GEOG 1113: Landforms
Spring 2009
I. Identify the following terms:
1. Aquiclude
2. Aquifer
3. Evapotranspiration
4. Infiltration
5. Percolation
6. Water table
7. Hygroscopic
8. Ogallala Aquifer
9. Center-point irrigation
10. Drawdown
11. Artesian wells
12. Artesian spring
13. Cone of depression
14. Salt-water intrusion
15. Subsidence
16. Karst
17. Cave
18. Cavern
19. Sinkhole
20. Perennial streams
21. Ephemeral streams
22. Drainage basin
23. Drainage divide
24. Tributary
25. Trunk stream
26. Confluence
27. Drainage density
28. Stream ordering
29. Stream hydrology
30. Stream hydrograph
31. Base flow
32. Flood stage
33. Return period
34. Erosional landforms
35. Depositional landforms
36. Splash erosion
Exam 2 Study Guide
Chapters 15, 16, and 17
37. Meandering stream
38. Braided stream
39. Aggradation
40. Degradation
41. Base level
42. Knickpoints
43. Cutbank
44. Pointbar
45. Oxbow lake
46. Natural levee
47. Backswamp
48. Alluvial terrace
49. Alluvial fan
50. Delta
51. Dam
52. Glacier
53. Firn
54. Zone of accumulation
55. Zone of ablation
56. Equilibrium line
57. Basal slip
58. Cravasses
59. Ice cap
60. Ice field
61. Tidewater glacier
62. Piedmont glacier
63. Valley glacier
64. Continental glacier
65. Glacial erratic
66. Glacial abrasion
67. Glacial striations
68. Cirque
69. Tarn
70. Glacial trough
71. Glacial drift
72. Moraine
73. Kettle lake
74. Pleistocene Epoch
75. Interglacial period
76. Glacial period
77. Milankovitch Theory
78. Isostatic adjustment
79. Periglacial processes
80. Permafrost
81. Talik
82. Ice wedge
83. Pingo
84. Patterned ground
II. Short Answer:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Why did the Ogallala Aquifer form?
Explain what is causing drawdown in the Ogallala Aquifer.
Give 3 sources of groundwater contamination.
Where can karst landforms be found?
What are the 3 sources of stream water?
Name and describe the 4 primary drainage patterns we discussed in
class.
7. Explain stream ordering. What happens when 2 order 1 streams
meet? When 2 order 2 streams meet? When an order 1 and order 2
stream meet?
8. Why would stream discharge vary with season?
9. If you live on the 100-year floodplain, what is the likelihood that
your house will flood this year?
10. Explain why the upper Midwest is prone to flooding by the
Mississippi River.
11. Explain the difference between a gully, canyon, rill, and ravine.
12. Give 2 examples of depositional landforms and 2 examples of
erosional landforms.
13. Name and describe the 3 ways streams carry sediments.
14. Explain the difference between a meandering stream and a braided
stream.
15. Why is Niagara Falls retreating?
16. Explain the importance of alluvial fans to western cities.
17. Why are deltas zones of intense sediment deposition?
18. How do artificial levees impact modern river systems?
19. How does urbanization impact flood events
20. Name 3 pros and 3 cons of dams.
21. Explain how glaciers are formed.
22. Name and describe the 2 types of glacial drift.
23. Why is Minnesota the Land of 10,000 Lakes? What kinds of lakes
are these?
24. What were the 2 ice sheets that covered North America during the
Pleistocene Glaciations?
25. How are oxygen isotopes used to reconstruct glacial history?
26. Name and describe the significance of the 4 possible causes of
glaciations.
27. Explain the seasonal changes in the active layer and talik in
permafrost.
III. Diagrams:
1. Illustrate the fate of precipitation on soil (The Groundwater
Model). Include the following terms in your illustration:
evapotranspiration, runoff, infiltration, percolation, groundwater,
water table, saturated zone, unsaturated zone
2. Illustrate the relationship between Aquifers and Aquicludes.
Include the following terms in your illustration: aquifer, aquiclude,
water table, bedrock, saturated zone, unsaturated zone, recharge
area.
3. Illustrate a small drainage basin. Include the following in your
illustration: drainage divide, tributary, confluence, trunk stream.
4. Illustrate a floodplain. Include the following terms in you
illustration: cutbank, pointbar, meandering stream, oxbow lake,
alluvial terrace, natural levee, backswamp, floodplain.
5. Illustrate a glacial mass budget. Include the following in your
illustration: zone of accumulation, zone of ablation, equilibrium
line, evaporation, sublimation, meltwater, crevasse.
6. Illustrate glacial depositional landforms. Include the following in
you illustration: terminal moraine, recessional moraine, lateral
moraine, medial moraine, glacier.