Section 1: The basic material
1. The metric unit used to measure linear dimensions is
a. kelvin
b. meter
c. candela
d: kilogram
.2. Chemistry is a science which primarily studies
a. the weather c. matter and reactions matter undergoes
b. energy from the sun_
d. living things
3. The metric system is preferred by scientist because the units of dimension are related
to each other by an integral power of
a. 12
b. 1
c. 10
d. 5
4. How can the mass of an object be measured?
a. by using a meter stick
b. by using a balance
c. by using a thermometer
d. by using a graduated cylinder
1.01 Development of Current Atomic Theory
l. John Dalton's atomic theory included all of the following except that a.
atoms are the smallest particles of matter
b. atoms of different elements are different c.
atoms of the same element ere identical d.
atoms are negatively charged
~, Which of the following statements is true?
a. atoms of the same element may have different masses b
atoms may be subdivided
c atom ns can never be combined with any other atoms
d matter is composed of large particles called atoms
3.
Rutherford% experimental results led him to conclude that atoms contain massive,
central regions that have
a a positive charge
c. no charge
b a negative charge
d. both protons and electrons
~; The charge of the electron cloud
a prevents compounds from forming
b neutralizes the charge of the nucleus
c. attracts other atoms to form compounds d
does not exist
5. A general region outside the nucleus where an electron can most probably be found is
a
the electron configuration
c. s sublevel
b. quantum
d. electron cloud
1.02 The Nature of Atomic Structure
I . The nucleus of the atom is composed of
a. electrons and protons
c. neutrons only
b. neutrons and protons
d.. electrons only
Atomic number indicates
a. #p` - #n°,
c. the mass number
b. the number of protons an atom has
d. none of these
3. The mass number indicates the
a. average mass of all known isotopes of an element
b. number of electrons only
c. number of electrons only d,
none of these
5l. Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons are
called a. compounds
b. isotopes
c. molecules d.
isomers
5. For the Symbol 'ZC, the number on top indicates
a. the atomic number
c. the mass number
b. the isotope number
d. none of these
4. The spin quantum number has the possible values
a. -1, 0, or 1
b.
+ a or - z
c.
1 or -1
d. 0 or 1
?.The Aufbau principle states that an electron
a. can have only one spin number
b. occupies the lowest energy level that can receive it
c. must be prepaired with another electron
d. must enter an s orbital
~'. How many protons, electrons, and neutrons are present in an a 49p`, 46e'. 3n°
c 24p`, 21e -, 28n° b.
25p*, 21 e -, 28n°
d.
21 p', 24e , 31 n°
ion of chromium,
24 Cr3
9. Negatively charged subatomic particles are called
a. protons
b. neutrons -
c. electrons
d. none of these
10. An atom with the electron configuration 1 s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s23d'°4p5 should show
2
2
6
2
5
chemical behavior similar to that of an atom with the electron
configuration of
a 1 s22s22p5
c 1 s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p4
b 1 s`2s22p63s23p64s23d'°4p6
d. 1S2 2s22p63s23p64s23d'°4p55s2
~~. The number of orbitals in the second energy level is
a. 1
b. 2
c. 4
d. 8
/A. What are basic parts of an atom?
/3
a. chemicals, compounds, and protons b.
elements, molecules, and compounds c.
molecules, nuclei, and electrons d
electrons, protons, and neutrons
.The atomic number of an atom is Z and the atomic mass is A. How many neutrons
are in each atom?
a. A-Z
b. Z+A
c. Z-A
d. Z
114.
An ion has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons. What is its
mass? a. 11u b.
12u c.
21 u d.
23u
/5. Atomic mass is measured in atomic mass units(u) that are based on an
atom of a. ' 6 0 equal to 16,000u
c. 'ZC equal to 12,000u
b. 1 2 S equal to 32,000u
d. "N equal to 14,000u
/(*.Which atom has an equal number of protons and neutrons?
a. 1 H
b. 62 C
c. 99 F
d. j9 K
/9. Which set of particles is arranged in order of increasing mass?
a. H1. H H'
b. H`, H, H Z
19. Neutral atoms of "Na and
14
c. HZ, H', H
d. H, H', H Z
Na differ with respect to
a. atomic volume
c. number of neutrons
b. number of electrons
d. number of protons
19. isotopes of the same element must have the same
a
atomic number
c. number of nucleons
b. mass number
d. number of neutrons
Qc. Isotopes of the same element have a different
a
number of electrons
c. atomic number
b
number of protons
d. mass number
021.
Which pair of atoms are isotopes? a 66
C and 74 "J b. 4 9 K and 18 A r
c. 8 8 2Ra and eo'Ra d.
4 9 K and 4 9
14
K
Uranium-235 and Uranium-238 are dissimlar
because a they have different chemical behaviors
r Uranium-238 is radioactive
c. Uranium-235 is a radioisotope
d they have different numbers of neutrons
3. Which one of the following is a likely atomic number for an element with mass of
30? a. 5
b. 15
c. 25
d. 35
,,24., How many electrons does an atom with an atomic number of 12 have?
a. 6
b. 10
c. 12
d. 24
a5. How does a 1 s orbital differ from a 2s orbital in the same atom? a. The 2s has a
smaller diameter.
b. The 2s has a larger diameter.
c. The 1 s and 2s orbitals are identical.
d. The 1 s orbital is spherical and 2s orbital is dumbell shaped.
(0, What is the maximum number of electrons in the first energy
level? a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 8
a7. According to current scientific knowledge, what is the simplest atom
known? a. oxygen b. helium
c. carbon
d. hydrogen
-2E. What is the electron configuration for
3
9K?
a
1s 12 s 22p 63s 23p 63d'
c.
1 s22s'p 63p64s24p'
b
1 s 22s 22p 63s 23p 64s'
d. 1 s22s 2p63s'p 64s 23d'°4p65s 24d'
Which of the following is not a subatomic particle?
a. neutron
b. proton
c. electron
d. nucleus
38. An isotope of lithium that contains 3 protons. 4 neutrons and 3 electrons has
what atomic number?
a. 3
b. 4
c. 6
d. 7
ai. What is the electron configuration of carbon in its ground state? (Atomic number =
6) a.
1 s22s 22p 2
b. 1 s`2 s"
c. 1 s22s'2p' d.
1 s'2
p4
32. What is the electron configuration of the chlorine atom?
a. 1 s22s22p63s23ps
c. 1 s22s22p $3s 23p`
b
d. 1 s22s22p 64s23p'
1 s22s22p63s23p°
33
One atomic mass unit is equal to a
of a carbon-12 atom
the mass of one electron b.
1/12th the mass
C
the mass of the carbon-12 atom
d
the combined masses of one proton, one electron, and one neutron.
1.03 The Language and Symbols of Chemistry
1. A cation is
a. a positively charged ion
c. a negatively charged ion
b a proton
d. an electron
a. When a metal reacts with a nonmetal the resulting combination is called a
a. molecule
b. compound
c. isotope
d. none of these
3. Chlorate, ammonium, and sulfate are examples of
4.
a polyatomic ions
c. cations
b. anions
d. monatomic ions
The oxidation number on S is most likely
a. +6
b. -2
c. -3
d. +8
5, The roman numeral in the name lead(IV) chromate indicates the oxidation number of
the a
lead ion
b. chromate ion
c. both ions d. neither
ion
G, Sulfurous acid has which of the following chemical formulas?
b. H ZSO S (aq)
a. H 2SO,(aq)
c. H Z S0 3(aq)
d. H Z S(aq)
?. Which law is supported by the fact that water is constantly found to be 11 % hydrogen
and 89% oxygen?
a conservation of mass
c. definite composition
b. univeral gravitiation
c. NH,
9.
d. multiple proportions
8'. What is the fomula for ammonia? a. NH,0H b.
d. NH,
N2 H z
What is the chemical name for Ca(OH) z ?
a. calcium hydroxide
b. calcium oxygen hydride
b. calcium oxide
d. calcium hydrate
/o• What is the correct formula for calcium hydroxide?
a CaOH
It,
b. Ca(OH) z
c. CaOH Z
d. Ca(OH)
What is the formula for the compound formed from calcium and oxygen? a.
b.
Ca 2 0 '
c. CaO
d. CaO i .
CIO
107•
The correct electron dot formula for a molecule of chlorine is represented by which of
th 3 following?
C1 .C1
b.
CI•.C1
c.•C1.CI•
d.
CI
43• A symbol or a formula written above the arrow in a chemical equation indicates that
a. a catalyst is used
c. a precipitate forms
b. an extra reactant is needed
d. only one product forms
14. The correct name for the compound H9 2 (N0 3) 2 is
a
mercury (II) or mercuric nitrate
o.
dimercury(I) or mercuric nitrate
c. dimercury (I) or mercurous nitrate
d. mercury(II) or mercurous nitrate
/5-The common name for H 20 2 is hydrogen peroxide. Using the stock system of gr
ek roman numerical prefixes, H202 would be called
a dihydrogen oxide
c. hydrogen dioxide
b. hydrogen tetroxide
d. dihydrogen dioxide
14. A compound produced from the reaction of calcium with chlorine is represented by
which fcrmula below?
a. CaCl
b. CaC1 2
c. CaCl 3
d. Ca 4CI
f7.
The symbol of a triangle over a yields sign in a chemical reaction indicates
that a. heat is applied ;o the chemical reaction
b. a catalyst has been added
c. the reaction is reversible
d. the reaction is at equilibrium
/8'.
A reasonable formula for selenium fluoride is
a SeF
b. SeF 2
c. SeF,
d SeF,
9. If the empirical formula of a compound is CH, then the molecular formula of
this compound could be
a CH,
b. CH 2
c. C2 H4
d. C2 H 2
46. The name of the compound in which phosphorous with a charge of +5 is combined
with nitrogen with a charge of -3 is
a. pentanitrogen triphosphide
c. triphosphorous pentanitride
b. triphosphorous pentanitride
d. phosphorous nitride
~~. The formula for a compound of potassium and nitrogen is
a
aa.
P.Ni
b. P3 N
c. K3 N
d. KN 3
The narne of the compound that has the formula NH,CIO, is
a ammonium chlorate
c ammonia chlorite
b ammonium hypochlorite
d. tetraammonium trichlorate
43. !^, 1h!ch of the following is not a possible compound of
copper? a
CuO c copper (II)
oxide b.
copper(I) chloride d
Cu, F
1.04 Identify and Glasslty SudsTances
l. A mixture whose components are obviously separate is called a a.
homogeneous mixture
c. solvent
b. heterogeneous mixture
d. solution
o?. Mass divided by volume is called
a. density
b. mass intensity
c_ relative volume d. specific gravity
3. Which of the following pairs forms a homogeneous
mixture? a. sand and water
c. oil and water
b. sugar and water
d. oil and vinegar
~. Which of the following is NOT a physical property?
a. the boiling point of H2O is 100°C at 1 atm pressure
b. Na is highly reactive in H2O
c. one allotrope of sulfur is yellow
d. silver is a solid at room temperature
as
5, Pure gold and distilled water can each be classified
which of the following? a.
heterogenous substances
c. heterogenous solutions
b. homogenous substances
d. homogenous solutions
~. How is a solution similar to a pure substance? a.
elements only.
b. It is composed of compounds only.
It is composed of
c. It is composed of heterogenously distributed materials.
d. It is composed of homogenously distributed materials.
. Why are evaporation and condensation physical changes?
a. The process of evaporation and condensation are reverse processes.
b. The chemical properties of the substance change
c. The composition of the substance changes
d. The composition and chemical properties of a substance remain the same.
Which of the following is NOT a physical change?
a. condensation b. conductivity
9.
c. sublimation
d. burning
What is a heterogenous substance?
a. water
b. iron
c. wood
d. sugar
/0. The substance that is dissolved in a homogenous mixture is called the a solvent
b. solution
c. solute
d. colloid
VVhich one of the following is a mixture?
a Na(s)
b. Br2(1)
c. NaBr(aq)
d. HBr(g)
1.2. The space matter occupies is termed
a density
b. length
c. mass
d. volume
13. Which classification of matter cannot be broken down into simpler substances by
ordinary chemical changes?
a compound
b. element
c. solution
d. mixture
14. What physical state is characterized by the random motion of atoms, molecules, or
ions that are generally far apart when compared to their sizes?
a. gas
b. liquid
c. solid
d. plasma
/S,The amount of substance that dissolves in a given amount of solvent in a specified
time period is called
a unsaturated
b_ solubility
c. supersaturated d. immiscible
~` . A solution which contains more solute than it can theoretically hold at a
given temperature is said to be
a. saturated
, b. unsaturated
c. supersaturated d. immiscible
17. The concentration of a solution is typically calculated by its
a. molarity
b. heat capacity
c. chromatography d. mole fraction
18. Calculate the molarity of a solution if you have 10g of a soluteand 4 L of solution.
The
molecular weight of the solute is 5 g/mol.
a. 25M
b. .5M
c. .75M
d. 1 M
19. All of the following are coiligative properties except
a. boiling point elevation
c. molality
b freezing point depression
d. vapor pressure
20. Compounds that conduct a current in aqueous solution are
called a. nonelectrolytes
c. molecules
b. electrolytes
d. halides
2 1.
Two !iquids that readily dissolve in each other are said to be
a miscible
b. soluble
c. saturated
d immiscible
o les o ` so lute
40 . The unit m Litres o r solvent describes the
concentration unit.
a molality
b. molarity
c. density
• Solutions that will not dissolve additional solute are said to be
a. saturated
b. unsaturated
c. supersaturated
e. normality
d. soluble
a4, In a solution at equilibrium, the rate of dissolving...
a. equals zero
c. is less than the rate of crystallization
b. equals the rate of crystallization
d. is greater than the rate of crystallization
4 S. Why must sulfuric acid, table salt, or any ioic compound be added to water in order
for an electric current to be conducted through the water?
a. to clean the anode and cathode in the electrolysis
apparatus b. to provide a conducting solution, since the
wtar is covalent
c. to produce the electricity necessary to separate the hydrogen and
oxygen d. to separate the hydrogen fro the oxygen before the current is
added
44. Pure water reveals itself to be a conductor
a. only when very sensitive conductivity tests are
carried out b. when tested with a light bulb type
conductivity apparatus c under almost all
circumstances
d. under no circumstances
dQA solution in which the undissolved solute is in equilibrium with the dissolved solute is
described by which of the following terms?
a. a polyunsaturated solution
c. a saturated solution
b an unsaturated solution
d a supersaturated solution
AS. To dissolve a solute in a solvent in known as
a dissolvation
b. sublimation
c. solvation
d. utrofication
a.5. Solid product that separates from a solution is known as a
a. soluble solid
c chemical substan^.e
b. precipitate
d. none of these
3° - A solvent is
a
the dissolving medium of a solution
b. the dissolved part of a solution
c. always water
d. the total solution plus the solute
1.05 Behavior of the Atomic Nucleus
/.
A beta particle has
a. no mass at all
c. a large mass
c
a negative charge d. two protons and two neutrons
1.06 Kinetic-Molecular Theory and the Gas Laws
/. V'Jhich gas law states that the volume of a gas is direcity proportional to its Kelvin
temperature. if the pressure is held constant
Boyle's law
b. Charles Law
c. Dalton's law
d. Le Catelier's law
a.
According to the kinetic molecular theory,
a. molecules of a gas adhere to each other following collision.
b. as temperature decreases, molecules of a gas acquire higher velocities.
c. forces of attraction exist between molecules of a gas.
d. great distances exist between molecules of a gas.
3. Which conditions of pressure and temperature are defined as STP?
a. 1 atm and 0 K
c. 1 atm and 0°C
b. 273 atm and 273K
d. 273 atm and 0°C
`4•
When a sample of a liquid at the normal boiling point is converted to the gas
phase. the energy added is used to
a. increase molecular velocity
b. overcome forces of attraction between
molecules c decrease vapor pressure
d. increase average kinetic energy
S . The phenomenon of sublimation is most closely
a density
b molecular velocity
c
distances between molecules
d. strength of forces of attraction between molecules
G.
As temperature increases, molecules tend to
a
move more rapidly
b. move less rapidly
7.
c. be more strongly attracted to each other
d. move closer together
Liquids boil when
a. the temperature equals 100°C
b. the rates of evaporation and condensation are
equal c. the atmospheric pressure falls below 1 atm.
d. the vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure
8 While a liquid boils, its
9.
a. temperature rises
c temperature remains constant
b temperature falls
d temperature cannot be measured
For a given amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of the gas is a.
inversely proportional to its pressure
b. directly proportional to its pressure
c. proportional to the square of its pressure
d. equal to the atmospheric pressure minus water vapor pressure
io.The average kinetic energies of different samples of gases can best be compared by
measuring their
a. molar masses
c. volumes
b. pressures
d. temperatures
1/. A state of matter that does not have a fixed volume is the
a. solid state
b. liquid state
c. gas state
d. none of the above
1 . 2 . When heat is added to a substance but does not change the temperature
of the substance, the heat energy is stored as what form of
energy?
a. kinetic energy
b. free energy
c. mechanical energy
d. potential energy
13. Which Celsius temperature is equivalent to 323K?
a. 500C
b. 212°C
c. 2730C
d. 5960C
14. Which of the following is NOT a measure of standard atmospheric
pressure? a
760 torr
b. 1 atm
c. 101.3 kPa d.
700 mmHg
1 6 . The physical change of a substance from a liquid to a vapor is known as
a. sublimation
b. condensation
c. solvation
d. vaporization
• Vaporization describes which of the following physical
changes? a, solid to liquid
c. gas to solid
b. liquid togas
d. solid to qas
14
0. A sample of gas at a constant volume has a pressure of 8 atm at 70°C. What will
the pressure be at 20°C?
a. 0.126 atm
b. 6.8 atm
c. 9.4 atm
d. 58 atm
c. Pn = RTV
d. PR = nVT
19. The ideal gas equation is
a. PT = nRV
b. PV = nRT
/9. The ideal gas law is equivalent to Charles' Law when
a. the number of moles and the pressure are constant
b. the number of moles and the temperature are
constant c. the volume equals 22.4 L
d. R equals 0
4o. Which of the following is not a property of a liquid?
a. surface tension
c. definite shape
b. ability to diffuse
d. relatively high density
If the equilibrium vapor pressure is falling
41.
a. the rate of evaporation is
increasing b. the liquid has begun to
boil
c. no further condensation can take place
d. The temperature of the liquid is decreasing
aQ. During the process of freezing, a liquid
a. loses kinetic energy
c. gains potential energy
b. loses potential energy
d. gains kinetic energy
A3. As the temperature of a substance in the gas phase decreases, what change results
in the average knetic energy of the substance?
a. remains the same
c. decreases
b increases
d. shows no correlation
~. How mane degrees Celsius are equal to 300K?
a. 27
b. 32
c. 200
d. 573
.25. The process of sublimation corresponds to which change o f state?
a from a liquid directly to a solid
a4..
c. from a solid directly to a gas
b from a gas directly to liquid
How can a gas be liquified?
d. from a liquid directly to a gas
a
Decrease the pressure on the gas.
b
Increase the temperature of the gas.
c. Increase the'pressure on the gas and decrease the temperature of the gas.
d
Increase the pressure on the gas and increase the temperature of the gas.
s7. How would the volume of a gas be affected if the pressure on that gas is
doubled and the absolute temperature doubled?
a. It would be halved.
c. It would quadruple
b. It would double.
Q16.
d. It would remain the same
The average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance is proportional to which
of the following?
a. the temperature of the substance
b. the atmospheric pressure on the
substance c. the density of the substance
d the gram-atomic weight of the substance
aA. How are ice, water and steam different?
a. Ice is a mixture, water is a compound, and steam is a
solution. , b. They contain different amounts of hydrogen and
oxygen.
c. They are formed from different elements.
30.
d. They are different states of the same compound.
STP can be indicated by which combination of the following
values? a. 0°C and 1 atm
c. 25°C and 0 atm
b OT and 0 atm
d. 25°C and I atm
31. The volume any gas will occupy at STP is
a. 25 L
b. 6.02 x 10 Z' L
c. 22.4 L
d. none of these
32, The photochemical smog produced by atmospheric nitrogen oxidizes irritating
chemicals such as
a. 0,
HZ S0 4
c_ N Z
d. Ar
33. According to the kinetic theory, gases condense into liquids
because of a. gravity
c. atmospheric pressure
b. forces between the molecules
d. elastic colissions
3 14. To observe the effects of changing pressure on a gas's volume, factors that
must be kept constant are the gas's temperature and
a. density
b. quantity
c. elasticity
d. all of the above
3 5 . V v ' - - en an automobile is driven for several hours on hot pavement, what happens to
the air in its tires?
a Tne pressure increases, the volume stays about the same,
b The pressure and volume both decrease.
c The pressure increases; the volume decreases
d The pressure decreases. the volume stays about the same
1.07 Bonding
I , Which element has the greatest tendency to form covalent bonds?
a. carbon
b. helium
c. lithium
d. sodium
How are negative ions formed?
a. Electrons are removed from an atom, resulting in more protons than
electrons. b. Electrons are added to an atom, resulting in more electrons
than protons.
c. Electrons are added to an atom, resulting in an equal number of protons
and neutrons
d. Electrons are removed from an atom, resulting in an equal number of electrons
and protons
3. All chemical bonds are the result of the
a. elevation of electrons to higher energy
levels b. transfer of electrons from on atom to
another c. attraction of electrons to each
other
d. simultaneous attraction of electrons to two nuclei
Which of the following elements will lose an electron most readily?
a. potassium
b. silicon
c. rubidium
d. strontium
S. Among the following, the compound that has the highest degree of ionic
bonding is a
CCI,
b. MgCI2
c. Hz0 d.
CO z
A compound that has polar molecules is
a CCI,
b. MgClz
c. H20
d. CO
7. What is the most electronegative element in the water molecule.
a. hydrogen
b. oxygen
c. both are equal d. neither one
St!, CCI, has what type of VSEPR geometry?
a. tetrahedral
c. trigonal planar
c. trigonal pyramidal
d linear
9. Hz0 is a bent molecule. What is the H-0 bond angle?
a. 109.50
b. 1200
z
c 180°
io. What VSEPR geometry is an exception to the octet rule?
a. tetrahedral
c. trigonal planar
c trigonal pyramidal
d. linear
d. 102.70
A molecule with a slightly positive end and a slightly negative end is said
to be a. polar
b. nonpolar
c. Ionic
d. covalent
i2. What type of chemical bonding does a solution of H z0 have? a covalent
hydrogen b
ionic d
c.
both a and c
~3. When compared to hydrogen chloride (HCI), hydrogen fluoride (HF) has an
unusually high boiling point. This is due to the magnitude of the
a hydrogen bonds
b. coordinate covalent bonds
c van der Waals (London Dispersion) forces
d nonpolar covalent bonds
~1~hat is the main reason alloys are used so often instead of pure
metals? a To conserve the rare metals
b To reduce the cost of the metal objects for which they are used.
c To obtain added strength, hardness, or other such property.
15
d To obtain shinier and more colorful objects
The type of chemical bond that results when oppositely charged ions attract and bind
together is called a _ _
a covalent
b. ionic
bond.
c. metallic
d. hydrogen
16 A covalent bond in which 3 pair of electrons are shared is called a
covalent bond.
a single
b. double
c, triple
d. coordinate
17 Nonbonding pairs of electrons in a molecule are also called
a
unshared pairs
c. apart pairs
b lone pairs
d. both a and b
18. Electrons in the highest occupied energy level are called
a. relaxed e-
b. valence e-
c. transition e-
d. ionic e
7. When atoms react by changing their number of electrons in order to have an
electron structure of a noble gas, they are satisfying what rule?
a. Hunds rule
b. octet rule
c. Murphy's rule
d. tardy rule
Za. For a stable noble gas electron struture, what number of electrons do all elements
want to have?
1
b. 4
c. 6
d. B
Polar bonds evolve because of a(n)
a. equal sharing of electrons
c. unequal sharing of electrons
b. covalent bond
d. coordinate covalent bond
Zz. Bond dissociation energy is best decribed as the energy a. needed to make
new bonds
b. needed to break a single bond
c. needed to cause a polar bond to change to a nonpolar bond
d. needed to convert a single bond to a triple bond
JJ•Van der Waals (London Dispersion) forces are a. the weakest attraction between
molecules b the strongest attraction between molecules c
the only attraction
between molecules
d
formed beteen the hydrogen of one molecule and the oxygen, nitrogen or
fluorine of another molecule
,24, Fluorim~ is a halogen with the electron configuration 1 s = 2s 22p' What is the
electron configuration of the fluoride ion with a charge of - 1?
2
a. 1 s 2s 2 2p'
i;. 1 S 2 2s'2p'3s' c. 1 s 22s'2p'
d. 1 s'2 s 2
AS. The units that are joined in a covalent bond are
a. atoms
b. ions
c. London forces
d. Lewis structure
.¢G. Bond energy is the energy that is
a. required to break a chemical bond
b. released when a chemical bond
breaks c. required to form a chemical
bond d
absorbed when a chemical
bond forms
d7. The mobile electrons surrounding the positive ions in a metallic bond are referred to
as forming a(n)
a Lewis structure
c. electron cloud
b. electron sea
d. dipole
What is the correct formula and charge for the silver ion?
a ' Si'
2=9.
b. Ag'
c. Ag -
d. Ag' 2
An element with an electron configuration of 1 s =2s22p 63s= would most likely react
to form a compound with an element that has an element configuration
of
a. 1 s'2s 22p 6 3s'3p'
c. 1 s 22s 2 2p 63s 23p 6
b. 1 S 2 2s 22p 6 3s 2
d. 1 S 2
38, Valence electrons are
a electrons found in the d sublevel
c. found in the nucleus
b outer shell electrons
d. inner shell electrons
3 l, which of the following electron dot structures is correct for nitrogen?
:
c:
32.
N:
b.
:N
N.
To form the sodium ion, Na+, the sodium atom has to lose
a0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
electrons,
Which of the following compounds has an ionic bond?
a RbF
3¢.
b. CCI 4
c S0 2
A single covalent bond involves the sharing of
a I-
b. 3
d. CO 2
electrons.
c. 4
d. 6
35. In which of the following are electrons shared unequally
3
a
a. H 2
b. S e
c. HCI
d. C1 2
` . The electron dot formula for an atom X which has the electron configuration 1 s'2s 22p'
is
X. b.*X•- c~X- d X•'37 An unlikely chemical combination is
a. NaK
b. NaCl
c MgH 2
d. ScF 3
2.01Periodic Properties
In the periodic table, the transition elements occupy Groups
a 1 to 8
b. 3 to 10
c. 13 to 15
d. 16 to 18
~. In bonding, transition elements can make use of electrons in which sublevels? a. s
only
b. p only
c. d only
d. sand d
3 . The metalloid that has an oxidation state of +4 or -4 and that forms mineral
compounds similar to organic compounds is
a. arsenic
b lead
c. silicon
d. boron
-4. The metalloid that is found in andetite and orpiment ores, that occurs in yellow and m
atallic forms, and whose compounds are used in insecticides is
a arsenic
b. lead
c. silicon
d. boron
S. Why is cesium theoretically more chemically reactive than iithium? (Atomic numbers:
Cs = 55; Li = 3)
a. because cesium has a lower melting point than lithium
b. because cesium is denser than lithium
c. because cesium has a lower boiling point than lithium
d because a cesium atom is larger than a lithium atom
(o. The least metallic elements in the periodic table are located toward the
a. upper right
b. lower left
c. upper left
d. lower right
7
What contributes to the property of graphite which allows it to be used as a lubricant?
a. its low density
c. its hexagonal layered structure
b its color and electrical conductivity d. its chemical inertness
What are elements that fall into the same verti4 column of the periodic table with
similar properties called?
a octave
b. period
c. family
d. category
9 , Horizontal rows on the periodic table are called periods. The vertical columns are
referred to by which of the following terms?
a. shells
b. subshells
c. orbitals
d. groups
The periodic law states that the properties of elements are periodic functions of their
atomic numbers. This means that the identifying characteristic for an element's
position in the periodic table is the
a. mass number
c. number of protons
b. number of neutrons
d. number of nucleons
The tendency for an atom to attract electrons to itself when it is chemically combined
with another element is called a electronegativity
c. atomic size
b. electron affinity
d. ionization energy
/12,
Which element is most electronegative?
a. Br
b. C
c. F
d. 0
/3. What chemical element is found in greatest quantity in common fuels?
a Ca
b. S
c. C
14. On the modern periodic table, horizontal rows are called
d. Pb
a. periods
b. trends
c. groups
d. columns
IS , On the modern periodic chart, the verticakcolumns are called
a. periods
14 .
b. trends
c. groups
d. sublevels
What type of atomic orbitals do the transition metals have in their valence
shell? a. s
b. p
c. d
d. f
As you move from left to right across a period of elements on the periodic
chart atomic size generally
a. decreases
b. increases
c. stays the same
d. does not
change
or. As
you move down a group of elements on the periodic table, atomic size generally
a. decreases
b. increases
c. stays the same
d. does not change
The energy to remove an electron from a gaseous atom is
called a
electron affinity c.
electronegativity
b. ionization energy
d. atomic size
o2a, As you move down a group of elements on the periodic chart, ionization
energy generally
a
increases
b. decreases
c. stays the same
d. does not
change
*21. As you move left to right across a period of elements, ionization energy
generally
a
increases
b. decreases
Covalent atomic radius size tends to
the periodic chart.
a.
increase
b. decrease
c. stays the same
as you go left to right across
2-2 .
-23 .
d. does not
change
c. stay the same
d. none of these
Ionization energy is defined as
a. the energy needed to remove the outermost e - of an atom
b. the energy needed to remove all of the valence electrons of an
atom c. energy to cause a phase change
d. none of the above
a4• Which one of the following elements is NOT a halogen?
a. Br
b. C
c Cl
d. F
*25- The organization of the elements today is based upon the law that the properties
of the elements occur periodically then the elements are arranged in increasing order
by their
a. molar masses
c. mass numbers
b. reactivity with oxygen
d. atomic numbers
A transition element with seven 3d electrons is
.
a. cobalt
b. chlorine
c. bromine
d. manganese
• Which of the following is a nonmetallic group of elements?
a. L1, Na, K, Rb
c. F, CI, Br, I
b. H, He, L1, Be
AV. The noble gases are also known as the
a. alkali metals
b. inert gases
d. B, AI, Sc, Y
c. dry gases
d. periodic gases
2.02 The Mole
I . What is the mass of one mole of water molecules? (Atomic Masses: H = 1; O =
16) a. 18g
b. 32g
c. 34g
d. 48g
.2. HoNA, many moles of sodium hydroxide are contained in 4.Og of
NaOH? (Atomic masses Na = 23, 0 = 16; H = 1.0)
a 1. 0
b. 0.50
c. 0.10
d. 0.010
3,
Two moles of sulfur would contain how many grams? (Atomic Mass =
32) a 64g b. 32g c. 16g d. 12g
`~- What tarrn is used to represent Avogadro's number of objects (6.02 x
1023)? a. actinide
b. chalcogen
c. oxidation number
d. mole
5. How could the number of moles i n a 250g sample of CaC0 3 be determined?
a. multiply 250g by the mass of one mole of CaCO3
b divide 2508 by the mass of one mole of CaC0 3 c.
multiply 250g by Avogadro's number
d. divide 2508 by Avogadro's number
G.
The molar mass of CaC0 3 is
a 100 g
b. 68 g
c. 82 g
d. none of these
7. 18 grams is the molar mass of
a 03
b. C02
c. He
d. H2O
g, The mass of two moles of nitrogen gas is
a. 56g
b. 2g
c. 17g
d 14g
9. What is the mass of one mole of 0 2 molecules?
a. 32g
b. 16g
c. 8g
d. 4g
io. Adding the atomic masses of all elements in a molecule provides the
a. formula unit
b. formula mass
c. molar mass
d. mass of the molecule
i~. There are 6.02 x 1023
a
particles in one mole
c atoms in 1112 gram of carbon
b
moles in an atom
d grams in one mole
/Z, 6 02 x
are contained in what mass of diatomic hydrogen Sac?
a. 6.02 grams
c 602 x 1023 grams
b. 23 grams
d 2 grams
3. Which sample contains the same number of atoms as 40 grams of neon?
b. 24g Mg
c. 40g C
N, What is the number of molecules in one mole of NH 3?
a 6 023 x 1023
c. 10 x 6.023 x 10 23
b 2x6023x10"
d
17 x6023 x1013
d. 80g Ar
a. 4 Og He
2.03 Chemical Equations
The product formed by a synthesis reaction between zinc and oxygen is given by
which formula below?
a Zn(OH)2
b. ZnO2
c. Zn20
d. ZnO
a.
Which of the following equations is correctly balanced?
a. Zn + Cl
2
-+ ZnCl2
c. NaHCO, -), Na2C0, + H2O + CO2
b. NH, + H2S --* (NH,) 2S
d. H2S + PbC12 -)~ HCI + PbS
3. According to the law of conservation of matter and energy what occurs when
energy changes from one form to another?
a. The amount of energy remains the same
b. Some eneyy is lost during the change
c. The amount of energy increases after the change
d The energy is completely used during the
change.
4. The ions S0,*2 (aq) and NH 4'(aq) are produced by the dissociation of the compound
a. NH,SO,(s)
b. (NH,)2S0,(s)
c. NH,(SO,)2(s)
d. (NH,),(S0,)2 (s)
S, Which ion is the spectator ion in the equation
Na'(aq) + Zn` 2(aq) + C0,'2(aq) --* Na'(aq) + ZnCO,(s)
a Zn'2(aq)
b. C0, -2(aq)
c. Na'(aq)
d. none of the above
~. The coefficients in a chemical reaction represent the
a. masses, in grams, of all reactants and products b.
relative numbers of moles of reactants and products
c number of atoms in each compound in a reaction
d. number of valence electrons involved in the reaction
~The equation 2KC10,(s) -4 2KC1(s) + 30 2(g) is a(n)
a. synthesis reaction
c. combustion reaction
b. decomposition reaction
d. ionic reaction
~. The activity series of metals was determined by
a. inspecting equations of single replacement reactions
b. laboratory experiments
c. studying electron configuration
d. comparisons of atomic masses
9. What is the most unhealthy product of incomplete
combustion? a. soot
c. ashes
b. water vapor
d. carbon .monoxide
to, The chemical change that occurs when electrons are transferred between reactants
are known as
a neuralization reaction
c. combination reaction
b redox reactions
d decomposition reactions
/. When CaCl2 is dissolved in H,O, -,vhat positive ion is released?
a Ca'
b CI`2
c H'
d. OH'
/,2. The simultaneous conversions of reactants into products and of products into
reactants, is known as
a. conversion reactions
c. simultaneous reactions
b. reversible reactions
d. isobaric reactions
13. A combustion reaction must include which of the following as a reactant?
a. H2O
1
b. C02
c. 02
d. none of these
4. Chemical substances written to the left of the arrow in an equation are
called a
coeffi~ Tents
b. subscripts
c.
products
d. reactants
/5. Numbers placed in front of formulas in an equation are called
a. coefficients .
b. subscripts
c. products
d. reactants
/(-.The symbol that indicates that a substance is dissolved in water
is - a. (I)
b. (aq)
c. (H20)
d. (w)
/7 A reaction in which simpler substances combine to form a more complicated
substance is called a
a. decomposition
c. synthesis
b. single replacement
d double replacement
/S. A reaction in which one element takes the place of another in a compound is
called a a. decomposition
c. synthesis
b. single replacement
d. double replacement
11, A reaction in which a substance breaks down to form simpler substances is called a
a. decomposition
c. synthesis
b. single replacement
d double replacement
20. Any reaction that releases energy is called a(n)
a exothermic
b. combustion
reaction
c. endothermic
d. hydrolytic
21. Which of the following is a double replacement reaction?
a. 3K +FeCl, -* 3KC1 + Fe
b
2KBr -* 2K + Br2
c 3H2 +N2 -> 2NH3
d. NaCI(aq) + AgN0 3(aq) -> AgCl(s)
+NaNO,(aq)
2.2
Which of the following is a single replacement reaction?
a 3K +FeCl3 --* 3KC1 + Fe
b
,7
2KBr -+ 2K + Br
c 3H2 +N2 -+ 2NH,
d NaCI(aq) + AgNO,(agi -~ AgCl,s)
+NaN03(aq)
2
3• Which of the following is a synthesis reaction?
a. 3K +FeCl3 -4 3KC1 + Fe
b
c 3H, +N2 --> 2NH,
2KBr -+ 2K + Br2
d NaCl(aq) + AgN0 3(aq) --+ AgCl(s)
+NaNO3(aq)
j2y. UV,,I a, ;s the missing coefficient in the equation NO + 02 -* 2N02
a1
b2
c3
-2S What is the missing coefficient in the equation C,H, +
a2
b3
c4
d. 4
02 -4 3C02 + 4H,0
c l,
2.04 Stoichiometry
I . How
many grams of x are required to react with 16g of y if 144g of product xy
will be formed?
a. 128
b 160
c. 166
d. 168
Z. If 23g of sodium react with 35g of chlorine, how many grams of sodium chloride
are formed?
a. 23
b. 46
c. 58
d. 70
3• The mole to mole ratio of H 2O to 02 in the chemical reaction 2H 2(9) + 02(9) -+
2H20(i) is 2 mol H2O 1 mol H2O
1 mol H2O
b
c
a. 1 M O / 0 2
2 mol 0 2
1 mol 0 2
d. none of these
A limiting reactant is best described as
a. the reactant in the least amount when the chemical reaction
begins b. the reactant completely used up first in a chemical
reaction
c. the reactant not used at all in a chemical reaction
d. none of these
S. For the reaction 2Na(g) + Cl 2 ( g ) - 4 2NaCl(g) how many liters of chlorine will
combine with 46 grams of sodium at STP?
a. 22.41b. 11 2L
c. 44.8L
d. 1 L
4
• If we assume that air is 20% oxygen by volume, how much air is required in order
to have 22.4L of pure oxygen for a given reaction?
a. 4.48L
b. 44.8L
c. 112L
d. 224L
~• Knowing the number of moles of a reactant in a chemical reaction allows on e to
calculate the number of moles of any product. This is a(n)
a mole-mass problem
c. mass-mole problem
b mass-mass problem
d mole-mole problem
g• The number of moles of nitrogen that will react with four moles of oxygen in the
reaction N~ + 0= --4 N20, is
a1
b. 2
c4
d. 8
2.45 Indicators of Chemical Change
1. Which of the following is an incorrect statement about compounds?
a Molecular compounds conduct electricity.
b. Compounds I -ave a definite
composition. c. Compounds can be solids,
d. Compounds are composed of elements in definite proportions.
2. Which one of the following is an element?
a. carbon dioxide
b. water
c. oxygen
d
sodium chloride
3. Which of the following metals reacts rapidly in water
a. copper
b. zinc
Which of the following is a compound?
c. tin
d. sodium
a. nitrogen
5.
b. air
d. water
A chemical change directly involves
a. protons
gamma rays
d
c. oxygen
b. electrons
c. neutrons
• Which of the following does not involve a chemical change?
a
cube of sugar dissolving in hot coffee
c. tarnishing silverware
b
exploding dynamite
d. burning hydrogen gas
~• Which of the following is a chemical change
a. water boils
c. sugar dissolves in HZ O
b snowflakes melt
d.
a
nail rusts
What is the name given to substances which undergo a chemical change?
a. reactants
b. products
c. gases
d. precipitates
9
10
• Which change would be classified as chemical?
a. grinding of chalk
c. boiling of water
b. melting of glass
d. rusting of iron
- What process involves chemical change?
a evaporation
b sublimation
c. fusion
d. combustion
2.06 Oxidation-Reduction
1. Oxidation involves which of the following processes?
a. a loss of electrons
c. no change in electrons
b. again of electrons
d. a sharing of electrons
2. In the following equation, 2NF2 + 2AIC13 -)~ N2 + 302 + 2AIF3, nitrogen is reduced.
Which of the following correctly describes the change in nitrogen's
oxidation number in this reaction?
a. 0 to -3
b. +2 to 0
c. +3 to 0
d. +5 to +3
3. The process of separating the components of a compound by use of DC current is
described by which term below?
a. synthesis
b. catalysis
c. metastasis
d. electrolysis
4. Reduction involves which of the following processes?
a. a loss of electrons
c. no change in electrons
b. a gain of electrons
d. a sharing of electrons
5. what name is given to the flow of electrons through a conductor? a. electric current
c. resistance
b. voltage
d. potential difference
6 What is the process by which the passage of an electric current through a conducting
solution results in an oxidation-reduction reaction?
a hydrolysis
c glycolysis
b electrophoresis
d. electrolysis
When water is electrolyzed, oxygen gas is given up at
a
b
the anode only
c. the cathode only
the midpoint between anode and cathode
d. both the anode and
cathode
8 During redox reactions, oxidizing agents
a. attain a more positive oxidation state
o. keep the same oxidation state
b. attain a negative oxidation state
d. are not present
9. Which of the following is an oxidation-reduction reaction?
a
H, -~ 2H
c H2 + CI
b
20 --~ 02'2
d HCI + NaBr -a HBr + NaCl
2
-* 2HC1
10 Tc .%hich electrode are the potassium ions attracted during the electrolysis of
molten potassium bromide?
a the anode which has a positive charge b. the anode which has a
negative charge c. the cathode which has a positive charge d the cathode
which has a negative charge
11. The following data exists for the next question:
Cu' Z
+ 2e- -> Cu ; E° =
+0.34 volt Ni*' + 2e- --+ Ni;
E° = -0.25 volt
An electrochemical cell consisting of a copper-copper(II) nitrate solution
half-cell-and a nickel-nickel(II) nitrate solution half-cell, joined by a salt
bridge, has a cell potential of
a. +0.59 volt, with electron flow from Ni to Cu
b. +0.09 volt, with electron flow from Ni to Cu c. +.59 volt, with electron flow
from Cu to Ni d. -0.59 volt, with electron flow from Ni to Cu
12. In an electrolytic cell, the anode
a. can be either positively or negatively
charged b. is notcharged
c. is positively
charged d. is
negatively charged
13. The electrode at which reduction occurs is
a. always
I t -h e
anode
c. either the anode or cathode
b. always the cathode
d. between the cathode and the anode
14. A chemical cell differs from an electrolytic cell in that the chemical cell a
produces an electric current by means of a chemical reaction b produces a
chemical reaction by means of an electric current
15
c
has oxidation and reduction occuring at the electrodes
d
has ions migrating between the electrodes
In all oxidation-reduction reactions there is a conservation of
a
charge but not mass
c. neither mass nor charge
b. mass but not charge
d. both mass and charge
15. In the reaction Sn* 4 + H z(9) --+
a Sn'°
b H2
Sn`z + 2H', the reducing agent is
c. Sn"
d H'
17. In the electrolysis of molten CaCI Z, the particle reduced is
a
CI-
b. CIO
18 A possible product when Mn
02
c. C a°
is oxidized is
d Ca 'z
a. Mn
b. MnO
c.
Mn"
d. MnO
4' 2
19. In chemical reactions, metals generally
a
act as oxidizing agents
b. donate protons
c. share electrons
d. acquire positive oxidation numbers
20. Oxygen ar ,d copper are produced during electrolysis of a CuSO, solution. Which
reaction o:curs at the negative electrode?
a The copper atom is oxidized
c. The oxygen atom is oxidized
21.
b The copper ion is reduced
d The oxygen atom is reduced
In the reaction Cl 2 + Hz0 -* HCIO + HCI, chlorine is
and reduced
a. oxidized, only
c. both oxidized
b. reduced, only
d. neither oxidized or reduced
22. During the electrolysis of fused NaCl, the half reaction that occurs at the
negative electrode is
a. Na' + 1 e ,
-;
Na" c.
2C1- -4 CIZ° + 2e
b.
Na° --), Na' + 1 e*
d.
Cl
2°
+2e-
-+ 2C1
23. Lead is a product of the reaction between a solution of lead(II) nitrate and a. Fe
b. Cu
c. Hg
d. Au
24. Which metal will react with dilute hydrochloric acid to liberate hydrogen gas? a. Ag
b. Au
c. Cu
d. Mg
'15.. The reaction CI Z +2KBr -+ 2KC1 + Br 2 takes place because a. bromine is a stronger
oxidizing agent than chlorine
b. chlorine is a stronger oxidizing agent than bromine
c. KBr is less soluble than CI Z
d. a nonionic product is present
26
During the electrolysis of fused NaCl, which reaction occurs at the positive
a
Chloride ions are oxidized
c. Sodium ions are oxidized
b. Chloride ions are reduced
electrode?
d. Sodium ions are reduced
27 Which half-reaction represents reduction?
a. Cu° -+ Cu'2 + 2e'
c. Cr` + 3e' --> Cr'
b Zn° + 2e- -* Zn'2
c. 21
-~ I2° +
2e
28 Which of the halogen ions may be oxidizea oy CI Z?
a
Br, or;ly
b. I-, only
c. Br and I', only
29. Which halogen is the strongest oxidizing agent?
d. Br', I- and F
a I30
b. Br2
c. CIZ
d. FZ
Which alkali-earth metal is the stongest reducing agent?
a Mg
b. Sr
c Ca
d. Be
c Ba'2
d Mg'2
31. Which ion would be reduced by AI?
a. K"
32.
b. H'
Oxygen has an oxidation number of -1. in
a.
H,0`
b. OH-
c. H2O
d. H, OZ
33. If the reaction X° + Zn' 2 --~ X'2 +Zn° is spontaneous, then X° may be
a Mg
b. Pb
c Cu
d Sri
34. What is the change in the oxidation number of sulfur in this equation? 2H ZS +
a. -2 to +4
30, -> 2S0, + 2H20
d. +2 to +4
c. -2 to +6
d. +2 to +6
35. The function of the salt bridge is to provide a path for the flow of
a. ions
b. electrons
36. Which reaction occurs spontaneously?
a. Zn + Pb' Z ---, Zn+ 2 + Pb
c. protons
d. photons
c. Br 2 + 2CI' => C1 2 + 2Br'
b. 3Pb + 2Cr ' 3 => 3Pb' z + 2Cr
d. Au + 3Ag' =:> Au ' 3 + 3Ag
37. A chemical cell has a net reaction of Cu + 2Ag' -+ Cu` Z + 2Ag. At equilibrium. the cell
potential. in volts, is
a. -0.46
b. 0.00
c +0.46
d. +0 80
38. As an electrochemical cell operates, the spectator cations ire the salt bridge a.
become oxidized
c. move toward the anode b
become
reduced
d. move toward the cathod'o
For questions 39 - 41, use the following reaction. 2Cr(s) + 3Cu' z (aq) -+ 2Cr''(aq) + 3Cu(s)
39 The el tronic equation that represents the oxidation r ction that occurs is
a. 2Cr° --> 2Cr'' + 6e c. 2Cr'' -~ 2Cr° + 6e
b. 2Cr° + 6e - -4 2Cr''
d. 2Cr'' + 6e - -4 2Cr°
40 If 3 moles 4Cu react according to the equation above, the total number of moles of
electrons transferred will be
a1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 6
41 ; quantity of electric charge deposits 0.30 mole of Ag(s) from Ag'(aq). How many
moles of Fe(s) will be deposited from Fe *3(aq) by the same quantity of
electric charge?
a. 0 10
b. 0.90
c. 0.30
d. 0,60
42 What are the products of the electrolysis of one mole of water at STP?
a
11.2 liters of 0 2 and 22.4 liters of H,
b
22 4 liters of O Z and 22.4 liters of H z
c
16 grams of 0, and 8 grams of H Z
d 32 grams of O z and 2 grams of fi t
The charge on tin in Sn(SO,) z is a +2 b. -2
44. What is the charge on manganese in the compound MnCl,?
a. +5
b. +2
c. +7
45 . In a redox reaction, the substance that is oxidized
a. gains electrons
45
b serv"s as the oxidizing agent
When a si lbstance is reduced, it
d. +4
c serves as the reducing agent
d does none of the above
a gains a positive charge
c. becomes the reducing agent
b loser electrons
d gains a negative charge
3.01 Energy in the Hydrogen Atom
r~
The color of light that has waves of the lowest frequency is
a. yellow
b. red
c. blue
d. violet
E3ea ch-goers can be glad that the ozone layer helps protect them from
potential sunburns by absorbing
a. X-rays
b. UV-rays
c. Gamma rays
d. Visible rays
Packets of energy found in light are called
a. neutrons
b. neurons
c photons
d. none of these
Which of the following is true for atoms?
a. Light is released when electrons in atoms move from higher to lower energy
levels b. The bright line spectrum of a given atom is unique to that kind of atom
c. both a and b
d
neither a nor b
3.02 Conservation and i ransrtormarion or Crier-yy 3.03 Heat
and Temperature 3.04 Calorimetry 3.05 Entropy and Energy
Transfer
1.
a,
The measure of disorder of a system is called
a. entropy
b. enthalpy
c. free en~:-rgy
d temperature
The Chernobyl nuclear disaster has claimed the majority of its many victims because
of which of the following?
a.
the intense heat of the inital fire
b. the exposure to large doses of
radiation c. the inadequate medical care
avaiable d the lack of East-West
cooperation
3.
Thermodynamics is the study of
a. reaction rate
c. energy transformations
b. spectra
d. none of the above
A reaction that absorbs energy is said to be
a endothermic
b. exothermic
c spontaneous
d. nonspontaneous
S. A negative enthalpy change always indicates that a reaction is
a. spontaneous
b. exothermic
c. endothermic
d. impossible
(6. The randomness, or number of ways energy can be distr ibuted in a system is called
a enthalpy
c. temperature
c Gibbs Free Energy
d entropy
7.
_P"e minimum amount of energy needed to bring about a reaction is called a
entropy
c mechanism energy
b
activation energy
d none of these
~• An exothermic reaction is one that
a
produces heat
c involves oxygen
b
heat is absorbed
d none of these
Enthalpy is designated by which symbol?
a.
AH
b. AG
/a. Enthalpy is a measure of
c AS
d. none of these
a energy absorbed/released
b degree of order/chaos
b. heat content
d none of these
//, What quantity of ice at 0°C will be melted by 3.2 x 10' calories of heat? The Heat
of fusion for ice at 0°C is 80 calories per gram
a 0 0258
b. 25g
c 40.g
d 83g
/a,
Which of the terms oeiow refers to the neat contefR ui
a. exothermic
b. enthalpy
d auua~d~ It,C ,
c. entropy
d. endothermic
/3, What does the following equation indicate about the chemical reaction?
H, + Cl -> 2HC1 + energy
a It is exothermic
c. It is endothermic
b
ts~
It proceeds very slowly
d. It is an impossible reaction
What type of chemical change invo)uesthe release of heat energy?
a. exothermic reaction
c. equilibrium displacement
b endothermic reaction
d. condensation reaction
i5. When 2` grams of water is cc led from 20°C to 10°C, the number of calories of heat
energy released is
a. 10
b. 25
c. 200
d 250
1
4, Twenty calories of heat is added to 2 grams of water at a temperature of 10°C. The
resulting temperature of the water will be
a. 10'G
b. 20°C
c. 30°C
d 40°C
17. How does the greenhouse effect threaten the environment? a. The temperature of the
atmosphere is increased.
. b. The oxygen in the atmosphere is destroyed.
c. The phytoplankton in the ocean are killed. d.
The nutrients in the soil are depleted.
The energy required to change one unit of mass of a solid substance to a liquid at
constant temperature is called the heat of
a vaporization
b. fusion
c. condensation
d. sublimation
l9, Energy transferred from one body to another because of a temperature
difference is termed
a. enthalpy, AH
b. temperature. AT
c. entropy, AS
d. free energy, OG
%2o, Reactions that require energy to be added continuously are called what?
a. hyperthermic
b. exothermic
c. hypothermic
Where is chemiluminescence observed in nature?
a electrical eel
c. firefly b
polar bear
d. bats
d. endothermic
4.01 Dyncimics of Equilibrium
4.02 Le Chntelier's Principle
1.
How would dynamic equilibrium best be defined?
a. The number of molecules of reaciant and product are the same. b. The rates of
forward reaction and reverse reaction are the same. c The concentration of reactants
and products are the same.
d. The volumes of reactants and products are the same.
When does a reversible chemical reaction reach equilibrium? a. when the pressure is
increased
b. when the concentration of reactants is increased c:. when thc
concentration of the products is favored d. when the rates of opposing
reactions are equal
3 • A system is at equilibrium and is subjected to a stress. How would the equilibrium be
affected?
a. It would be displaced in the direction of the stress.
b. It would be displaced and immediately return to the starting point.
c. It would be displaced until the temperature is lowered_
d. It would be displaced so as to relieve the stress
What effect does increasing the temperature of a liquid have on the liquid -vapor
equilibrium system in a closed container?
a decrease the average knetic energy of the liquid molecules
b
decreases the rate of evaporation
c. decreases the concentration of vapor molecules above the liquid surface d.
reeestablishes equilibrium at a higher vapor pressure
S. In the reo ction N 2 0,(g) p 2NO 2 (g), what is the correct expression for the equilibrium
constant?
a K = [+ 4 0 2 1 2
_ (42041
f[42041
~.
b. K = [NO F ] 2 x [N 2 0,]
K --
d K-
1N0 -,12
I
N21
[42041
For the reaction NH 3(g) + H 2 0(i) :=> NH 4 *(aq) + OH- (aq), the equilibrium expression can be
expressed as
_ [NH41IOH-i
FNH4 I[OH-
kb
[NH31
I
a. k _
b
-- [NH31[H201
_ CNH4 ][0H- I b. k b -_ [ NH31 ~NH4 ]IOH- I
INH31
d. k b
~According to Le Chateliers Principle, increasing the concentration of the reactants of a n
equation will shift the equilibrium...
a toward the products
c. toward the reactants
c remaining at equilibrium
d
none of the above
g. The reverse of the reaction H,(g) + S(g) --)~ H,S(i) results in the formation
of a. 2HZS(i)
c. H,(g) + S(g)
b. HZS(r) + S (g)
d. none of the above
9.
For the equilibrium system CaCO,(s) --* CaO(s) + CO,(9), the K~ expression is K p =
ICaOlICO2I
b. (CaC0 J
c.
(Caol
d. (CO
(CaC:03)
3
(CaC031
a
~o. For any reversible reaction at equilibrium, ...
a the concentrations of the products and reactants must equal b
the rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal c both, a
and b are true
d neither a nor b are true
If stress i > applied to a system, the system will adjust to relieve the stress.
Which
scientist below is best noted for this concept?
a. Thomson
b. Avogadro
c. Le Chatelier
d. Darwin
12. A catalyst
a. speeds up a chemical reaction
b. is used up during the chemical reaction c.
both a and b
d. neither a nor b
a_
4.03 Reaction Rates
!.
a
3
The number of atoms, ions, or molecules that react in a given time to form
products is called the
a reaction process
c_ reaction mode
c. reaction rate
d. colliding mechanism
• Which three factors effect the rate of a reaction?
a. temperature, time, concentration
b temperature, concentration, activation energy
c. temperature, concentration, catalyst
d. temperature, time, catalyst
The rate of a reaction depends upon which of the following?
a. o^ only the collision frequency of the reactants
b on only collision efficiency of the reactants
c. on both collision frequency of the reactants and the collision efficiency
d on factors other than the collision frequency and efficiancy of the reactants
A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up is
called a(n)
a. catalyst
b. inhibitor
c. activated complex
d. none of these
S , Increasing the concentration of the reaction in a first order reaction has what effect
on the rate of the reaction?
a. the reaction rate increases b. the
reaction rate decreases c. the
reaction rate will stay the same d. the
reation rate will slightly decrease
4.04 Acids and Esases
/. An oxide that reacts with water to form acids is called
what? a. catalyst
c. acid anhydride
b. amphoteric
d. base anhydride
a.
The swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius was first to propose that acids (now known
as Arrhenius acids) are substances that, when dissolved in water, produce
which of the following ions?
a hydrogen ions
c. negative ions
b hydroxide ions
d. sodium ions
c3. Which acid would be almost completely ionized in a dilute water solution at
25°C. a HC_H 3 0 2
b. H 2 C0 3
b. H 2 S
d HN0 3
4.
What is the molarity of 250 mL of solution containing 20.g of
NaOH? (Atomic masses: H = 1.0; 0 = 16; Na = 23)
a
1,0 M NaOH
b. 2.0 M NaOH
c. 4.0 M NaOH
d. 8.0 M NaOH
5, Which of the following is not a property of acidic solutions?
a. they feel slippery
c. they conduct an electric current
b they taste sour
d. they cause indicators to change colors
. The substances produced in a neutralization reaction are
7.
a. an acid and water
c. water and a salt
b. abase and water
d water and an indicator
A hydronium ion is
a. an 0H' ion
b. an H' ion
c. an H,O` ion
d. none of these
b. -log(H,0 . 1
c [H 3 0'j
d. -[H,0'J
g, pH is equal to
a. log[Fi,O']
9,
Which of the following is a polyprotic acid?
a. HN0 3
b. HC 2 H 3 0 2
c. Ca(OH) 2
d. H 3 PO 4
to, K,, for the acid HBrO is
IH30
-
I[BrO - I
a
[HBrOI
I H 3 0 -] ( B r O
.
b.
IHBrOI
I
c [H30+)[Br0-] d
IH30_IIBrO
I
.
IH20IIHBr0j
~~What is the pH range of most acids in aqueowsolution at 25°C?
a. 0 to 6
b. 3 to 10
c. 6 to 8
d. 8 to 14
ia. The formation of charged atoms from solute molecules by the action of a solvent is
described by which term?
a. ionization
b. neutralization
c hybridization
d. vaporization
/J. What quantity of a 1.0 M NaOH solution will completely neutralize 10. mL of a 1.0 M
H2SO4 solution?
a 5.0 mL
b. 10. mL
c 15 mL
d. 20. mL
Which type of solution contains more hydronium ions(H 3 0') than hydroxide
ions(OH - )? a
a basic solution
c. a neutral solution
b an acidic solution
d. a salt solution
16. At 25°C, H,0 self ionizes and forms
a. H 30' and 0 -
c. H 20 and OR
b. H 30' and OH ~~. Neutral water has a [H] and [OH-) of
a
1 x 10 -'
d. H 30' and H'
b. 7 x 10 - '
d. 14 x 10 - '
c. 1 x 10'°
~~On the pH scale, a pH from 0 - 6.9 shows the presence of alan
a basic
b. neutral
c. acidic
solution
d. amphoteric
The pH of a solution is calculated by
a -log[OH - )
b. In[H')
c. -log[H')
d. log[H`)
19. If the [H,0] of a solution is 1 x 10 -4 M, the pH of the solution is
a4
b. -4
c. 10
d. -10
•2o. If the [OH - ) of a solution is 1 x 10 -6 M, the pH of the solution is
a8
b. -8
Sulfuric acid (H 2SO,) is a
a monoprotic
b, diprotic
c. 6
d -6
acid.
c. triprotoc
d. tetraprotic
zz
Whpn phosphorous acid. H 3PO,, reacts with aluminum hydroxide, AI(OH) 3. a salt is
formed. What is its name and formula?
a. aluminum phosphide, AIP
c. aluminum phosphde, AIPO,
b. aluminum hypcphosphite, AIPO,
4 3•
d. aluminum phosphate, AIPO,
Which of the following acids is most useful in the production of fertilizers and
explosives?
a. H 2S0 4
b. HN0 3
c. H,P0,
d. HCI
The pH of a solution equals
a. log[H 30')
b. - log[H 30')
c. fog[OH - )
d. - log[OH-)
ZS.
The pH of any basic solution is a. less than zero
b less than seven but greater than zero c. greater than seven
d exactly zero
~6 .
Why is dilute sulfuric acid a stronger acid than concentrated sulfuric acid
a. It can neutralize bases more easily.
c. It is a stronger oxidizing agent.
b. It has a lower density.
d. It is more extensively ionized
Can acid be found in the stomach?
a. Yes, and it is nec ssary for digestion. b.
Yes. but it is harmful if not neutralized. c.
Sometimes, when the stomach is upset. d.
No, this is a mistaken idea.
. All of the following are strong acids except
a. HCI
i i
i, J
b. HBr
c. H 3PO 4
d.
b +1
c. +6
d -1
a. 4
b. 6
at. If pH = 5.0, the (H') =
c. -4
d. -6
c. 5 x 10'
6 5 x 10'
2 1 •
1 .. ,.. , .„ .r..
r.
H2SO4
.
a. -6
So. If pOH = 8, then pH
a. 1 x 10* 5
b. 1 x 10 5
32, Consider the following reaction... NH, (1) + H 20(i) --+ NH,'(aq)+ OH - ( a q ) , if NH, is
abase, what is the conjugate acid?
a
H,0 (1)
b. NH,°(aq)
c. OH- ( a q )
d. there is no conjugate acid
M. The production of salt and water from and acid/base reaction is called
a a coni'Ligation b. lead
c. neutralization d. polymerization
34. in a titration, the point of neutralization is called the
a. change point
c. equivalence point
b. neutral point
d. neutralization point
3s.
A solution whose pH remains relatively constant when smali amounts of acids or bases
are added is called a(n)
a buffer
c. saturated solution
b. neutral solution
d. supersaturated solution
34. What pH would identify a solution as a base?
a. pH = 1
b. pH = 7
c. pH > 7
d. pH , 7
3 7 .
A solution has a pH of 10. What is the hydronium ion concentration of the
solution? a 1x10 - 'M b. 1x10 -'° M
c. 1x10' ° M
d. 1x10'M
3Y. The formation of charged atoms from solute molecu les by the action of a solvent
is described by which term?
a. ionization
b. neutralization c. hybridization
d. vaporization
39. Because of their origin and nature, the acids are found in fruits are called which of
the following?
a. reducing acids b. inorganic acids c. oxidizing acids d. organic acids
40. What acid could be used to produce sodium bicarbonate (a salt)?
a
qr.
H 2S0,
h. HCl
c
HN0,
d. H2 C0,
In the reaction NH3(9) + H 20 ( I ) e - ~ - NH,` (aq) + Cl - (aq) , is the H+ ion acceptor a.
NH, b. H 2O
c. NH, and H 2O
d. none of the above
yz. In the reaction HCI(g) + H 20(1) ca H,0'(aq) + Cl*(aq),
represents the
conjugate acid
a. HCI
b. H 2O
c. H,0'
d. CI 0.
What is the name of the weak base formed when ammonia is dissolved in
water'? a. calcium hydroxide
c. magnesium hydroxide
b. sodium hydroxide
d. ammonium hydroxide