiste, 1923
Axonometrical study, 1923
(With Cornelis van Eesteren), Contra-Construction, project, 1923
Axonometric drawing of a Hôtel Particulier, 1923
(With Gerrit Rietveld), Interior, 1919
Gerrit Rietveld (1888-1964)
Red-Blue Chair, 1918
Buffet, 1919
Furnishings for doctor’s office, Maarssen, 1922
Schröder house, Utrecht, 1924
E. J. J. P. (Jacobus Johannes Pieter) Oud (1890-1963)
Siedlung Tusschendijken, Rotterdam, 1920
Housing estate Oud-Mathenesse, Rotterdam, 1923-1924 (demolished)
Café De Unie, Rotterdam, 1925
2-D.
THE BAUHAUS AT DESSAU -1: ARCHITECTURE, FURNITURE, HOUSEHOLD
GOODS, AND AUTOMOBILE DESIGN
Locations: Weimar, April 1919-1924; Dessau, 1925-1932; Berlin, 1 Oct. 1932-2 July
1933
Directors: Walter Gropius, April 1919-4 Feb. 1928; Hannes Meyer, 1 April 1928-1 April
1930; Mies van der Rohe, 1 April 1930-2 July 1933
Vorkurs Teachers: Johannes Itten, 1919-1923; Lazlo Moholy-Nagy, 1924-1928; Josef
Albers, 1928-1933
A. Architecture
Walter Gropius
Bauhaus, Dessau, 1925
Houses for Director and Masters, Dessau, 1925-1926
Total Theater (project), 1927
D:\533573767.DOC
15
B. Furniture and House Goods
Moholy-Nagy house, Dessau, 1925-1926. Studio
Marcel Breuer (1902-1981)
Wassily Chair, 1925
Chair B 32, 1929
Furniture for Feder Stores, Berlin, 1927
Werkbund Exhibition, Paris, 1930
Gymnasium, Building Exhibition, Berlin, 1931
Marianne Brandt (1893-1983)
Metal tea sets
Kamem desk lamp, 1928
“Touch” desk lamp
C. Automobile design
Walter Gropius
Adler cabriolet, 1930
Adler Standard 6, 1931
Adler Standard 8, 1931
2-E. THE BAUHAUS AT DESSAU - 2: PAINTING, PHOTOGRAPHY, AND STAGE DESIGN
A. Painting
Vassily Kandinsky (1866-1944)
Untitled, watercolor, 1922
Inside Boiling, watercolor, 1925
Brown Spot, watercolor, 1923
Swinging, 1925
B. Photography
László Moholy-Nagy (1895-1946)
Moholy-Nagy photography
Student work
C. Stage design
Oskar Schlemmer (1888-1943)
D:\533573767.DOC
16
Bauhaus Staircase, 1932 (painting)
Oskar Schlemmer and Paul Hindemith (1895-1963)
Das Triadische Ballett (The Triadic Ballet), 1924-1926
ART HISTORY 358: SECTION THREE
3-A. LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE, 1926-1931
Wolf house, Guben (Gubin, Poland), 1926. (Destroyed in World War II)
Esters house, Krefeld, 1928
Hermann Lange house, Krefeld, 1928
Silk Exhibit of the Exposition de la Mode, Berlin, 1927
Glass Industry Exhibit of the Werkbund Exposition, Stuttgart, 1927
German Pavilion, Barcelona International Exhibition, 1929. (Statue by Georg
Kolbe). Pavilion reconstructed in 1983-1986
Tugendhat house, Brno, Slovakia, 1930
Berlin Building Exposition House, 1931
3-B. CHARLES-ÉDOUARD .JEANNERET-GRIS: THE YEARS OF LA CHAUX-DE-FONDS,
1905-1916
Villa Fallet, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland, 1905-1907
Villa Stotzer, La Chaux-de-Fonds, 1907-1908
Maison Jeanneret-Perret (La Maison Blanche), La Chaux-de-Fonds, 1912
Villa Favre-Jacot, Le Locle, 1912
Villa Schwob, La Chaux-de-Fonds, 1916. (Compare with Frank Lloyd Wright,
Thomas P. Hardy House, Racine, Wis., 1906, and Warren Hickox House,
Kankakee, Ill., 1900)
3-C. LE CORBUSIER: PARIS, 1914-1925
A. Purism: Paintings by Amedée Ozenfant and Le Corbusier
Amedée Ozenfant
D:\533573767.DOC
17
Guitar and Bottles, 1920
Nacres, ca. 1926
Still Life (L’Esprit Nouveau II), 1920
Le Corbusier
Still Life, 1920
Still Life, 1920-1921
Still Life with Numerous Objects, 1923
Vertical Still Life, 1922
B. Residential Prototypes
Dom-ino House, 1914
“Monol” House, 1919
“Citrohan” House, 1920
C. Theory
L’Esprit Nouveau, 1920-1925
Vers une architecture, trans.as Towards a New Architecture, 1923
The Modulor
D. Architecture
Ozenfant house and studio, Paris, 1922
Design for a Contemporary City, 1922
Plan Voisin for Paris, 1925
Villa La Roche-Jeanneret, Auteuil (Paris), 1923-24
Villa Besnus, Vaucresson, 1922-1923
Pavillon de l’Esprit Nouveau, Exposition Universelle des Arts Décoratives, Paris, 1925.
(Reconstructed in Bologna, Italy)
3-D. LE CORBUSIER: PARIS, 1926-1933
Villa Cook, Boulogne-sur-Mer, 1926
Villa De Monzie-Stein, Garches, 1926-1927
Villa Savoye, Poissy-sur-Seine, 1929-1930
Swiss Pavilion, Cité Universitaire, Paris, 1929-1933
D:\533573767.DOC
18
3-E. THE SIEDLUNGEN
Törten Housing Development, Dessau, Gropius, 1926-1928
Dammerstock Siedlung, Karlsruhe, Gropius, 1927-1928
Megastructure project, Gropius, 1928
Slab apartment block project, Gropius, 1929
Siemensstadt Housing Development, Gropius (and others), 1929-1930
Weissenhofsiedlung, Stuttgart, Deutscher Werkbund, 1927 (33 bldgs., 63 units)
Master plan: Mies van der Rohe
Buildings 1-4: Mies van der Rohe (24 units)
Buildings 5-9: J. J. P. Oud (5 units)
Building 10: Victor Bourgeois (1 unit)
Buildings 11-12: Adolf G. Schneck (2 units)
Buildings 13-15: Le Corbusier (3 units)
Buildings 16-17: Gropius (2 units)
Building 18: Ludwig Hilberseimer (1 unit)
Building 19: Bruno Taut (1 unit)
Building 20: Hans Poelzig (1 unit)
Buildings 21-22: Richard Döcker (2 units)
Buildings 23-24: Max Taut (2 units)
Building 25: Adolf Rading (1 unit)
Buildings 26-27: Josef Frank (2 units)
Buildings 28-30: Mart Stam (3 units)
Buildings 31-32: Peter Behrens (12 units)
Building 33: Hans Scharoun (1 unit)
ART HISTORY 358: BIBLIOGRAPHY
NOTE: Titles preceded by an asterisk (*) are on reserve in the Kohler Art Library. All
other titles are in open stacks.
I. DICTIONARIES AND ENCYCLOPEDIAS
Fleming, John, Hugh Honour, and Nikolaus Pevsner, eds.
Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1991.
Pehnt, Wolfgang, ed.
A Dictionary of Architecture. 1966;
Encyclopedia of Modern Architecture. New York: Harry N. Abrams,
D:\533573767.DOC
19
1964.
Placzek, Adolf K., ed.
Press, 1982.
Macmillan Encyclopedia of Architects, 4 ols. New York: The Free
Sartoris, Alberto. Encyclopédie de l'architecture nouvelle: ordre et climat méditerranéens.
Milan: Ulrico Hoepli, éditeur, 1957.
II.
*
SURVEYS
Banham, Reyner. Theory and Design in the First Machine Age. London:
Architectural Press, 1960.
Benevolo, Leonardo. History of Modern Architecture, 2 vols. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press,
1971.
*
Benton, Tim, and Charlotte Benton, eds. Form and Function: A Source Book for the
History of Architecture and Design, 1890-1939. London: Crosby Lockwood Staples,
1975.
*
Borsi, Franco. The Monumental Era: European Architecture and Design, 1929-1939.
New York: Rizzoli, 1987.
*
Collins, Peter. Changing Ideals in Modern Architecture, 1750-1950. Montreal:
McGill University Press, 1965.
*
Conrads, Ulrich, ed. Programmes and Manifestoes on Twentieth-Century
Architecture. London: Lund Humphries, 1970.
*
Curtis, William J. R. Modern Architecture since 1900. 1982; Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:
Prentice-Hall, 1987.
Dean, Andrea Oppenheimer.
Bruno Zevi on Modern Architecture. New York: Rizzoli, 1983.
*
Frampton, Kenneth. Modern Architecture: A Critical History. New York: Oxford
University Press, 1992.
*
Giedion, Sigfried. Space, Time, and Architecture: The Growth of a New Tradition.
1941; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1954.
D:\533573767.DOC
20
*
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell. Architecture: Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries.
Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1958.
---------- Modern Architecture: Romanticism and Reintegration. New York: Payson and
Clarke, Ltd., 1929.
---------- and Philip Johnson.
W. W. Norton, 1932.
Jencks, Charles.
1973.
The International Style: Architecture since 1922. New York:
Modern Movements in Architecture. Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Press,
*
Pevsner, Nikolaus.
*
---------- The Sources of Modern Architecture and Design. New York: Praeger, 1968.
*
Rowe, Colin. The Mathematics of the Ideal Villa and Other Essays. Cambridge,
Mass.: MIT Press, 1976.
Richards, J. M.
*
Pioneers of Modern Design. 1936; London: Penguin Books, 1960.
Modern Architecture. 1940; Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1962.
Scully, Vincent. Modern Architecture: The Architecture of Democracy. New York:
George Braziller, 1974.
Sharp, Dennis. A Visual History of Twentieth-Century Architecture. New York: New York
Graphic Society, 1972.
*
Smithson, Alison Margaret.
Thames and Hudson, 1981.
The Heroic Period of Modern Architecture. London:
Tafuri, Manfredo, and Francesco Dal Co.
New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1979.
Modern Architecture, trans. Robert Erich Wolf.
Taut, Bruno. Modern Architecture. London: The Studio, Ltd. [1929].
Zevi, Bruno. Architecture as Space: How to Look at Architecture. New York: Horizon,
1957.
------------- Towards an Organic Architecture. London: Faber & Faber, 1950.
D:\533573767.DOC
21
III.
MONOGRAPHS ON TRENDS, MOVEMENTS, AND PERIODS
Amsterdam School
*
de Wit, Wim, ed. The Amsterdam School: Dutch Expressionist Architecture,
1915-1930. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1983.
Vriend, J. J.
The Amsterdam School. Amsterdam: Meulenhoff, 1970.
The Bauhaus
Bayer, Herbert, Walter and Ise Gropius, eds.
Modern Art, 1938.
Bauhaus: 1919-1928. New York: Museum of
Central School of Art and Design of London, ed. Fifty Years Bauhaus: Exhibition. London:
Central School of Art and Design, 1968.
Franciscono, Marcel. Walter Gropius and the Creation of the Bauhaus in Weimar: The
Ideals and Artistic Theories of Its Founding Years. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1971.
Gropius, Walter. The New Architecture and the Bauhaus, trans. P. Morton Shand. London:
Faber and Faber, 1935.
Korn, Arthur, ed. Glass in Modern Architecture of the Bauhaus Period. 1926; New York:
George Braziller, 1968.
*
Naylor, Gillian.
The Bauhaus. London: Studio Vista, 1968.
----------- The Bauhaus Reassessed: Sources and Design Theory. New York: E. P. Dutton,
1985.
Neumann, Eckhard. Bauhaus and Bauhaus People: Personal Opinions and Recollections of
Former Bauhaus Members and Their Contemporaries. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold,
1992.
*
Wingler, Hans Maria. The Bauhaus: Weimar, Dessau, Berlin, Chicago. Cambridge,
Mass.: MIT Press, 1969.
D:\533573767.DOC
22
*
De Stijl
Friedman, Mildred, ed.
Press, 1982.
Overy, Paul.
Troy, Nancy J.
De Stijl, 1917-1931: Visions of Utopia. New York: Abbeville
De Stijl. London: Studio Vista, 1969.
The De Stijl Environment. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1983.
Deutscher Werkbund
*
Buddensieg, Tilmann. Industriekultur: Peter Behrens and the AEG, 1907-1914.
Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1984.
Burckhardt, Lucius, ed.
Barron's, 1977.
The Werkbund: History and Ideology, 1907-1933. Woodbury, N.Y.:
Kirsch, Karin. The Weissenhofsiedlung: Experimental Housing Built for the Deutscher
Werkbund, Stuttgart, 1927. New York: Rizzoli, 1989.
*
Pommer, Richard, and Christian Otto. Weissenhof 1927 and the Modern Movement in
Architecture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.
Expressionism
Collins, George R. Visionary Drawings of Architecture and Planning: 20th Century through
the 1960s. New York: The Drawing Center, 1979.
*
Pehnt, Wolfgang.
Sharp, Dennis.
Expressionist Architecture. New York: Praeger, 1973.
Modern Architecture and Expressionism. New York: George Braziller, 1967.
Scheerbart, Paul. Glass Architecture/Bruno Taut. Alpine Architecture, ed. Dennis Sharp. New
York: Praeger, 1972.
Futurism and Italian Fascism
D:\533573767.DOC
23
Apollonio, Umbro, ed.
Etlin, Richard A.
Futurist Manifestos. New York: Viking Press, 1970.
Modernism in Italian Architecture.
Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1991.
Gargus, Jacqueline, ed. From Futurism to Rationalism: The Origins of Modern Italian
Architecture. Architectural Design Profile 51, 1981.
*
Rye, Jane.
Futurism. London: Studio Vista, 1972.
Soviet Architecture
Brumfield, William Craft. A History of Russian Architecture.
Cambridge University Press, 1993.
Cambridge, Great Britain:
Cook Catherine, and Alexander Kudriavtsev, eds. Uses of Tradition in Russian & Soviet
Architecture. Architectural Design Profile 68, 1987.
*
Kahn-Magomedov, Selim O. Pioneers of Soviet Architecture: The Search for New
Solutions in the 1920s and 1930s. New York: Rizzoli, 1987.
Kopp, Anatole.
1985.
Constructivist Architecture in the USSR. New York: St. Martin's Press,
--------- Town and Revolution: Soviet Architecture and City Planning, 1917-1935. New
York: George Braziller, 1970.
Weimar Republic
Lane, Barbara Miller. Architecture and Politics in Germany, 1918-1945. Cambridge, Mass.:
Harvard University Press, 1968.
*
Willett, John. Art and Politics in the Weimar Period: The New Sobriety, 1917-1933.
New York: Pantheon Books, 1978.
IV. MONOGRAPHS ON ARCHITECTS
D:\533573767.DOC
24
Peter Behrens (1868-1940)
Buddensieg, Tilmann. Industriekultur: Peter Behrens and the AEG, 1907-1914. Cambridge,
Mass.: MIT Press, 1984.
*
Windsor, Alan. Peter Behrens: Architect and Designer. New York: Whitney Library
of Design, 1981.
Hendrik Petrus Berlage (1856-1934)
Polano, Sergio, ed.
Hendrik Petrus Berlage: Complete Works. New York: Rizzoli, 1988.
Singelenberg, Pieter. H. P. Berlage, Idea and Style: The Quest for Modern Architecture.
Utrecht: Haentiens Dekker & Gumbert, 1972.
Walter Gropius (1883-1969)
Busignani, Alberto.
Fitch, James Marton.
*
Gropius. New York: Hamlyn, 1973.
Walter Gropius. New York: George Braziller, 1960.
Giedion, Sigfried. Walter Gropius: Work and Teamwork. New York: Reinhold
Publishing Corporation, 1954.
Gropius, Ise, ed.
Gropius, 1972.
Walter Gropius: Buildings, Plans, Projects, 1906-1969. Lincoln, Mass.: Ise
Gropius, Walter. Apollo in the Democracy: The Cultural Obligation of the Architect. New
York: McGraw-Hill, 1968.
---------- The New Architecture and the Bauhaus, trans. P. Morton Shand. London: Faber
and Faber, 1935.
---------- Scope of Total Architecture. New York: Harper, 1955.
Herbert, Gilbert.
The Synthetic Vision of Walter Gropius. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand
D:\533573767.DOC
25
University Press, 1959.
Josef Hoffmann (1870-1956)
*
Gresleri, Giuliano.
Josef Hoffmann. New York: Rizzoli, 1985.
Meyer, Christian. Josef Hoffmann: Architect and Designer, 1870-1956. Vienna and New
York: Galerie Metropole, [1981].
Le Corbusier (Charles Edouard Jeanneret) (1887-1966)
*
Benton, Tim.
Press, 1987.
Blake, Peter.
The Master Builders. New York: Knopf, 1960.
Boesiger, Willy.
*
Le Corbusier. New York: Praeger, 1972.
Brooks, H. Allen, ed.
Curtis, William J. R.
*
The Villas of Le Corbusier, 1920-1930. New Haven: Yale University
Le Corbusier. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987.
Le Corbusier: Ideas and Forms. New York: Rizzoli, 1986.
Boesiger, Willy, and H. Girsberger, eds.
1967.
Choay, Françoise.
Le Corbusier, 1910-1965. New York: Praeger,
Le Corbusier. New York: George Braziller, 1960.
Evenson, Norma. Le Corbusier: The Machine and the Grand Design. New York: George
Braziller, 1970.
Gans, Deborah.
The Le Corbusier Guide.
Princeton: Princeton Architectural Press, 1987.
Guiton, Jacques. The Ideas of Le Corbusier on Architecture and Urban Planning, trans.
Margaret Guiton. New York: George Braziller, 1981.
Le Corbusier. The City of Tomorrow and Its Planning. 1929; New York: Dover, 1987.
D:\533573767.DOC
26
*
---------- The Modulor: A Harmonious Measure to the Human Scale Universally
Applicable to Architecture and Mechanics, trans. Peter de Francia and Anna Bostock.
London: Faber & Faber, 1954.
--------- Talks with Students, trans. Pierre Chase. New York: Princeton Architectural Press,
1999.
*
---------- Towards a New Architecture, trans. Frederick Etchells. New York: Praeger,
1970.
*
Richards, Simon.
Press, 2003.
Serenyi, Peter, ed.
1975.
Le Corbusier and the Concept of Self. New Haven: Yale University
Le Corbusier in Perspective. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc.,
Sekler, Eduard Franz, ed. Le Corbusier at Work: The Genesis of the Carpenter Center for
the Visual Arts. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978.
Walden, Russell, ed.
Press, 1977.
Weber, Nicholas Fox.
The Open Hand: Essays on Le Corbusier. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT
Le Corbusier: A Life.
New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2008.
Erich Mendelsohn (1887-1953)
King, Susan.
1969.
The Drawings of Eric Mendelsohn. San Francisco: California Print Company,
Von Eckardt, Wolf.
Eric Mendelsohn. New York: George Braziller, 1960.
Zevi, Bruno. Erich Mendelsohn. New York: Rizzoli, 1985.
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1886-1969)
Achilles, Rolf, Kevin Harrington, and Charlotte Myhrun, eds.
Chicago: Illinois Institute of Technology, 1986.
Blake, Peter.
Mies van der Rohe as Educator.
The Master Builders. New York: Knopf, 1960.
D:\533573767.DOC
27
Blaser, Werner. After Mies: Mies van der Rohe, Teaching and Principles. New York: Van
Nostrand Reinhold, 1977.
---------- Mies van der Rohe: Furniture and Interiors. Woodbury, N.Y.: Barron's, 1982.
---------- Mies van der Rohe: The Art of Structure. New York: Praeger, 1965.
Bonta, Juan Pablo. Architecture and Its Interpretation. New York: Rizzoli, 1979.
Carter, Peter James.
Mies van der Rohe at Work. New York: Praeger, 1974.
*
Drexler, Arthur. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. New York: George Braziller, 1960.
*
Hilberseimer, Ludwig.
*
Johnson, Philip.
Mies van der Rohe. Chicago: P. Theobald, 1956.
Mies van der Rohe. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1947.
Hochman, Elaine S. Architects of Fortune: Mies van der Rohe and the Third Reich. New
York: Fromm International Publishing Corporation, 1990.
*
Schulze, Franz. Mies van der Rohe: A Critical Biography. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1985.
----------, ed.
1989.
Mies van der Rohe: Critical Essays. New York: The Museum of Modern Art,
Spaeth, David A. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe: An Annotated Bibliography and Chronology.
New York: Garland, 1979.
---------- Mies van der Rohe. New York: Rizzoli, 1985.
*
Speyer, A. James.
*
Tegethoff, Wolf. Mies van der Rohe: The Villas and the Country Houses.
Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1985.
Zukowsky, John, ed..
Rizzoli, 1986.
Mies van der Rohe. Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 1968.
Mies Reconsidered: His Career, Legacy, and Disciples. New York:
Hermann Muthesius (1861-1927)
D:\533573767.DOC
28
Muthesius, Hermann. The English House, ed. Dennis Sharp; trans. Janet Seligman. 1904,
1905; New York: Rizzoli, 1979.
Hans Poelzig (1869-1936)
*
Posener, Julius. Hans Poelzig: Reflections on his Life and Work. Cambridge, Mass.:
MIT Press, 1992.
Gerrit Thomas Rietveld (1888-1964)
Brown, Theodore M.
1958.
The Work of G. Rietveld, Architect.
Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press,
Buffinga, A. G. Th. Rietveld. Amsterdam: Meulenhoff, 1971.
Overy, Paul.
The Rietveld Schroeder House. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1988.
Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, ed.
1971.
G. Rietveld, Architect. Amsterdam: Teksten Catalogues,
Antonio Sant'Elia (1888-1916)
*
Caramel, Luciano.
1988.
Antonio Sant'Elia: The Complete Works. New York: Rizzoli,
Hans Scharoun (1893-1972)
Bürkle, J. Christoph.
Hans Scharoun. Zurich: Artemis, 1993.
Bruno Taut (1884-1967)
Taut, Bruno. Modern Architecture. London: The Studio, Ltd. [1929].
Henry Van de Velde (1863-1957)
D:\533573767.DOC
29
*
Sembach, Klaus-Jurgen.
Van de Velde, Henry.
L'Equerre, [1923].
Henry Van de Velde. New York: Rizzoli, 1989.
Formule de la beauté architectonique moderne. 1916-1917; Brussels:
Theodore van Doesburg (1883-1931)
Baljeu, Joost.
Theodore van Doesburg. London: Studio Vista, 1974.
Charles Francis Annesley Voysey (1857-1941)
Durant, Stuart.
C. F. A. Voysey. London: Academy Editions/St. Martin's Press, 1992.
D:\533573767.DOC