NAME ________________________________________________ PALEONTOLOGY LECTURE TEST # 1
MATCHING:
___ 1. Paradigm
A.origin and extinction of organisms is probabilistic
___ 2. Peramorphosis
B."fitness" of an organism
___ 3. Phenetics
C.process of classification
___ 4. Parsimony
D.most genetic differences neither foster nor hinder an
organisms survival
___ 5.Synthetic Theory
E.the determinants of traits on which natural selection
acts are genes
___ 6.Adaptation
F.single lineage changes over time
___ 7.Paedomorphosis
G.numerical taxonomy
___ 8.Biota
H.nutritional structure of ecosystem in which more than
one species occupies each level
___ 9.Ichnology
I.early life history stages of ancestors become the adult
stage in descendants
___ 10.Neutral Theory
J.form
___ 11.Anagenesis
K.the best hypothesis is the one with the fewest number of
processes
___ 12.Cladogenesis
L.single species divides into two lineages
___ 13.Stochastic Processes
M.model or pattern
___ 14.Morphology
N.trace fossil study
___ 15.Taphonomy
O.individual passes through evolutionary stages of its
ancestors
___ 16.Taxonomy
P.concerns passage of organisms from the biosphere to
the lithosphere
___ 17.Food Web
Q.flora and fauna
TRUE-FALSE (T-F; Make sure the "T's" and "F's" don't look alike!):
___ 18. Extinction is most likely in species with small populations and live in limited geographic areas.
___ 19. A steinkern is an impression of the outer surface of an organism.
___ 20. Syntypes are no longer used in taxonomic classifications.
___ 21. First appearances of fossils may be due to evolutionary first occurrence or immigration.
___ 22. Convergent evolution is where a close morphologic similarity arises between two unrelated groups that
take on similar life habits.
___ 23. Ammonites are the most important fossils used for Cenozoic biostratigraphy.
___ 24. Population exhibits linear growth; food production exhibits exponential growth.
___ 25. The basic unit of biostratigraphic classification is the biofacies.
___ 26. Divergent plate margins often result in greater similarity of organisms.
___ 27. No genus name can be duplicated, but species names can be duplicated.
___ 28. Biostratigraphic distributions are typically controlled by paleoecology and evolution.
___ 29. Warm-blooded organisms have more metabolic change with temperature change than seen in coldblooded organisms.
___ 30. Evolutionary taxonomy states that in classification, characters of individuals are more important for
classification than those of populations.
___ 31. Hard parts of radiolarians and sponges are typically made from a nitrogen-containing polysaccharide
termed chitin.
___ 32. Temperate climates contain more diverse plant and animal communities than tropical climates.
___ 33. The Miocene is the oldest epoch of the Paleogene Period.
___ 34. The life history of an organism is termed phylogeny.
___ 35. Typically lower-energy facies contain the best-preserved fossils.
___ 36. Allometric growth is where all parts grow at the same rate.
___ 37. Mammal ages are most similar to assemblage zones.
___ 38. Benthic forms are best for biostratigraphy.
___ 39. Transgressions probably have more devastating effects on species survival than regressions.
___ 40. Stenohaline organisms are more useful for paleosalinity studies than euryhaline species.
___ 41. Sexual selection depends on the fitness of the organism to its environment.
___ 42. A "life assemblage" of fossils is termed a thanatocoenosis.
___ 43. The process of evolution within a single lineage is macroevolution.
___ 44. Taxon and Concurrent Range Zones are most important range zones.
___ 45. Heterotrophs feed on other organisms.
___ 46. Coal balls are formed by means of permineralization.
___ 47. "Vicariating" means fragmenting.
___ 48. Most fossils are known from species that were common, widespread and long-lived.
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
___ 49. Morphology is controlled by A.growth B.phylogeny C.adaptation D.all of the above E.none of the
above
___ 50. ? have a pillbox-like frustrule. A.radiolarians B.dinoflagellates C.foraminiferans D.calcareous
nannoplankton E.diatoms
___ 51. ? Zones are grouped together because of the abundance of certain organisms. A.Teil B.Taxon Range
C.Concurrent Range D.Acme
___ 52. Rapid evolutionary change is termed A.horotely B.bradytely C.tachytely
___ 53. Within the ?, the invagination of the embryo becomes the anus. A.protostomes B.deuterostomes C.all
of the above D.none of the above
___ 54. The ? fauna consists of "pancake animals" that may have exchanged gases directly through their tissues.
A.Ediacara B.Tommotian C.Burgess Shale D.all of the above E.none of the above
___ 55. The hystricospheres are long-spined A.phylloid algae B.corallinacean algae C.dinoflagellates
D.receptaculitids E.bacillariophytes
___ 56. ? wrote the "Essay on the Principle of Population". A.Malthus B.Lamarck C.Wallace D.Darwin
E.Eldridge and Gould
___ 57. Stromatoporoids and chaetetids have often been classified within the A.Hexactinellida
B.Sclerospongiae C.Calcarea D.Demospongia
___ 58. The most advanced sponge type, in which flagellated cells are confined to spherical chambers buried
deeply in body wall, is an A.sycon B.ascon C.leucon D.rhagon
___ 59. The oldest foraminiferan test morphology, where particles are cemented on a layer of tectin, is
A.microgranular B.calcareous hyaline C.agglutinated D.calcareous porcelaneous
___ 60. There are typically ? recognized kingdoms. A.one B.two C.three D.five E.eight
___ 61. During the ? Stage of succession, there are abundant, rapid-growing, short-lived species that produce
abundant offspring. A.Climax B.Mature C.Pioneer
___ 62. ? foraminiferans tend to have spines, keels, or bulbous chambers. A.planktonic B.benthonic C.both
planktonic and benthonic forams tend to have spines, keels, or bulbous chambers
___ 63. The youngest PreCambrian eon is the A.Archean B.Phanerozoic C.Proterozoic D.Hadean
___ 64. Two or more different names given to the same animal is termed a A.homonym B.synonym C.type
species D.syntype E.holotype
___ 65. The central cavity of a sponge is termed the A.dermal pore B.osculum C.cloaca D.megasclere
E.microsclere
___ 66. ? is often used for dating volcanic rocks. The half life of this radiometric pair is 1.3 billion years.
A.uranium-238/lead-206 B.uranium-235/lead-207 C.thorium-232/lead-208 D.rubidium-87/strontium87 E.potassium-40/argon-40
___ 67. Methanogens, sulfur-metabolizing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria are A.Archaebacteria
B.Eubacteria C.all of the above D.none of the above
___ 68. "Glass sponges", which have six-rayed discrete or unified siliceous spicules, belong to the
A.Hexactinellida B.Sclerospongiae C.Calcarea D.Demospongia
___ 69. Willi Hennig formulated the theory of A.evolutionary taxonomy B.phenetics C.cladistics
___ 70. Within the ?, specialized cells form tissues. A.Protista B.Monera C.Metazoa D.all of the above
E.none of the above
___ 71. Archaeocyathans are found only in rocks of ? age. A.Proterozoic B.Cambrian C.Devonian D.Permian
E.Cretaceous
___ 72. ? are characterized by centric or pennate morphologies. A.radiolarians B.dinoflagellates
C.foraminiferans D.calcareous nannoplankton E.diatoms
___ 73. Pseudopodia and heterophasic reproduction (in which macrospheric and microspheric generations
alternate) is diagnostic of A.diatoms B.calcareous nannoplankton C.poriferans D.dinoflagellates
E.foraminiferans
___ 74. ? are specialized traits unique to one group. A.symplesiomorphies B.autapomorphies
C.synapomorphies
___ 75. The formation of external skeletons may be due to a need for A.muscle attachment B.calcium and
phosphate storage C.support above the substrate D.protection from predators E.all of the above
___ 76. ? usually have a double-wall with an intervallum in between; they have sometimes been placed within
the sponges. A.cnidarians B.radiolarians C.receptaculitids D.monoplacophorans E.archaeocyathans
___ 77. Fusulinid foraminferans became extinct during the A.Cambrian B.Mississippian C.Permian
D.Cretaceous E.fusulinid foraminiferans are not extinct
___ 78. The Protista, or Protoctista, are A.prokaryotes B.eukaryotes C.all of the above D.none of the above
___ 79. In the ?, the coelom forms when pouches from the gut extend into the mesodermal cells and are
"pinched off". A.acoelomates B.enterocoelomates C.pseudocoelomates D.schizocoelomates E.all of
the above
___ 80. Prokaryotes A.lack a nuclear membrane B.lack chromosomes C.are single-celled D.are often termed
monerans E.all of the above are true concerning prokaryotes
___ 81. Atmospheric ? is due to plant photosynthesis. A.nitrogen B.argon C.carbon dioxide D.oxygen E.all
of the above
___ 82. The ? were sac-like algal structures found in Ordovician-Permian rocks that are commonly known as
"sunflower fossils". A.phylloid algae B.corallinacean algae C.dinoflagellates D.receptaculitids
E.bacillariophytes
___ 83. Which of the following would not be considered a cause of metazoan diversification during the
Cambrian? A.end of Precambrian glaciation B.ozone layer forms C.increase in microorganisms and
trophic complexity D.secretion of skeletons E.oxygen increases to 21%
___ 84. The largest biogeographical unit, with over 75% endemic species, is the faunal A.subprovince
B.province C.realm D.region
___ 85. Which of the following is an acoelomate organism? A.Porifera B.Cnidaria C.Protozoa D.all of the
above E.none of the above
___ 86. The Devonian is younger than all of the following except A.Silurian B.Permian C.Cambrian
D.Ordovician E.the Devonian is younger than all of the above
___ 87. Asteroliths and coccoliths are types of A.radiolarians B.dinoflagellates C.foraminiferans
D.calcareous nannoplankton E.diatoms
___ 88. ? radiolarians have spherical symmetry. A.asterolith B.coccolith C.receptaculitid D.nasellarian
E.spumellarian
___ 89. ? is a type of preservation in which percolating groundwater introduces minerals into pore spaces.
A.durapartic preservation B.carbonization C.cellular permineralization D.replacement
E.recrystallization
___ 90. Punctuated equilibrium was first proposed by A.Mayr and Simpson B.Darwin C.Eldredge and Gould
D.Malthus E.Lamarck
___ 91. Radiolarians are found in ? environments. A.marine B.freshwater C.radiolarians are found in both
freshwater and marine environments
___ 92. Determination of paleosalinity may include studies of A.organic matter B.oxygen isotopes C.carbon
isotopes D.boron E.all of the above
___ 93. Names of ? often end in idae. A.kingdoms B.phyla C.classes D.orders E.families
___ 94. Proteins are made from A.amino acids B.nucleic acids C.organic phosphorous compounds D.all of
the above E.none of the above
___ 95. Species that share a common ancestry that are grouped together taxonomically are ? groups.
A.paraphyletic B.polyphyletic C.monophyletic
___ 96. Which of the following is not true concerning viruses? A.consist of a molecule of RNA or DNA
covered by a protein case B.meiosis is present C.sometimes placed in a separate Kingdom D.lack
typical cell characters E.reproduce in the cells of other organisms
___ 97. ? are the fundamental rock-stratigraphic units. A.supergroups B.groups C.members D.formations
E.beds
___ 98. Which of the following is equivalent to a series? A.epoch B.era C.eon D.period E.age
___ 99. The most abundant dissolved gas in seawater is A.oxygen B.carbon dioxide C.hydrogen sulfide
D.nitrogen E.all of the above are of equal concentration in seawater
___ 100. The ? cause "red tides" and are coral zooxanthellae. A.phylloid algae B.corallinacean algae
C.dinoflagellates D.receptaculitids E.bacillariophytes