NAME __________________________
DNA, RNA, and PROTEINS
Chapter 12-1, 12-2, & 12-3
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
1)
The three bases on the tRNA molecule that are complementary to one of the mRNA codons are
called the
___________________.
A. message matches
B. anticodon
C. promoter
D. exon
E. intron
2) According to Chargaff’s rules, which nucleotide is always paired with Adenine IN A DNA MOLECULE?
A. Adenine
B. Thymine
C. Guanine
D. Cytosine
E. Uracil
3) Ribosomes are made out of __________________________.
A. RNA and proteins
B. phospholipids and proteins
C. glycoproteins and lipids
D. DNA and proteins
4) DNA replication results in two DNA molecules, ___________________________________________
A. each with two new strands
B. one with two new strands and one with 2 original strands
C. each with two original strands
D. each with one new strand and one original strand
5) Which type(s) of RNA is/are involved in protein synthesis?
A. t-RNA only
B. r-RNA only
C. r-RNA and m-RNA only
D. all 3 kinds of RNA are involved in making proteins
6) Where in the cell does transcription take place?
A. in the nucleus
B. on ribosomes in the cytoplasm
C. in Golgi bodies
D. on the nucleosomes
7) Where in the cell does translation take place?
A. in the nucleus
B. on ribosomes in the cytoplasm
C. in Golgi bodies
D. on the nucleosomes
8) DNA wraps around histones to form bead-like structures called __________________.
A. introns
B. exons
C. ribosomes
D. nucleosomes
9) How many codons are needed to specify THREE AMINO ACIDS?
A. 3
B. 6
C. 9
D. 12
10) What did the Hershey-Chase blender experiment help prove?
A. DNA is a double helix.
B. Pneumonia causes dead mice.
C. Histones are made of DNA.
D. The genetic material is made of DNA.
11) Many DNA molecules contain sequences called ____________ that are not involved in coding for
proteins and are edited out of the complementary RNA molecule copy before it is used.
A. exons
B. introns
C. nucleosomes
D. anticodons
12) The molecule that caused transformation in Griffith’s pneumonia/mouse experiment was
______________.
A. DNA
B. a bacteriophage
C. a protein
D. RNA
13) Nitrogen bases with only 1 ring are called ____________________.
A. nucleosomes
B. purines
C. pyrimidines
D. histones
14) The process of making a DNA copy of a DNA molecule (DNA  DNA) is called
____________________
A. transcription
B. translation
C. replication
15) The process of making a complementary RNA message from a DNA code (DNA  RNA) is called
_______
A. transcription
B. translation
C. replication
Use words from the word bank to match the following:
(You can use them MORE THAN ONCE!)
messenger-RNA
transfer-RNA
ribosomal-RNA
16) ________mRNA____________ Carries the DNA code from nucleus to cytoplasm
17) _______rRNA____________ Made by the nucleolus
18) _______tRNA____________ Adds the correct amino acid to the growing protein chain
19) _______rRNA____________ Combines with proteins to form ribosomes
20) _______mRNA____________ Has a CODON region
21) _______tRNA____________ Has an ANTICODON region
22) _______tRNA____________
23) _______mRNA___________
24) _______rRNA____________
COMPARE AND CONTRAST
CHROMATIN
25) long and thin (not visible)
CHROMOSOMES
26) condensed and coiled
27) non-diving cell
28) dividing cell (mitosis) – DNA
replicates in preparation to divide
What are DNA/proteins doing?
Type of cell seen in?
COMPARE AND CONTRAST:
DNA
29) Double stranded
RNA
30) single stranded
31) deoxyribose
32) ribose
33) A, T, C, G
34) A, U, C, G
35) Uracil
36) Thymine
37) Nucleus (mainly)
38) Nucleus and ribosomes (in
the cytoplasm)
Double / Single stranded?
Sugar used?
List all nitrogen bases it has
Which nitrogen base is missing?
Location in cell?
INTRON
39) They are both pieces of pre-mRNA
EXON
HOW ARE THEY ALIKE ?
What happens to it?
40) removed before leaving the
nucleus
41) Kept as final mRNA copy and
leaves the nucleus (are
“expressed”)
SHORT ANSWER:
Name the 3 parts of a nucleotide molecule:
____phosphate_______
___ 5-carbon sugar_____
_____nitrogenous base______
THINK ABOUT IT: Use what you know about heat and enzymes. (Chapter 1)
Why do you think heating the lethal pneumonia bacteria in Griffith’s experiment killed them?
_because heats causes the proteins to unravel (lose their shape) and no longer function__________
USING ANALOGIES:
If a double helix is compared to a “twisted ladder”, which would the following represent?
Sides of the ladder ? ____phosphates and sugar backbone__________________
Rungs of ladder ? ________nitrogen bases_______________________
Glue in the middle that holds the ladder together? _____hydrogen bonds______________