1. What is the chromosome theory of inheritance?
a. Chromosomes are carried from parents to offspring on mutations.
b. Genes are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes.
c. Mutations found in chromosomes are always harmful.
d. Genes form RNA and are carried in the chromosome.
2. Walter Sutton discovered that the sex cells of grasshoppers have exactly
a. 12 times the number of chromosomes found in the body cells.
b. Twice the number of chromosomes found in the body cells.
c. The same number of chromosomes found in the body cells.
d. Half the number for chromosomes found in the body cells.
3. What happens during meiosis?
a. Each sex cell loses half of its chromosomes
b. Chromosome pairs sepearte to form new sex cells
c. Each sex cell sopies itself to form four new chromosomes
d. Chromsome pairs remain together when new sex cells are formed
4. When sex cell combine to produce offspring, each sex cell will contribute
a. one fourth the normal number of chromosomes
b. half the number of chromosomes
c. the normal number of chromosomes
d. twice the normal number of chromosomes
5. What is the genetic code?
a. the order of nitrogen bases along a gene
b. the number of nitrogen bases in a DNA molecule
c. the order of amino acids in a protein
d. the number of guanine and cytosine bases in a chromosome
6. The order of bases along a gene determines the order in which
a. sugars are put together to form a carbohydrate
b. genes are arranged on a chromosome
c. amino acids are put together to form a protein
d. chromosomes are arranged in the nucleus
7. What does the messenger RNA do during protein synthesis?
a. copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the cytoplasm
b. copies the coded message from the DNA and carries in into the nucleus
c. carries amino acids and adds them to the growing protein
d. copies the coded message from the protein and carries it into the nucleus
8. What does the transfer RNA molecules do during protein synthesis?
a. copy the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the cytoplasm
b. copy the coded message from the DNA and carries in into the nucleus
c. carry amino acids and adds them to the growing protein
d. copy the coded message from the protein and carries it into the nucleus
9. What is a mutation?
a. any change that is harmful to an organism
b. any change in a gene or chromosome
c. any change that is helpful to an organism
d. any change in the phenotype of the cell
10. A mutation is harmful to an organism if it
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T/F
a. changes the DNA of the organism
b. changes the phenotype of the organism
c. reduces the organism’s chances for survival and reproduction
d. makes the organism better able to avoid predators
Where does protein synthesis take place?
a. in the ribosomes
c. in the chromosome
b. in the nucleus
d. in the DNA
Which nitrogen base in RNA is Not found in DNA?
a. adenine
c. uracil
b. thymine
d. guanine
Which combination of sex chromosomes results in a male human being?
a. XX
c. YY
b. XY
d. Both XX and XY
Genetic disorders are caused by
a. mutations
c. sickle-shaped cells
b. protein synthesis
d. RNA
Which genetic disorder causes the body to produce unusually think mucus in the
lungs and intestine?
a. Down Syndrome
c. Sickle-Cell Disease
b. Hemophilia
d. Cystic fibrosis
Which genetic disorder causes a person to have low amounts of hemoglobin in their
blood cells?
a. Down Syndrome
c. Sickle-Cell Disease
b. Hemophilia
d. Cystic fibrosis
Which genetic disorder is caused by an extra chromosome 21, and causes mental
retardation as one of its symptoms?
a. Down Syndrome
c. Sickle-Cell Disease
b. Hemophilia
d. Cystic fibrosis
What is a karyotype?
a. blood from a newborn baby
b. a picture of a baby before it is born
c. a picture of the chromosomes in a cell
d. fluid that surrounds a baby before it is born
How can genetic counselors predict genetic disorders?
a. by studying karyotypes and pedigree charts
b. by taking pictures of the baby before it is born
c. by exploring new methods of genetic engineering
d. by studying the baby after birth
Sex-linked genes are genes that are on the
a. X chromosome
c. X and Y chromosome
b. Y chromosome
d. all chromosomes
What procedure helps diagnose a genetic disorder before a baby is born?
a. genetic engineering
c. pedigree chart
b. selective breeding
d. amniocentesis
22. An organism’s physical appearance is its phenotype.
23. The sex cells produced by meiosis have twice the number of chromosomes as the
parent cells.
24. The number of four DNA nitrogen bases forms a genetic code for one amino acid.
25. Transfer RNA carries coded messages from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
26. Meiosis produces four cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of body
cells.
27. Meiosis goes through two stages.
28. Messenger RNA, ribosomes, transfer RNA, and genes are all responsible for protein
synthesis.
29. Some mutations can be helpful.
30. Amino Acids are the building blocks of ribosomes.
Using Science Skills
Answer the following questions using the diagram provided.
31. Identify structure A
a. amino acid
c. ribosome
b. protein
d. transfer RNA
32. Identify structure B
a. amino acid
c. ribosome
b. protein
d. messenger RNA
33. Identify structure C
a. amino acid
c. ribosome
b. messenger RNA
d. transfer RNA
34. Identify structure D
a. messenger RNA
c. amino acid
b. protein
d. transfer RNA
35. Identify structure E
a. amino acid
c. ribosome
b. protein
d. transfer RNA
36. What are the base pairs that join with TACGACTAAGCT
a. ATGCTGTAACGA
b. UUGCUGUUUCGU
c. AUGCUGAUUCGA
d. UAGCAGUAACGU
37. What is the total number of chromosomes found in Human sex cells?
a. 12
c. 46
b. 23
d. 63
38. What is the total number of chromosomes found in all body cells EXCEPT sex cells?
a. 12
c. 46
b. 23
d. 63
39. At the end of Meiosis I, chromosomes are
a. double stranded
c. lined up in the center of the cell
b. single stranded
d. do not have centromeres
40. The DNA is located inside the
a. ribosome
c. cytoplasm
b. nucleus
d. protein
41. During protein synthesis, ribsomes
a. bring amino acids to the messenger RNA
b. read or “translate” the coded message from the DNA
c. read or “translate” the coded message from the transfer RNA
d. read or “translate” the coded message from the messenger RNA
42. What chromosome determines “maleness”?
a. Y chromosome
c. X and Y chromosome
b. X chromosome
d. neither X or Y chromosomes
43. In the first step of protein synthesis,
a. the ribosome copies the coded message from the messenger RNA
b. an amino acid is carried on the transfer RNA
c. the DNA unwinds and messenger RNA copies the coded message
d. a protein chain is released into the cytoplasm
44. The scientific study of heredity is called
a. genetics
c. phenotype
b. traits
d. meiosis
45. Factors that control traits are called
a. genetics
c. genes
b. phenotype
d. proteins
46. An abnormal condition that a person inherits through chromosomes is called
a. a genetic disorder
c. a dominant allele
b. a mutation
d. a recessive allele
47. Unlike DNA, RNA
a. does not have adenine as one of its nitrogen bases
b. replaces cytosine with uracil
c. does not help in the production of proteins
d. is only single stranded
48. The process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form sex
cells is called
a. mitosis
c. genetics
b. meiosis
d. heredity
49. A sex-linked genetic disorder that does not allow blood to clot is called
a. Downs Syndrome
c. Hemophilia
b. Cystic fibrosis
d. Sickle-cell disease
50. What are the nitrogen bases that would join to the following sequence
GGCTACGTTAGCA?
a. CCGATGCAATCGT
b. CCGTACGAATGCT
c. GGCTACGTTAGCA
d. GGCATCGAATGCA