Table S2 Characteristics of studies examining the relationship between pre-pregnancy BMI and offspring overweight/obesity
Source
Country study
Study
design/source
period
population (n)
of
Source
of
prepregnancy
BMI
Offspring
Source
Categories
age
offspring BMI
BMI
at
of
Diagnostic criteria for
Confounding factors considered
offspring
outcomes
overweight/obesity
(years)
Whitaker et al.
USA
Retrospective cohort from
Recorded
from
(2004) (72)
1992–1996
Women, Infants,
medical records
WHO
2, 3, 4
Recorded
from
IOTF
medical records
Maternal age, sex, race/ethnicity,
smoking during pregnancy, GWG,
and Children
maternal education
(n=8,494)
Padez
et
al.
(2005) (73)
Portugal
Retrospective
Questionnaire
10/2002–6/200
cross-sectional
3
children attending public
WHO
7-9.5
from
Measured
by
IOTF
trained
Sex, level of education, and birth
weight
technicians
schools in a districts
(n=2,043)
Li et al. (2004)
US 1979–2006
(74)
Retrospective cohort from
Computer-assisted
children
personal
National
data
of
the
Longitudinal
WHO
2-14
Measured
by
CDC
Breast-feeding
by 3
CDC
Maternal
age,
during
interviewers
interviewing
Survey of Youth
(NLSY79)
(n=2,530)
Salsberry et al.
(2005) (75)
US 1979–2002
Retrospective cohort from
Computer-assisted
children
personal
consecutive
smoking
interviewing
biennial
breastfeeding
National
data
of
the
Longitudinal
Survey of Youth
WHO
2-7
Observed
interviews
race/ethnicity,
pregnancy,
(NLSY79)
(n=3,022)
Dubois
et
al.
(2006) (76)
Canada
Prospective cohort study
Face-to-face
1998–2002
from the Quebec
interviews
Longitudinal
Study
WHO
4.5
Questionnaires
CDC
Smoking during pregnancy, monthly
weight gain from birth to 5 months
of
Child Development
(QLSCD)
(n=1450)
Hernandez-Valero
US
Retrospective
Structured
et al. (2007) (77)
7/2001–1/2003
population-based
interview
WHO
5-18
Structured
CDC
interview
Child’s sex, age, and level of
physical activity
Mexican–American cohort
by
University of Texas M.D.
Anderson Cancer Center
(n=438)
Hawkins et al.
UK 2000–2002
nationally
Interviewed in the
representative cohort study
home by trained
trained
(n=12,397)
interviewers
interviewers
USA
Retrospective data from the
Questionnaire
4/2003–9/2003
nationwide
(2009) (78)
Gewa
et
al.
(2010) (79)
Prospective
WHO
WHO
3
3-5
Demographic
Health Survey (n=1,443)
Maddah
et
al.
Iran
Prospective Cross-sectional
Self-administrated
Abrams
10/2006–3/200
survey from all elementary
questionnaire
and Parker
7
schools in Rasht (n=6,635)
Margerison Zilko
USA
Prospective cohort from
et al. (2010) (54)
1979-2006
the National Longitudinal
(2010) (80)
6-11
Measured
Recorded
by
IOTF
Birth weight, child’s sex, child’s
ethnicity, breastfeeding
from
W/IW
Maternal BMI, child’s size at birth,
the child health
child’s
cards
breastfeeding duration
Measured
by
IOTF
stunting
and
Age, sex, maternal educational level,
television
interviewers
status
viewing,
mother’s
employment, skipping breakfast
Self-reported
WHO
2-20
Measured by the
interviewer
CDC
Race,
poverty
educational
status,
maternal
attainment,
maternal
Survey of Youth
1979
age, smoking during pregnancy
(NLSY79)
(n=4496)
Laitinen
et
al.
(2012) (81)
Finland
Prospective cohort study
Recorded
7/1985–6/1986
from
medical records
two northernmost
provinces
of
from
WHO
16
Measured
trained
Finland
by
IOTF
study
et
(2012) (82)
al.
of
hemoglobin
in
pregnancy; offspring sex; and level
of education
USA
Retrospective data from a
12/1985–10/19
population of low-income
88
women seeking prenatal
Self-reported
WHO
5
Measured
interviewers
by
CDC
Child sex, gestational age, smoking
during
1st
trimester,
maternal
education, maternal age, race
care through the public
health
system
in
Birmingham (n=740)
BMI, body mass index; WHO, World Health Organization; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; IOTF, International Obesity Task Force; W/IW, ratio of weight (W) to ideal
weight (IW); GWG, gestational weight gain.
early
pregnancy; smoking during early
personnel
(n=6,637)
Janjua
Level