Before 1900
History
8/27/2007
"Those who cannot learn from history are doomed to repeat it."
G. Santayana
2400 BC
abacus
1455 Printing Press
1640 Arithmetic Machine
1600s Step Reckoner
1799 Battery
1820s Difference Engine
1838 Telegraph
1876 Telephone
1884 Television
"mechanical" counting frame
Guttenberg
Pascal, Add, subtract whole numbers
von Leibniz,
Multiply, divide through repeated
addition, subtraction
Volta
Babbage, design
Polynomials through repeated addition
logarithmic and trigonometric function
Morse electronic communication
Bell
Nipkow, transmission over wire
1
1900 → 1950s
1908
1930
1941
1943
Teletype
Boolean circuits
Z3
Colossus
History
8/27/2007
1945 Memex
1947 ACM
1948 Transistor
1951 Mark1
UNIVAC-1
Krum & Krum, telegraph + typewriter
Shannon, AND, OR, NOT
Zuse, electronic programmable device
Bletchley Park – Turing,
programmable decryption – Enigma
code
Bush, "hypertext"
Association of Computing Machinery
Bell labs - Bardeen, Brattain, Shockely
Ferranti, Ltd , commerical computer
Eckert & Mauchly,
1957 FORTRAN
IBM, high level programming language
2
1960s
465 Introduction
3
1960 Integrated circuit Noyce, Kilby
Algol
EH Zurich committee, structured programming
1960s IBM / 360
IBM, mainframe computers
1962 Spacewars
SketchPad
Russel, first video / computer game – CRT
Sutherland, interactive CG system
1963 NLS
Englebart – NLS, mouse. hypertext,
wysiwyg editor, text windows, paint …
Krull & Hanratty (GM), CAD system
Bell Labs, computer graphics on film
DAC-1
CG Film
1965 Basic
Kemeny & Kurtz
1967 Simula-67
Dahl & Nygaard OOP
1968 microprocessor
IMS
Intel – Faggin, Hoff, Mazor 4004
IBM – Watts DBMS
1969 ARPANET
Licklider (director) "Galactic Network"
1970 → 1975
465 Introduction
1970 Microprocessor
1971 Pascal
floppy disk
Wirth, commerical algol
IBM, Shugart
1972 Pong
Wumpus
C
Bushnell, video arcade game,
Yob, adventure game
Ritchie, unix (processes, stream,
micro-kernel, nroff, talk – IM)
BBN – Tomlinson & Roberts
email
1973 cell phone
Ethernet
Motorola – Cooper
XPARC – Metcalf, LANs
1974 SEQUEL
IBM – Boyce & Chamberlin, SQL
1975 Altair 8800
Microsoft
MITS Intel 8088 personal computer kit
Allen & Gates basic for the Altair
4
1976 → 1979
History
8/27/2007
1976 Copyright
Congress, US Copyright Act – fair use
1977 Apple II
Jobs & Wozniak color graphics personal
computer
1979 MUD
Anderson, Blank, Daniels, & Lebling
multi-user dungeon (Zork) ..
Goltz, commerical on-line email ...
Software Arts - Bricklin & Frankston,
spreadsheet
MicroPro – Barnaby & Rubenstein
CompuServe
VisiCalc
WordStar
5
1980 → 1985
History
8/27/2007
1980 Pac-Man
Iwatani, arcade game
1981 Xerox Star
Smalltalk
Patents
Elk Cloner
XPARC– Kay & Goldberg, OOP, GUI,
Supreme Court, software can be patented
virus apple II
1982 TCP/IP
Cert & Kahn, network protocol
1984
Apple – Raskin et.al, GUI w/ overlapping
windows
MIT - Getttys & Scheifler MIT, unix / C,
networked GUI, "free"
Macintosh
X Windows
1984 Open Source GNU Project, emacs
1985 NES
Windows
Nintendo game system (US), Mario Land
Microsoft
6
1986 → 1989
History
8/27/2007
1986 C++
Bell Labs, Stroustrup
1987 Hypercard
Apple – Atkinson, Macintosh hypertext
(Myst, Riven are stacks)
1988 Worm
Cornel U. - Morris, internet worm
1989 MP3
Fraunhofer‐Gesellshaft – Grill et. al.
7
1990 → 1994
History
8/27/2007
1990 Archie
Emtag, search engine
see also Salton, "Theory of Indexing"
1991
Web
Python
Linux
WIFI
Berners-Lee – http, no GUI …
Rossum
Torvalds (pre dated by Tannebaum's Minix)
NCR - Hayes
1992
OpenGL
Open system independent graphics API
1993 Newton
Doom
Mosaic
handheld PDA – GUI
"3D" first person shooter game, Id Co.
NCSA (Bina & Andreessen) Graphical
Web browser
1994 cookie
Netscape - Giannandrea &Montulli -browser information
Bezos, e-commerce
Filo & Yang, search engine, portals
Amazon
Yahoo
8
1995 →
1995
History
Java
eBay
VOIP
8/27/2007
Gosling
Omidyar, on-line auction e-commerce
Vocaltec
1996 spyware
smart phone
Zone labs
Nokia Communicator, cell phone + computer
1997 e theft
Ultima
Congress, no electronic theft law
Garriott, Ultima OnLine internet games
1998 DMCA
Congress, Digital Millennium Copyright Act
1999 Napster
craiglist
Fanning, peer – to – peer file sharing
Newmark, people – to – people personals
2002 C#
Friendster
Hejlsberg
Abrams, social networking
2004 WOW
Blizzard, World of Warcraft
2005 You Tube
Chen, Hurley & Karim – streaming video
9
Now
History
"Current" information technology use in USA
70 % are internet users (2007)
55 % homes with internet connected computers (2003)
84%
own a cell phone (predict 100% by 2013)
8/27/2007
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