Supplementary Table 1. Background information for fungal species. Genus, Species 5S rRNA Linkage to rDNA Unit Method of Data Collection References (GenBank Accession Number, Journal Article, URL) Absidia glauca non-coding strand Journal Article Agaricus arvensis coding strand Journal Article Agaricus augustus coding strand Journal Article Agaricus bernardii coding strand Journal Article Agaricus bisporus coding strand Journal Article Agaricus bitorquis coding strand Journal Article Agaricus campestris coding strand Journal Article Agaricus caroli coding strand Journal Article Agaricus chionodermis coding strand Journal Article Agaricus edulis coding strand Journal Article Agaricus excellans coding strand Journal Article Agaricus fissuratus coding strand Journal Article Agaricus hortensis coding strand Journal Article Agaricus langei coding strand Journal Article Agaricus macrocarpus coding strand Journal Article Agaricus nivescens coding strand Journal Article Wostemeyer J, Burmester A (1994) Dimorphism of rDNA organization in mating types of the zygomycete Absidia glauca. Microbiol Res 150:63-70 Bunyad BA, Nicholson MS, Royse DJ (1996) Phylogeny of the genus Agaricus inferred from restriction analysis of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA. Fungal Genet Biol 20:243–253 Bunyad BA, Nicholson MS, Royse DJ (1996) Phylogeny of the genus Agaricus inferred from restriction analysis of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA. Fungal Genet Biol 20:243–253 Bunyad BA, Nicholson MS, Royse DJ (1996) Phylogeny of the genus Agaricus inferred from restriction analysis of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA. Fungal Genet Biol 20:243–253 Cassidy JR, Pukkila PJ (1987) Inversion of 5S ribosomal RNA genes within the genus Coprinus. Curr Genet 12:33-39 Bunyad BA, Nicholson MS, Royse DJ (1996) Phylogeny of the genus Agaricus inferred from restriction analysis of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA. Fungal Genet Biol 20:243–253 Bunyad BA, Nicholson MS, Royse DJ (1996) Phylogeny of the genus Agaricus inferred from restriction analysis of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA. Fungal Genet Biol 20:243–253 Bunyad BA, Nicholson MS, Royse DJ (1996) Phylogeny of the genus Agaricus inferred from restriction analysis of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA. Fungal Genet Biol 20:243–253 Bunyad BA, Nicholson MS, Royse DJ (1996) Phylogeny of the genus Agaricus inferred from restriction analysis of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA. Fungal Genet Biol 20:243–253 Bunyad BA, Nicholson MS, Royse DJ (1996) Phylogeny of the genus Agaricus inferred from restriction analysis of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA. Fungal Genet Biol 20:243–253 Bunyad BA, Nicholson MS, Royse DJ (1996) Phylogeny of the genus Agaricus inferred from restriction analysis of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA. Fungal Genet Biol 20:243–253 Bunyad BA, Nicholson MS, Royse DJ (1996) Phylogeny of the genus Agaricus inferred from restriction analysis of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA. Fungal Genet Biol 20:243–253 Bunyad BA, Nicholson MS, Royse DJ (1996) Phylogeny of the genus Agaricus inferred from restriction analysis of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA. Fungal Genet Biol 20:243–253 Bunyad BA, Nicholson MS, Royse DJ (1996) Phylogeny of the genus Agaricus inferred from restriction analysis of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA. Fungal Genet Biol 20:243–253 Bunyad BA, Nicholson MS, Royse DJ (1996) Phylogeny of the genus Agaricus inferred from restriction analysis of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA. Fungal Genet Biol 20:243–253 Bunyad BA, Nicholson MS, Royse DJ (1996) Phylogeny of the genus Agaricus inferred from restriction analysis of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA. Fungal Genet Biol 20:243–253 Agaricus placomyces coding strand Journal Article Agaricus rodmanii coding strand Journal Article Agaricus silvaticus (synonym: Agaricus sylvaticus) Agaricus silvicola coding strand Journal Article coding strand Journal Article Agaricus subfloccosus coding strand Journal Article Agaricus subrufescens coding strand Journal Article Antrodia vailantii coding strand GenBank and Journal Article Armilliaria borealis coding strand Journal Article Armillaria cepistipes coding strand GenBank and Journal Article Armillaria fumosa coding strand Journal Article Armillaria gallica coding strand GenBank and Journal Article Armillaria hinnulea coding strand Journal Article Armillaria jezoensis coding strand GenBank and Journal Article Armillaria limonea coding strand Journal Article Armillaria lutea coding strand Journal Article Armillaria mellea coding strand GenBank and Journal Article Armillaria novaezelandiae coding strand Journal Article Bunyad BA, Nicholson MS, Royse DJ (1996) Phylogeny of the genus Agaricus inferred from restriction analysis of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA. Fungal Genet Biol 20:243–253 Bunyad BA, Nicholson MS, Royse DJ (1996) Phylogeny of the genus Agaricus inferred from restriction analysis of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA. Fungal Genet Biol 20:243–253 Bunyad BA, Nicholson MS, Royse DJ (1996) Phylogeny of the genus Agaricus inferred from restriction analysis of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA. Fungal Genet Biol 20:243–253 Bunyad BA, Nicholson MS, Royse DJ (1996) Phylogeny of the genus Agaricus inferred from restriction analysis of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA. Fungal Genet Biol 20:243–253 Bunyad BA, Nicholson MS, Royse DJ (1996) Phylogeny of the genus Agaricus inferred from restriction analysis of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA. Fungal Genet Biol 20:243–253 Bunyad BA, Nicholson MS, Royse DJ (1996) Phylogeny of the genus Agaricus inferred from restriction analysis of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA. Fungal Genet Biol 20:243–253 AM286436; Moreth U, Schmidt O (2005) Investigations on ribosomal DNA of indoor wood decay fungi for their characterization and identification. Holzforschung 59(1):90-93 Duchesne LC, Anderson JB (1990) Location and direction of transcription of the 5S rRNA gene in Armillaria. Mycol Res 94(2):266-269 D89919; Terashima K, Cha JY, Yajima T, Igarashi T, Miura K (1998) Phylogenetic analysis of Japanese Armillaria based on the intergenic spacer (IGS) sequences of their ribosomal DNA. Eur J Forest Pathol 28:11-19 Duchesne LC, Anderson JB. 1990. Location and direction of transcription of the 5S rRNA gene in Armillaria. Mycol Res 94(2):266-269 D89920; Terashima K, Cha JY, Yajima T, Igarashi T, Miura K (1998) Phylogenetic analysis of Japanese Armillaria based on the intergenic spacer (IGS) sequences of their ribosomal DNA. Eur J Forest Pathol 28:11-19 Duchesne LC, Anderson JB. 1990. Location and direction of transcription of the 5S rRNA gene in Armillaria. Mycol Res 94(2):266-269 D89921; Terashima K, Cha JY, Yajima T, Igarashi T, Miura K (1998) Phylogenetic analysis of Japanese Armillaria based on the intergenic spacer (IGS) sequences of their ribosomal DNA. Eur J Forest Pathol 28:11-19 Duchesne LC, Anderson JB (1990) Location and direction of transcription of the 5S rRNA gene in Armillaria. Mycol Res 94(2):266-269 Duchesne LC, Anderson JB (1990) Location and direction of transcription of the 5S rRNA gene in Armillaria. Mycol Res 94(2):266-269 D89922; Terashima K, Cha JY, Yajima T, Igarashi T, Miura K (1998) Phylogenetic analysis of Japanese Armillaria based on the intergenic spacer (IGS) sequences of their ribosomal DNA. Eur J Forest Pathol 28:11-19 Duchesne LC, Anderson JB (1990) Location and direction of transcription of the 5S rRNA gene in Armillaria. Mycol Res 94(2):266-269 Armillaria ostoyae coding strand GenBank and Journal Article Armillaria sinapina coding strand GenBank and Journal Article Armillaria singula coding strand GenBank and Journal Article Armillaria tabascens coding strand Journal Article Ashbya gossypii (synonym: Eremothecium gossypii) Aspergillus clavatus non-coding strand GenBank and Journal Article none Aspergillus fischerianus (teleomorph: Neosartoya fischeri) Aspergillus fumigatus (synonym: Aspergillus phialiseptus) Aspergillus nidulans (teleomorph: Emericella nidulans) Aspergillus niger none Broad Institute Rfam Blastall Aspergillus oryzae none Aspergillus terreus none Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Botrytis cinerea (teleomorph: Botryotinia fuckeliana) Candida albicans none Candida dubliniensis D89923, D89924; Terashima K, Cha JY, Yajima T, Igarashi T, Miura K (1998) Phylogenetic analysis of Japanese Armillaria based on the intergenic spacer (IGS) sequences of their ribosomal DNA. Eur J Forest Pathol 28:11-19 D89925; Terashima K, Cha JY, Yajima T, Igarashi T, Miura K (1998) Phylogenetic analysis of Japanese Armillaria based on the intergenic spacer (IGS) sequences of their ribosomal DNA. Eur J Forest Pathol 28:11-19 D89926; Terashima K, Cha JY, Yajima T, Igarashi T, Miura K (1998) Phylogenetic analysis of Japanese Armillaria based on the intergenic spacer (IGS) sequences of their ribosomal DNA. Eur J Forest Pathol 28:11-19 Duchesne LC, Anderson JB (1990) Location and direction of transcription of the 5S rRNA gene in Armillaria. Mycol Res 94(2):266-269 NC_005788, Wendland J, Pohlmann R, Dietrich F, Steiner S, Mohr C, Philippsen P (1999) Compact organization of rRNA genes in the filamentous fungus Ashbya gossypii. Curr Genet 35: 618-625 <http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/aspergillus_group/Rfam.html> AY924883 (A. unguis 5S rRNA query), AB185254 (N. fischeri rDNA query); <ftp://ftp.tigr.org/pub/data/Eukaryotic_Projects/n_fischeri/annotation_dbs/> (A. fischerianus genome) <http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/aspergillus_group/Rfam.html> none Broad Institute Rfam none Journal Article Lockington RA, Taylor GG, Winther M, Scazzocchio C, Davies RW (1982) A physical map of the ribosomal DNA repeat unit of Aspergillus nidulans. Gene 20:135-137 none NT_166520 (A. niger genome), EF105366 (A. niger rDNA query), X00691 (A. niger 5S rRNA query) none NCBI BLAST 2 Sequences Broad Institute Rfam Broad Institute Rfam Broad Institute Rfam Blastall non-coding strand GenBank non-coding strand Blastall <http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/aspergillus_group/Rfam.html> <http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/aspergillus_group/Rfam.html> <http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/batrachochytrium_dendrobatidis/Rfam.html> AY544695 (B. fuckeliana 18S rRNA query), AY924895 (F. cerealis 5S rRNA query), <http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/botrytis_cinerea/Downloads.html> (B. cinerea genome) NW_139715 X00868 (C. albicans 5S rRNA query), X99399 (C. dubliniensis 18S rRNA query) <ftp://ftp.sanger.ac.uk/pub/pathogens/Candida/dubliniensis> (C. dubliniensis genome) Candida glabrata (synonyms: Cryptococcus glabratus, Torulopsis glabrata, Torulopsis stercoralis) non-coding strand (x2) Journal Article Dujon B, Sherman D, Fischer G, Durrens P, Casaregola S, Lafontaine I, De Montigny J, Marck C, Neuvéglise C, Talla E, Goffard N, Frangeul L, Aigle M, Anthouard V, Babour A, Barbe V, Barnay S, Blanchin S, Beckerich JM, Beyne E, Bleykasten C, Boisramé A, Boyer J, Cattolico L, Confanioleri F, De Daruvar A, Despons L, Fabre E, Fairhead C, Ferry-Dumazet H, Groppi A, Hantraye F, Hennequin C, Jauniaux N, Joyet P, Kachouri R, Kerrest A, Koszul R, Lemaire M, Lesur I, Ma L, Muller H, Nicaud JM, Nikolski M, Oztas S, Ozier-Kalogeropoulos O, Pellenz S, Potier S, Richard GF, Straub ML, Suleau A, Swennen D, Tekaia F, Wésolowski-Louvel M, Westhof E, Wirth B, Zeniou-Meyer M, Zivanovic I, Bolotin-Fukuhara M, Thierry A, Bouchier C, Caudron B, Scarpelli C, Gaillardin C, Weissenbach J, Wincker P, Souciet JL (2004) Genome evolution in yeasts. Nature 430:35-44 Clare JJ, Davidow LS, Gardner DCJ, Oliver SG (1986) Cloning and characterisation of the ribosomal RNA genes of the dimorphic yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica. Curr Genet 10:449-45 Candida lipolityca (teleomorph: Yarrowia lipolityca) Candida lusitaniae (synonym: Candida parapsilosis var. obtuse, telomorph: Clavispora lusitaniae) Candida parapsilosis none Journal Article coding or noncoding strand Blastall DQ249209 (C. lusitaniae 18S rRNA query), YSA1785 (C. parapsilosis 5S rRNA query) <http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/candida_lusitaniae/Downloads.html> (C. lusitaniae genome) non-coding strand Blastall Candida tropicalis non-coding strand Clavispora opuntiae non-coding strand Broad Institute Rfam Journal Article AY055855 (C. parapsilosis 18S rRNA query), YSA1785 (C. parapsilosis 5S rRNA query), <ftp://ftp.sanger.ac.uk/pub/pathogens/Candida/parapsilosis> (C. parapsilosis genome) <http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/candida_tropicalis/Rfam.html> Coccidioides immitis none Coccidioides posadasii none Cochliobolus heterostrophus (anamorph: Bipolaris maydis, synonym: Helminthosporium maydis) Coprinus atramentarius (synonym: Coprinopsis atramentaria) Coprinus cinereus none Broad Institute Rfam Broad Institute Rfam Journal Article coding strand Journal Article Cassidy JR, Pukkila PJ (1987) Inversion of 5S ribosomal RNA genes within the genus Coprinus. Curr Genet 12:33-39 coding strand Journal Article Coprinus comatus non-coding strand Journal Article Cassidy JR, Pukkila PJ (1987) Inversion of 5S ribosomal RNA genes within the genus Coprinus. Curr Genet 12:33-39 Cassidy JR, Pukkila PJ (1987) Inversion of 5S ribosomal RNA genes within the genus Coprinus. Curr Lachance MA, Starmer WT, Bowles JM, Phaff HJ, Rosa CA (1999) Ribosomal DNA, species structure, and biogeography of the cactophilic yeast Clavispora opuntiae. Can J Microbiol 46:195– 210 <http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/coccidioides_group/Rfam.html> <http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/coccidioides_group/Rfam.html> Garber RC, Turgeon BG, Selker EU, Yoder OC (1988) Organization of the ribosomal RNA genes in the fungus Cochliobolus heterostrophus. Curr Genet 14:573-582 (synonym: Agaricus comatus, Coprinopsis comatus) Coprinus micaceus Genet 12:33-39 coding strand Journal Article Cryptococcus gattii coding strand GenBank and Journal Article Debaryomyces hanseni (anamorph: Candida famata, synonym: Torulaspora hansenii) non-coding strand (x2) Journal Article Encephalitozoon cuniculi none GenBank Filobasidiella depauperata Filobasidiella neoformans (anamorph: Cryptococcus neoformans) Flammulina velutipes none Journal Article coding strand GenBank and Journal Article coding strand Fusarium graminearum (anamorph: Gibberella zeae) Fusarium oxysporum none GenBank and Journal Article Broad Institute Rfam AB286985; Babasaki K, Neda H, Murata H (2007) megB1, a novel macroevolutionary genomic marker of the fungal phylum Basidiomycota. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 71:1927-1939 <http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/fusarium_group/Rfam.html> <http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/fusarium_group/Rfam.html> Fusarium solani (teleomorph: Haematonectria haematococca, Nectria haemotococca,) Fusarium verticillioides (anamorph: Gibberella moniliformis, synonym: Fusarium moniliforme) non-coding strand Broad Institute Rfam GenBank Broad Institute Rfam <http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/fusarium_group/Rfam.html> none none Cassidy JR, Pukkila PJ (1987) Inversion of 5S ribosomal RNA genes within the genus Coprinus. Curr Genet 12:33-39 DQ007967; Diaz MR, Boekhout T, Kiesling T, Fell JW (2005) Comparative analysis of the intergenic spacer regions and population structure of the species complex of the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. FEMS Yeast Res 5:1129-1140 Dujon B, Sherman D, Fischer G, Durrens P, Casaregola S, Lafontaine I, De Montigny J, Marck C, Neuvéglise C, Talla E, Goffard N, Frangeul L, Aigle M, Anthouard V, Babour A, Barbe V, Barnay S, Blanchin S, Beckerich JM, Beyne E, Bleykasten C, Boisramé A, Boyer J, Cattolico L, Confanioleri F, De Daruvar A, Despons L, Fabre E, Fairhead C, Ferry-Dumazet H, Groppi A, Hantraye F, Hennequin C, Jauniaux N, Joyet P, Kachouri R, Kerrest A, Koszul R, Lemaire M, Lesur I, Ma L, Muller H, Nicaud JM, Nikolski M, Oztas S, Ozier-Kalogeropoulos O, Pellenz S, Potier S, Richard GF, Straub ML, Suleau A, Swennen D, Tekaia F, Wésolowski-Louvel M, Westhof E, Wirth B, Zeniou-Meyer M, Zivanovic I, Bolotin-Fukuhara M, Thierry A, Bouchier C, Caudron B, Scarpelli C, Gaillardin C, Weissenbach J, Wincker P, Souciet JL (2004) Genome evolution in yeasts. Nature 430:35-44 NC_003231, NC_003232, NC_003234, NC_003238, NC_003242 Kwon-Chung KJ, Chang YC, Penoyer L (1997) Species of the genus Filobasidiella differ in the organization of their 5S rRNA genes. Mycologia 89:244-249 BR000310; Kwon-Chung KJ, Chang YC, Penoyer L (1997) Species of the genus Filobasidiella differ in the organization of their 5S rRNA genes. Mycologia 89:244-249 AJ317959 Grifola frondosa coding strand GenBank AB069683 Hebeloma cylindrosporum coding strand Journal Article Histoplasma capsulatum (teleomorph: Ajellomyces capsulatus) none Blastall Kluyveromyces lactis non-coding strand GenBank and Journal Article Kluyveromyces waltii non-coding strand Laccaria bicolor coding strand NCBI Genomic BLAST GenBank and Journal Article Lentinula boryana coding strand Lentinula edodes coding strand Lodderomyces elongisporus Magnaporthe grisea non-coding strand Guidot A, Lumina E, Debaud JC, Marmeisse R (1999) The nuclear ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer as a target sequence to study intraspecific diversity of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Hebeloma cylindrosporum directly on Pinus root systems. Appl Environ Microbiol 65: 903-909 AB071831 (A. capsulatum rDNA query), AY924883 (A. unguis 5S rRNA query) <http://genome.wustl.edu/pub/organism/Fungi/Histoplasma_capsulatum/> (H. capsulatum genome) <http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/histoplasma_capsulatum/Rfam.html > (Broad Insitute Rfam) DQ130100; Verbeet MP, van Heerikhuizen H, Klootwijk J, Fontijn RD, Planta RJ (1984) Evolution of yeast ribosomal DNA: Molecular cloning of the rDNA units of Kluyveromyces lactis and Hansenula wingei and their comparison with the rDNA units of other Saccharomycetoideae. Mol Gen Genet 195:116-125 AF543841 (K. marxianus rDNA query), YSKRRA (K. lactis 5S rRNA query), <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/genom_table.cgi?organism=fungi&database=262981> AF116534; Martin F, Selosse MA, Le Tacon F (1999) The nuclear rDNA intergenic spacer of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor: Structural analysis and allelic polymorphism. Microbiology 145: 1605-1611 AB286978; Babasaki K, Neda H, Murata H (2007) megB1, a novel macroevolutionary genomic marker of the fungal phylum Basidiomycota. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 71:1927-1939 AB286982; Babasaki K, Neda H, Murata H (2007) megB1, a novel macroevolutionary genomic marker of the fungal phylum Basidiomycota. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 71:1927-1939 <http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/lodderomyces_elongisporus/Rfam.html> Malassezia globosa coding or noncoding strand Mrakia frigida (synonym: Cryptococcus curiosus) Mrakia gelida coding strand Mrakia nivalis coding strand Mrakia stokesii coding strand Mucor racemosus coding or noncoding strand none Neurospora crassa none coding strand GenBank and Journal Article GenBank and Journal Article Broad Institute Rfam Broad Institute Rfam Journal Article GenBank and Journal Article GenBank and Journal Article GenBank and Journal Article GenBank and Journal Article Journal Article Journal Article <http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/magnaporthe_grisea/Rfam.html> Sugita T, Kodama M, Saito M, Ito T, Kato Y, Tsuboi R, Nishikawa A (2003) Sequence diversity of the intergenic spacer region of the rRNA gene of Malassezia globosa colonizing the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis and healthy individuals. J Clin Microbiol 41:3022-3027 AF144414; Diaz MR, Fell JW (2000) Molecular analyses of the IGS & ITS regions of rDNA of the psychrophilic yeasts in the genus Mrakia. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 77: 7-12 AF144416; Diaz MR, Fell JW (2000) Molecular analyses of the IGS & ITS regions of rDNA of the psychrophilic yeasts in the genus Mrakia. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 77: 7-12 AF144415; Diaz MR, Fell JW (2000) Molecular analyses of the IGS & ITS regions of rDNA of the psychrophilic yeasts in the genus Mrakia. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 77: 7-12 AF144417; Diaz MR, Fell JW (2000) Molecular analyses of the IGS & ITS regions of rDNA of the psychrophilic yeasts in the genus Mrakia. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 77: 7-12 Cihlar RL, Sypherd PY (1980) The organization of the ribosomal RNA genes in the fungus Mucor racemosus. Nucleic Acids Res 8:793-804 Metzenberg RL, Stevens JN, Selker EU (1985) Identification and chromosomal distribution of 5S rRNA genes in Neurospora crassa. PNAS 82:2067-2071 Nosema antheraeae coding strand Journal Article Nosema bombycis coding strand Nosema ceranae non-coding strand GenBank and Journal Article GenBank and Journal Article Nosema spodopterae coding strand Journal Article Paracoccidioides brassiliensis none Blastall Phaffia rhodozyma coding or noncoding strand Journal Article Pholiota abstrusa coding strand Pholiota aurivella coding strand Pholiota nameko coding strand Pholiota spumosa coding strand Pichia angusta (anamorph: Candida pelliculosa, synonym: Hansenula polymorpha) Pichia anomala (synonym: Candida javanica, Hansenula anomala) Pichia canadensis (synonym: Hansenula wingei) coding strand GenBank and Journal Article GenBank and Journal Article GenBank and Journal Article GenBank and Journal Article GenBank and Journal Article Pichia jadinii (anamorph: Candida utilis, synonym: Torula utilis, Torulopsis utilis) Wang LL, Chen KP, Zhang Z, Yao Q, Gao GT, Zhao Y (2006) Phylogenetic analysis of Nosema antheraeae (Microsporidia) isolated from Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi. J Eukaryot Microbiol 53:310–313 AY259631; Huang WF, Tsai SJ, Lo CF, Soichi Y, Wang CH (2004) The novel organization and complete sequence of the ribosomal RNA gene of Nosema bombycis. Fungal Genet Biol 41: 473-481 EF091885; Huang WF, Bocquet M, Lee KC, Sung IH, Jiang JH, Chen YW, Wang CH (2008) The comparison of rDNA spacer regions of Nosema ceranae isolates from different hosts and locations. J Invertebr Pathol 97:9-13 Tsai SJ, Huang WF, Wang CH (2005) Complete sequence and gene organization of the Nosema spodopterae rRNA gene. J Eukaryot Microbiol 52:52-54 AB035710 (P. brassiliensis rDNA query), AY924944 (N. crassa 5S rRNA query), <http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/paracoccidioides_brasiliensis/MultiDownloads.html> (P. brassilensis genome) Fell JW, Blatt GM (1999) Separation of strains of the yeasts Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous and Phaffia rhodozyma based on rDNA IGS and ITS sequence analysis. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology 23: 677-681 AB286999; Babasaki K, Neda H, Murata H (2007) megB1, a novel macroevolutionary genomic marker of the fungal phylum Basidiomycota. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 71:1927-1939 AB286998; Babasaki K, Neda H, Murata H (2007) megB1, a novel macroevolutionary genomic marker of the fungal phylum Basidiomycota. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 71:1927-1939 AB286997; Babasaki K, Neda H, Murata H (2007) megB1, a novel macroevolutionary genomic marker of the fungal phylum Basidiomycota. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 71:1927-1939 AB287000; Babasaki K, Neda H, Murata H. (2007) megB1, a novel macroevolutionary genomic marker of the fungal phylum Basidiomycota. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 71:1927-1939 AF467695; Klabunde J, Diesel A, Waschk D, Gellissen G, Hollenberg CP, Suckow M (2002) Singlestep co-integration of multiple expressible heterologous genes into the ribosomal DNA of the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 58(6): 797-805 coding strand GenBank and Journal Article AY231605; Sutar R, David JK, Ganesan K, Ghosh AK, Singhi S, Chakrabarti A, Bachhawat AK (2004) Comparison of ITS and IGS1 regions for strain typing of clinical and non-clinical isolates of Pichia anomala. J Med Microbiol 53:119-123 non-coding strand Journal Article non-coding strand Journal Article Verbeet MP, van Heerikhuizen H, Klootwijk J, Fontijn RD, Planta RJ (1984) Evolution of yeast ribosomal DNA: Molecular cloning of the rDNA units of Kluyveromyces lactis and Hansenula wingei and their comparison with the rDNA units of other Saccharomycetoideae. Mol Gen Genet 195:116125 Tabata S (1980) Structure of the 5-S ribosomal RNA gene and its adjacent regions in Torulopsis utilis. Eur J Biochem 110: 107-114 Pichia stipitis non-coding strand Blastall Pleurotus eryngii coding strand Pleurotus fuscus coding strand Pleurotus nebrodensis coding strand Pleurotus ostreatus coding strand Pleurotus pulmonarius coding strand Pneumocystis carinii none GenBank and Journal Article GenBank and Journal Article GenBank and Journal Article GenBank and Journal Article GenBank and Journal Article Journal Article Podospora anserina none Journal Article Puccinia coronata coding strand Journal Article Puccinia graminis coding strand Puccinia recondita coding strand Broad Institute Rfam Journal Article Pyrenophora graminea coding strand Journal Article Rhizoctonia solani (teleomorph: Thanatephorus praticola) Rhizomucor miehei coding or noncoding strand Journal Article non-coding strand Rhizopus oryzae coding strand Saccharomyces bayanus non-coding strand GenBank and Journal Article Broad Institute Rfam GenBank Saccharomyces castellii (synonym: Naumovia castellii) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (anamorph: Candida robusta, synonym: non-coding strand Blastall non-coding strand Journal Article AB054280 (P. stipitis 18S rRNA query), YSRRRA (P. membranifaciens 5S rRNA query) <http://genome.jgi-psf.org/Picst3/Picst3.download.ftp.html> (P. stipitis genome) AB234047; Babasaki K, Neda H, Murata H (2007) megB1, a novel macroevolutionary genomic marker of the fungal phylum Basidiomycota. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 71:1927-1939 AB234033; Babasaki K, Neda H, Murata H (2007) megB1, a novel macroevolutionary genomic marker of the fungal phylum Basidiomycota. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 71:1927-1939 AB286121; Babasaki K, Neda H, Murata H (2007) megB1, a novel macroevolutionary genomic marker of the fungal phylum Basidiomycota. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 71:1927-1939 AB234029; Babasaki K, Neda H, Murata H (2007) megB1, a novel macroevolutionary genomic marker of the fungal phylum Basidiomycota. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 71:1927-1939 AB234031; Babasaki K, Neda H, Murata H (2007) megB1, a novel macroevolutionary genomic marker of the fungal phylum Basidiomycota. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 71:1927-1939 Yoganathan T, Lin H, Buck GA (1989) An electrophoretic karyotype and assignment of ribosomal genes to resolved chromosomes of Pneumocystis carinii. Mol Microbiol 3: 1473-1480 Labat N, Perrot M, Bégueret J (1985) Cloning and characterization of the rDNA repeat unit of Podospora anserina. Mol Gen Genet 199:154-157 Kim WK, Zerucha T, Klassen GR (1992) A region of heterogeneity adjacent to the 5S ribosomal RNA gene of cereal rusts. Curr Genet 22:101-105 <http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/puccinia_graminis/Rfam.html> Kim WK, Zerucha T, Klassen GR (1992) A region of heterogeneity adjacent to the 5S ribosomal RNA gene of cereal rusts. Curr Genet 22:101-105 Amici A, Rollo F (1991) The nucleotide sequence of the 5S ribosomal RNA gene of Pyrenophora graminea. Nucleic Acids Res 19:5073 Vigalys R, Gonzalez D (1990) Organization of ribosomal DNA in the basidiomycete Thanatephorus praticola. Curr Genet 18:277-280 AF205941; Maicas S, Adam AC, Polaina J (2000) The ribosomal DNA of the Zygomycete Mucor miehei. Curr Genet 37:412-419 <http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/rhizopus_oryzae/Rfam.html> DQ130079; Ganley ARD, Hayashi K, Horiuchi T, Kobayashi T (2005) Identifying gene-independent noncoding functional elements in the yeast ribosomal DNA by phylogenetic footprinting. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:11787-11792 AY198397 (C. glabrata 5S rRNA query), Z75577 (S. castellii 18S rRNA query), <ftp://genome-ftp.stanford.edu/yeast/data_download/sequence/fungal_ genomes/S_castellii/WashU> (S. castellii genome) Z73326; Kramer RA, Philippsen P, Davis RW (1978) Divergent transcription in the yeast ribosomal RNA coding region as shown by hybridization to separated strands and sequence analysis of cloned DNA. J Mol Biol 123:405-416 Hormiscium cerevisiae, Mycotorula robusta, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis) Saccharomyces dairenensis non-coding strand GenBank and Journal Article DQ130085; Ganley ARD, Hayashi K, Horiuchi T, Kobayashi T (2005) Identifying gene-independent noncoding functional elements in the yeast ribosomal DNA by phylogenetic footprinting. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:11787-11792 Saccharomyces exiguus non-coding strand GenBank and Journal Article DQ130081; Ganley ARD, Hayashi K, Horiuchi T, Kobayashi T (2005) Identifying gene-independent noncoding functional elements in the yeast ribosomal DNA by phylogenetic footprinting. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:11787-11792 Saccharomyces kluyveri (synonym: Lachancea kluyveri) non-coding strand GenBank and Journal Article DQ130084; Ganley ARD, Hayashi K, Horiuchi T, Kobayashi T (2005) Identifying gene-independent noncoding functional elements in the yeast ribosomal DNA by phylogenetic footprinting. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:11787-11792 Saccharomyces kudriavzevii non-coding strand GenBank and Journal Article Saccharomyces mikatae non-coding strand GenBank and Journal Article Saccharomyces paradoxus non-coding strand GenBank and Journal Article Saccharomyces pastorianus non-coding strand GenBank and Journal Article Saccharomyces rosei (synonym: Torulaspora delbrueckii) Saccharomyces servazzii non-coding strand Journal Article non-coding strand GenBank and Journal Article Saccharomyces unisporus non-coding strand GenBank Schizophyllum commune coding strand Journal Article Schizosaccharomyces none Broad Institute DQ130076; Ganley ARD, Hayashi K, Horiuchi T, Kobayashi T (2005) Identifying gene-independent noncoding functional elements in the yeast ribosomal DNA by phylogenetic footprinting. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:11787-11792 DQ130080; Ganley ARD, Hayashi K, Horiuchi T, Kobayashi T (2005) Identifying gene-independent noncoding functional elements in the yeast ribosomal DNA by phylogenetic footprinting. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:11787-11792 BR000309; Ganley ARD, Hayashi K, Horiuchi T, Kobayashi T (2005) Identifying gene-independent noncoding functional elements in the yeast ribosomal DNA by phylogenetic footprinting. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:11787-11792 DQ130078; Ganley ARD, Hayashi K, Horiuchi T, Kobayashi T (2005) Identifying gene-independent noncoding functional elements in the yeast ribosomal DNA by phylogenetic footprinting. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:11787-11792 Verbeet MP, Klootwijk J, van Heerikhuizen H, Fontijn R, Vreugdenhil E, Planta RJ (1983) Molecular cloning of the rDNA of Saccharomyces rosei and comparison of its transcription initiation region with that of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. Gene 23:53-63 DQ130082; Ganley ARD, Hayashi K, Horiuchi T, Kobayashi T (2005) Identifying gene-independent noncoding functional elements in the yeast ribosomal DNA by phylogenetic footprinting. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:11787-11792 DQ130083; Ganley ARD, Hayashi K, Horiuchi T, Kobayashi T (2005) Identifying gene-independent noncoding functional elements in the yeast ribosomal DNA by phylogenetic footprinting. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:11787-11792 Buckner B, Novotny CP, Ullrich RC (1988) Organization of the ribosomal RNA gene of Schizophyllum commune. Curr Genet 12:33-36 <http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/schizosaccharomyces_japonicus/Rfam.html> japonicus Rfam Schizosaccharomyces octosporus Schizosaccharomyces pombe Sclerotinia sclerotiorum none Tilletia caries coding strand Broad Institute Rfam GenBank and Journal Article Broad Institute Rfam Journal Article Tilletia controversa coding strand Journal Article Tilletia laevis coding strand GenBank Trichoderma reesei (teleomorph: Hypocrea jecorina) Tricholoma bakamotsutake Tricholoma matsutake none Blastall AF548103 (H. jecorina 18S rRNA query), D88368 (H. lutea 5S rRNA query), <http://genome.jgi-psf.org/Trire2/Trire2.download.ftp.html> (H. jecorina genome) coding strand GenBank DQ323057 coding strand Trichosporon dermatis (synonym: Cryptococcus humicola) Uncinocarpus reesei coding strand GenBank and Journal Article GenBank DQ323062; Babasaki K, Neda H, Murata H (2007) megB1, a novel macroevolutionary genomic marker of the fungal phylum Basidiomycota. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 71:1927-1939 EU081842 <http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/uncinocarpus_reesii/Rfam.html> Ustilago maydis (synonym: Ustilago zeae) Vanderwaltozyma polyspora (synonym: Kluyveromyces polysporus) Xanthopyllomyces dendrorhous none Broad Institute Rfam Journal Article non-coding strand GenBank coding or noncoding strand Journal Article none none none <http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/schizosaccharomyces_japonicus/Rfam.html> NC_003421; Tabata S (1981) Nucleotide sequences of the 5S ribosomal RNA genes and their adjacent regions in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Nucleic Acids Res 9:6429-6437 <http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/sclerotinia_sclerotiorum/Rfam.html> DQ354964; Zerucha T, Kim WK, Mauthe W, Klassen GR (1992) The location and nucleotide sequence of the 5S rRNA gene of bunt wheat, Tilletia caries and Tilletia controversa. Nucleic Acids Res 20:2600 DQ354962; Zerucha T, Kim WK, Mauthe W, Klassen GR (1992) The location and nucleotide sequence of the 5S rRNA gene of bunt wheat, Tilletia caries and Tilletia controversa. Nucleic Acids Res 20:2600 DQ354967 Kahmann R, Kämper J (2004) Ustilago maydis: How its biology relates to pathogenic development. New Phytologist 164:31–42 NW_001834527 Fell JW, Blatt GM (1999) Separation of strains of the yeasts Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous and Phaffia rhodozyma based on rDNA IGS and ITS sequence analysis. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology 23: 677-681