RNA:Structure, Function, Transcription, Translation
Puzzle Activity
1.
The process of transferring the genetic code from DNA to RNA is
called transcription
.
2.
DNA is used as the pattern or template to make RNA.
3.
RNA stands for ribonucleic acid. RNA and DNA are both nucleic acids
RNA NUCELOTIDES
4.
Ribose
a. What type of molecule is it?
sugar
b. What shape does it form?
ring
c. How is ribose different from deoxyribose?
one more oxygen
5.
Phosphate group
a. What does the phosphate bond to? (same as in DNA nucleotide)
sugar molecule - ribose
6.
Nitrogen Base
a. What are the four nitrogen bases used to make RNA nucleotides?
adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
b. Which base from DNA is replaced by uracil?
thymine
c. Is uracil a purine or a pyrimidine?
single ring - pyrimidine
d. What base is uracil complementary to?
adenine
TRANSCRIPTION: the making of RNA from DNA
7.
What happens first during transcription?
DNA unwinds and separates
8.
Are both DNA strands used as patterns to make RNA?
No, only one
Describe how the RNA strand is made.
DNA unwinds and separates, RNA nucleotides in nucleus
bond to one side of DNA, when gene is completed mRNA
breaks off and leaves nucleus, DNA closes back up
9.
10.
11.
What direction is the RNA strand made?
5’ -3’
Once the RNA strand is made it is released from the DNA and leaves
the nucleus to go to other parts of the cell.
12.
How does transcription differ from replication?
Making RNA, not DNA
13.
Is RNA single or double-stranded?
single
TYPES OF RNA
14.
15.
What are the 3 types of RNA and their abbreviations?
messenger RNA- mRNA, ribosomal RNA – rRNA
transfer RNA-tRNA
Complete the table.
Type of
RNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Shape
Function
Location
Single
Strand
Carries code from DNA in
nucleus to ribosome
Nucleus ->
ribosome
Single
strand
folded in
a T shape
Globular
Carries amino acids to ribosome
in order to make protein
Cytoplasm
-> ribosome
Combines with proteins to form
ribosomes
ribosomes
mRNA AND THE GENETIC CODE
16.
What controls the sequence of RNA bases?
the DNA sequence
17.
The RNA nucleotides are complimentary to the DNA nucleotides
18.
What is a codon?
3 mRNA bases
19.
What do the mRNA codons code for?
amino acids
20.
What polymer does a chain of amino acids make?
protein
21.
Which amino acids are specified by the RNA strand that you have
assembled?
cysteine, glutamic acid
22.
What is the name of the process that makes RNA from DNA? Where
in the cell does it occur?
transcription; nucleus
23.
Complete the table by using check marks to indicate to which molecule
each characteristic applies. Some characteristics may be found in
both molecules.
Similarities and Differences Between DNA and RNA
DNA
RNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
X
Ribonucleic acid
X
Ribose present
X
Deoxyribose present
X
Phosphate group
X
X
present
Adenine present
X
X
Thymine present
X
Uracil present
X
Guanine present
X
X
Cytosine present
X
X
Formed from
X
X
nucleotides
Double-stranded
X
Single-stranded
X
Remains in nucleus
X
Moves out of nucleus
X
Contains a chemical
X
X
message or code