Chapter 4 Sections 3 and 4 study guide
TERM
DEFINITION
Walter Sutton
He discovered that sex cells have half the
number of chromosomes found in body cells
Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
Genes are carried from parents to offspring on
chromosomes
Meiosis
Chromosome pairs separate and are distributed
into new sex cells
Four sex cells are formed with half the number
of chromosomes as the parental cells
End of Meiosis
Each sex cell contributes…
Half the number of chromosomes in body cells
Genetic Code
The genetic code is determined by the order of
the nitrogen bases along a gene
The order of the bases along a gene determine…
The order in which amino acids are put
together to form a protein
Protein Synthesis
The production of proteins
Messenger RNA and Transfer RNA
What are the two types of RNA?
How is RNA and DNA different?
RNA has only one strand, different sugar
molecule, RNA contains uracil instead of
thymine
Mutation
Any change in a gene or chromosome
What are the three types of mutations?
Substitution, Deletion, Addition
How are mutations harmful?
If it reduces the organism’s chance for
survival and reproduction
White lemurs living in the wild? Helpful or
Harmful.
Harmful
Antibiotic resistance for bacteria? Helpful or
Harmful.
Helpful
Be able to identify the three different mutations: