Report of
Blood Bank
By
Taenia sageenata
Blood donation
2
1.Blood donation:
 Rules should we do in Blood Donation:
1. Age of Donors
18_65 years .
2. weight
not less than 50 kilo
3. Regulatory of donation
4.
2to 3 times in 1year.
not use blood from person have chronic disease and use continous treatment or
drugs .
5.
Doesn't travel to any suspected countries .
6.
Every health person can be a blood donor except pregnant women and breast
feeding baby or minstrel periods .
7.
from 1_5 or 6 times in year .
8.
Hb normal ,
Male
Female
13_18 g
12,5_16 g
Selection of donor
Name , Age , Weight
and Ask about health
Hypertensive , Diabetics , Cancer, TB, Malaria, Jaundice , Epilepsy, Kidney. Asthma
,Allergy ,Heart disease ..ect
Tests
Weight person , Measure B.p , CBC,Hb.
Tests to be done on blood donation
1. Hepatitis screening test ,Hb Bag , Heptitis C,D,E By RIA
2. syphilis
RpR +v throw blood.
3. HIV1,2
Todo this tests the sample are serum , because they are viruses .
4.ABO and Rh group .
 Anticoagulant
Used 63ml of anticoagulant in the page 450 ml of blood donor.
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Prevent blood coagulation with remove the calcium Citrate
1. Citrate phosphate dextrose Adenine (CPDA_1)
Store RBC 1_6°C for 35 days
2. Citrate phosphate dextrose (CPD)
Store RBCfor 28 days.
3. citrate phosphate dextrose _SAGM
Store for 42 days.
4. citrate phosphate dextrose_ADSOl.
Store for 42 days.
5. citrate phosphate dextrose( CPDA2)
Store for 42 days.
Platelets store until 5days in 22°C
Fresh frozen plasma store for 1year in 20°C_80°C.
 Collection of Blood
1. Check that donor arm do not have signs of needles he could be used drugs by
injection.
2. Choose the good vein and make sure that donor can handle the big
3. Bind the edge of entrances tube and then inject it in the vein to prevent air tapping
After end of the collection put the pag in the shaker to make proper mix with
Anticoagulant with blood.
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4. When the shaker reach to the specific weight it will cliping and stop the blood
from flowing .
 processing Blood separation
Componant of blood
Platelets
plasma
wBC
RBC
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 put blood bag in room temperature to prevent any effect for platelets
 Measure the bag and register the weight on this bag.
Two stages for separating blood
used refrigerator centrifuge.
First: Soft spine:
Used speed 2000 dilution /min for 6min in 22°C
First stage is separate platelets and plasma from red cells
give us
platelets rich plasma.
1. in the machine put the bag balanced in the liner to make equal weight
2. the machine consist of 6 cups contain two units to put the bags in the liner
(known weight) and start the soft spine .
After seprate blood ( red cells from plasma and platelets ) put it in machine that
extract the plasma and separate it from RBC to the second empty bag that attached to
the blood bag from beganing ( triple bag ) this machine called ( plasma extractor )
 Plasma extractor
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 his is amachine that extract the the plasma and separate it from red
blood cell it in the second empty bag that attached to the
blood bag from beganing (triple bag)
Principle:
Press the bag and break the clep of bag tube and plasma pass to other bag
use check to avoid blood passing with plasma
Put the empty third bag between red cells bag and plasma bag put it again
in the liner , there other machine can use for plasma extractor ( automatic )
just break the clipped and press start and work will done .
Second : Hard spine
To separate platelets from plasma
Use speed 4000 dilution / min in 22°C for 7min
to remove Wbc used filtration .. because some patient can not use WBC like in case
of thalassaemia _ sickle cell anemia , because it make allergy mean develop Abs
against them .
Red
red cells
Yellow
platelets
After hard spine use only the plasma and platelets and labeled their weight in the
bag.
Put the platelets for 2 hrs in room
temperature, and then store platelets in
platelet rotator for 5days for well mixing
Store frozen plasma for one year, not
less than -20°C
_ 80°C or below
stored in paper boxes.
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To use frozen plasma must be liquid, so we use plasma Defroster
(machine) or you can use water bath.
After liquefying plasma must be sure to used in 6 hours.
We can not frozen it again because after use machine plasma defroster the
components already decomposed.
Factor 8 it is found in plasma in good concentration
For use of factor 8 concentrate we keep the plasma in 15 to 18 days.
In cold room.
To use it liquefied the plasma by put it in 1_60°C
for more than 15
hours.
Other contents of plasma will be liquid. But factor 8 only by frozen
And we use with patient have Afibrongneamia.
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ABO Blood group
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2..ABO blood group
 1st blood group most important
 Natural Abs
occur after 6 months from born .
 Important in blood transfusion.
 Activated complement immunosystem.
A,B,O
A1,A2,B,A1B ,A2B , BLOOD Group .
ABO blood group procedure
Take 7 tube for direct and indirect, Rh (D)_ most immunogenic , control
.
Direct cell group in cell suspension
to detect Ag
Label the test
tube
10
Prepare 5% cell
suspension
(2drops of RBC + 19 drops
of saline .)
Add regent antisera
Add 2 drops of
reagent (Anti A,
Anti B, Anti AB)
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Add one drop of 5%
patient red cell
suspension
Centrifugation for 30
seconds,
Read and record agglutination reaction
Bloodgroup
Cell Ag
Anti A
Anti B
Anti AB
A
A
+
-
+
B
B
-
+
+
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AB
Aand B
+
+
+
O
No Ag
-
-
-
Indirect serum grouping
to detect Abs.
Label the test tube
Add 3 drops of serum
13
Add 1 drop of A1Cell , B
cell .
Mix and centrifuge
30 second
Read and record agglutination reaction
Cases
A1cell
Bcell
AB in
serum
Blood
group
1
-
+
B
B
2
+
-
A
A
14
3
-
-
No Ab
AB
4
+
+
A Ab and
BAb
O
Note :
 If Rh +ve (D -Ve)
make Du test
Du test
Put tube incubatation 37°C for 15 min and Make washing 4 times for D_ve
centrifuge 30 sec
Add 1drop of cooms reagent (antiglobulin antibody)
For the last time centrifuge 15 sec.
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Coombs test
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3_ Coombs test (Anti human Globulin Test )
Principle:
They both done to detect Abs
There are two types

Direct Coomb's test .( Direct Anti Human Globulin Test . DCT.
Used baby red cells (blood) have the Ag.

In Direct Coomb's test. In direct anti human Globulin Test . ICT.
Used mother serum have Ab IgG
 We used this Coombs test in Two cases :
B
Blloooodd ttrraannssffuussiioonn
IInn C
Caassee ooff pprreeggnnaannccyy
1. B
Blloooodd ttrraannssffuussiioonn: in cases of no maching between donor cells and
patients cells , patients will develop Ab to detect Ag (DCT)
2. IInn C
Caassee ooff pprreeggnnaannccyy
Example:
Mother
Father
RH _ve
RH+ve
Baby
RH +ve
if the baby have RH +ve , amount of baby blood enter to the mother body and
produce Ab against RH+ from baby .
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In the
Second
pregnant
Baby
RH +ve
the mother produce IgG Ab against RH +ve , enter to the baby blood and break it
cause H
Heem
moollyyttiicc ddiisseeaassee ooff nneew
w bboorrnn.
In the
Third
pregnat
The baby will
be die,
to protect the mother from this danger take her sryngy ( rugum injection ),
to prevent produced Ab even enter Ag to the baby body.
Note
If the RH-ve , used reagent contain Ocell, because its can not contain Ag.
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Coombs Test procedure
1. Take 4 tube , 3 for Indirect and 1 for Direct coombs test
2. do ABO blood group and Rh ( D) and Control.
3. Add 1 drop of cell 1 , cell2 , cell3 in all indirect tube only .
4. add 3 drop of serum suspension of all tubes ( Direct and indirect ) but Direct
2drops
5. add 2drop of Low Ionic strength solution to become the reaction between
Ag+Ab
6. incubation 15 min, in water bath
7. make washing 4 times for Direct and in direct tube for coombs test
8. add 2drops of Coombs reagent (anti anti body) , centrifuge 15 sec
9. read in microscope
If Indirect coombs test _ve its mean
If Direct Coombs test _ve
No allow Ab .
No Auto Ab.
10.Add 1drop of coombs control. ( to confirm for the work ) , Centrifuge for 15
sec.
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Cross Matching
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4_ Cross matching
Used for compare with blood patient and blood donor.
Two types:
Major Cross match: use patient serum with donor cells (mix)
Minor Cross match: use donor serum with patient cells.
Procedure :
1. Take 5 tubes for indirect Coombs test and Auto control + empty tube for Cross
maching
2. Do ABO blood group to know the blood group
3. Take segment of Blood group from cold room (Know unit number)
4. Add 2 drops of segment on empty tube <<make wash with saline 1 time
Centrifuge 30 sec
5. Add a little of saline Suspension _2drops suspension to cross match tube
6. Add to drops of liss reagent to all 5 tubes
7. Incubation 37°C , 15 min
8. Washing 4 Timecentrfuge 30 sec
9. Add 2 drops of coombs reagent, centrifuge 15 sec
10. Look under microscope
If the indirect coombs test will become –ve
No Allow Ab
If the Auto control tube will become –ve
No Auto Ab.
If the Cross matching _ve
in Compatible (NO Ab)
11. Add 1drop of Coombs Control IgG for all tube, centrifuge 15 sec
confirm the work is correct.
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+ve to
Haemolysis
Precipitation
Agglutination
Ag +Ab
reaction
Flocculation
Neutralizatio
n
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