Genetics Test Guidelines Sheet This test covers materials from 2 packets: “Genetics” and “Aspects of Biotechnology” (both of these packets are white) Genetics Material: o Know Mendel’s Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment o Know terms associated with genetics (allele, dominant vs. recessive, homozygous vs. heterozygote, phenotype vs. genotype) o Be able to determine parental crosses, to set up a Punnett Square, and to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring o Be able to explain a “test cross” (Remember: A test cross is used to determine the genotype of an individual that shows dominant phenotype) Cross the organism in question with homozygous recessive. If all offspring are the dominant phenotype, then the organism in question is homozygous dominant. If the recessive phenotype appears in the offspring, then the organism in question is heterozygous. o Know the difference between complete dominance vs. incomplete dominance vs. codominance Be able to solve genetic problems and to identify the pattern of inheritance o Blood Types Know blood types (phenotypes) are A, B, AB, & O Know the possible genotypes associated with these blood types Know what type of blood a person can receive in a blood transfusion based on their blood type o Sex-linked Traits (X-linked traits) Know that human females are XX and males are XY Be able to solve genetic problems for sex-linked traits and to predict genotypes and phenotypes of children Know what a “carrier female” means Be able to explain why males are more likely than females to suffer from recessive diseases carried on the X chromosome Biotechnology Material: o Know the definitions of restriction enzymes, recognition sites, sticky ends, and DNA ligase. o Refer to the questions in the biotechnology packet for what you need to know about Gel Electrophoresis, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Gene Cloning, & Genetically Modified Organisms o Know the basics of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (Virtual Mouse Cloning) & DNA Fingerprinting o Know the basics of Epigenetics Please be sure to review all homework, labs, and classwork worksheets some material from these sources will appear on the test. o Homework worksheets associated with the unit: Genetics Practice Problems (pink) Gene Technology Today: Molecular Blood Type Problems (green) Cutting & Pasting (white) More Genetics Problems (white) Aspects of Biotechnology WS (pink) o Labs and classwork associated with the unit: Blood Typing Lab (orange) DNA Fingerprinting (yellow) Virtual Mouse Cloning (green) Epigenetics WS (blue)