Biology A Final exam study guide
Name _________________________Date ___________Per____
Scientific method:
1.
List steps of scientific method. Define: hypothesis, theory
2.
How can scientific hypothesis be tested?
3.
Can a scientific theory be revised as new evidence is presented?
BASICS OF LIUFE
4.
All matter in the universe is composed of ________.
5.
Biology is the study of _________________ The smallest units that can carry on all the functions of life are called ______
6.
List main characteristics of living things.
MOLECULES OF LIFE (Give synonyms (other names)
7.
All organic compounds contain the element _____________________
8.
List four types of organic molecules (molecules of life) and name monomers
9.
How do proteins differ from each other?
TRANSPORT SYSTEMS IN CELLS
10. Define: Concentration; Low ______ Hight _____________Concentration gradient _____________________
11. List two main types of transport across the cell membrane, How do they differ? Give examples. What is facilitated diffusion
12. Diffusion takes place not only in living things. Give example of diffusion that takes place not in living things.
CELL STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS
13. Who observed cork cells under a microscope?
14. List the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Give examples
15. Describe, draw structure of the membrane and its function
16. A structure within a cell that performs a specific function is called
17. Proteins are made in cells on the _____________.
18.
Label each structure and name the function
19.
State difference between plant animal cells
20.
The organelles associated with photosynthesis and contain a green pigment are the _____________________.
NUCLEIC ACIDS AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
21. The primary function of DNA is ______________________________________________________________
22. Describe the structure if DNA. Don’t forget to mention the chemical bonds that hold two strands together.
23. The base-pairing rules state that the are following base pairs in DNA: _______________ _______________
24. RNA differs from DNA in that RNA
25. Types of RNA and their functions
26. Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a _______________
27. Each nucleotide triplet in tRNA that carries a particular amino acid is called a _______________
28. Describe the steps of protein synthesis
CELL DIVISION
29. Instructions for development that are passed from parents to offspring are known as ______________
30. The sequence of the cell cycle is ____________________________________Extra question
31. When do chromosomes duplicate? ___________________What process occurs when chromosomes duplicate? ________________
32. Draw and describe the structure of unduplicated and duplicated chromosome
33. Name two types of cell division. Compare and contrast these two processes
34. What cells in the organism undergo meiosis _____________________________________________
35. Describe and draw crossing-over
36. Why crossing over is so important? _____________________________________________
37. What happens with the number of chromosomes during meiosis ____________________________________
38. Define the terms and give examples of cells that are: diploid Haploid
MICROSCOPE STRUCTURE
39. How to calculate the total magnification under which you observe the specimen.
18.
Label each structure and name the function
19.
State difference between plant animal cells
20.
The organelles associated with photosynthesis and contain a green pigment are the _____________________.
NUCLEIC ACIDS AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
21. The primary function of DNA is ______________________________________________________________
22. Describe the structure if DNA. Don’t forget to mention the chemical bonds that hold two strands together.
23. The base-pairing rules state that the are following base pairs in DNA: _______________ _______________
24. RNA differs from DNA in that RNA
25. Types of RNA and their functions
26. Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a _______________
27. Each nucleotide triplet in tRNA that carries a particular amino acid is called a _______________
28. Describe the steps of protein synthesis
CELL DIVISION
29. Instructions for development that are passed from parents to offspring are known as ______________
30. The sequence of the cell cycle is ____________________________________Extra question
31. When do chromosomes duplicate? ___________________What process occurs when chromosomes duplicate? ________________
32. Draw and describe the structure of unduplicated and duplicated chromosome
33. Name two types of cell division. Compare and contrast these two processes
34. What cells in the organism undergo meiosis _____________________________________________
35. Describe and draw crossing-over
36. Why crossing over is so important? _____________________________________________
37. What happens with the number of chromosomes during meiosis ____________________________________
38. Define the terms and give examples of cells that are: diploid Haploid
MICROSCOPE STRUCTURE
39. How to calculate the total magnification under which you observe the specimen.