31. In which diagram are the layers of Earth correctly labeled?
32. The map below indicates the possible location of some of Earth’s continents in the past.
Which evidence best supports the idea that the landmasses on Earth were once in these positions?
(1) North America and India have matching mountain chains.
(2) Madagascar and India have similar shapes.
(3) Matching rock layers can be found in Africa and South America.
(4) Bedrock in Australia and Greenland have glacier scratches.
33. The chart below compares three types of rocks. The first column gives the rock classification.
Which heading best describes the information provided in the second column?
Rock Classification
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
(1) Minerals in Rocks
(2) Method of Rock Formation
???
melting and solidification of magma
mechanical, chemical, or organic processes
heat and/or pressure
(3) The Value of Rocks
(4) The Time Rocks Take to Form
43. The diagram below shows some ways in which groundwater can be affected by humans.
Which statement is best supported by the diagram?
(1) Chemicals applied by farmers lower the level of pollution in drinking water.
(2) Drinking water can become polluted from unsuspected sources.
(3) Human activities do not affect groundwater.
(4) Toxic waste is safe if buried below the level of the basements of nearby homes.
6. The diagram below shows three stages in the formation of a beach.
Which process is mostly responsible for the breaking down of the rock cliff into sand-sized
sediment?
(1) weathering
(3) folding
(2) faulting
(4) precipitation
8. The map below shows the probable location of some of the continents at one time in the past.
What feature of the continents best suggests that they were once joined?
(1) Some continents fit together like puzzle parts.
(2) Some continents are the same size.
(3) All continents have mountain ranges.
(4) All continents contain the same crustal composition.
Base your answers to questions 46 through 48 on the cross section below and on your
knowledge of science. The cross section shows the heat flow and movement of some
material within Earth, causing sections of Earth’s crust (plates) to move.
46. How does the temperature of Earth’s crust compare to the temperature of Earth’s interior? [1]
__________________________________________________________
47. Name two geologic features or events that might result from the movement of crustal plates.
[2]
(1) _______________________________________________________
(2) _______________________________________________________
48. How does the thickness of Earth’s oceanic crust compare to the thickness of the continental
crust? [1]
__________________________________________________________
Base your answers to questions 49 and 50 on the graph below and data table on page 17.
Base your answers to questions 51 through 53 on the map below and on your knowledge of
science. The map shows earthquake activity in and around the United States. Earthquake
activity is indicated by dots.
51. State one reason that there are more earthquakes in the western section of the area shown on
the map. [1]
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
52. According to the map, what is the latitude and longitude of the location at letter X? [Your
answer must include a value, unit, and direction for each.] [2]
Latitude: ________________________________
Longitude: ________________________________
53. List two actions that residents of the west coast might include in an earthquake emergency
preparedness plan. [2]
(1) _______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
(2) _______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
70. The diagram below shows the rock cycle in Earth’s crust. Use this rock cycle diagram to fill
in the rock types and method of formation that have been left blank in the chart below. [3]
Rock Type
Method of Formation
melting and solidification
deposition, compaction, and cementation
Metamorphic
16. The drawing below shows the original size and shape of a rock sample before it is thrown
into a rapidly moving stream.
Which drawing best shows the actual size and shape the rock will have after being carried
several hundred miles downstream and deposited?
17. The diagram below shows stages in the development of a certain landscape.
When did erosion become the most dominant process in the development of the landscape shown
in stage 4?
(1) at stage 1
(3) between stages 2 and 3
(2) at stage 2
(4) between stages 3 and 4
18. The diagram below shows a cross section of rock layers in Earth’s crust.
The forces shown in the diagram caused the rock layers to
(1) fault
(3) form
(2) fold
(4) expand
19. The graph below shows tide levels for two days at an ocean location.
Approximately how many hours are between the high tide on Tuesday and the first high tide on
Wednesday?
(1) 6 hours
(3) 12 hours
(2) 9 hours
(4) 18 hours
Base your answers to questions 49 through 51 on the contour map below and on your
knowledge of science. The map shows a portion of an island. The elevations shown on the
island are in meters (m).
49. What is the elevation of point X? [1]
___________ m
50. Explain how the contour lines shown on the map can be used to determine which area of the
island has the steepest slope. [1]
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
51. On the map above, shade in the entire area of the island that would be under water if the
ocean level rose 40 meters. [1]
Base your answers to questions 40 and 41 on the topographic map below, which shows the
elevation of land in feet above sea level. Points A, B, and C are locations on the map.
40. A camper walked from point A to point B by taking a path shown by the dotted line. What is
the approximate distance the camper walked?
(1) 1.5 miles
(3) 3.0 miles
(2) 2.5 miles
(4) 3.5 miles
41. What is a possible elevation of point C?
(1) 75 feet
(3) 95 feet
(2) 85 feet
(4) 105 feet
61. The data table below shows two physical properties of the minerals quartz and amphibole
(hornblende).
Select the physical property from the table that can distinguish quartz from amphibole and
describe a procedure that can be used to test this property. [1]
Physical property: _________________________________
Procedure: _______________________________________________
______________________________________________________
62. A diagram of the rock cycle is shown below.
Identify two processes most directly involved in the formation of an igneous rock. [1]
______________________________ and ______________________________