Name: __________KEY_____________________ Period: _________ Date: _________
Cell Division Regents Practice
Living Environment
1. What are homologous chromosomes?
Chromosomes that are similar in size, structure and information. One is inherited from
the mother, one from the father.
2. Mitosis and meiosis have many things in common. Which of the following statements
is NOT common to both processes?
a. DNA is duplicated before the process begins
b. Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell
c. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase occur
d. Identical daughter cells are produced
3. ____Meiosis____ includes two cell divisions and results in four daughter cells
4. Which statement best explains the significance of meiosis in helping maintain
continuation of a species?
a. Meiosis produces eggs and sperm that are alike
b. Meiosis provides for chromosomal variation in the gametes produced by an
organism
c. Equal numbers of eggs and sperm are produced by meiosis
d. The gametes produced by meiosis ensure the continuation of any particular
species by asexual reproduction
5. Describe the development of cells beginning with the creation of sex cells. Include
the process of fertilization and the development of somatic cells of the zygote.
Sex cells – egg/sperm - are created through meiosis. When an egg and sperm come
together and fuse their nuclei, fertilization has occurred, creating a zygote (fertilized egg).
This fertilized egg develops into an embryo by creating additional body cells through
mitosis.
6. Meiosis occurs in the development of sex cells. Mitosis occurs in most other cells.
Identify two additional differences between these processes.
Meiosis: two divisions, produces four different cells
Mitosis: one division, produces two identical cells
7. In plants, one way sexual reproduction differs from asexual reproduction is that in
sexual reproduction
a. more offspring are produced
b. more genetic variation is seen in the offspring
c. the offspring and the parents are identical
d. more offspring survive to maturity
8. A normal body cell of a fruit fly contains eight chromosomes. Each normal gamete of
this organism contains
a. four chromosomes as a result of meiosis
b. four chromosomes as a result of mitosis
c. eight chromosomes as a result of meiosis
d. eight chromosomes as a result of mitosis
9. Which cell is normally produced as a direct result of meiosis?
a. a uterine cell having half the normal species number of chromosomes
b. an egg having the full species number of chromosomes
c. a zygote having the full species number of chromosomes
d. a sperm having half the normal species number of chromosomes
10. The diagram and chart below represent some of the changes a zygote undergoes
during its development
The processes that are most directly responsible for these changes are
a. sorting and recombination of genetic information
b. meiosis and adaptation
c. mitosis and differentiation
d. fertilization and cycling of materials
11. The diagram below shows the growth pattern of some skin cells in the human body
after they have been exposed to ultraviolet radiation.
The cells in area X are most likely
a. red blood cells
c. white blood cells
b. cancer cells
d. sex cells
12. The diagram below represents a yeast cell that is in the process of budding, a form of
asexual reproduction.
Which statement describes the outcome of this process?
a. The bud will develop into a zygote.
b. The two cells that result will each contain half the species number of
chromosomes.
c. The two cells that result will have identical DNA.
d. The bud will start to divide by the process of meiotic cell division.
13. A single pair of goldfish in an aquarium produced a large number of offspring. These
offspring showed variations in body shape and coloration. The most likely
explanation for these variations is that the
a. offspring were adapting to different environments
b. offspring were produced from different combinations of genes
c. parent fish had not been exposed to harmful chemicals
d. parent fish had not reproduced sexually
14. Which two structures of a frog would most likely have the same chromosome
number?
a. skin cell and fertilized egg cell
b. zygote and sperm cell
c. kidney cell and egg cell
d. liver cell and sperm cell
15. The least genetic variation will probably be found in the offspring of organisms that
reproduce using
a. mitosis to produce a larger population
b. meiosis to produce gametes
c. fusion of eggs and sperm to produce zygotes
d. internal fertilization to produce an embryo
17. Marine sponges contain a biological catalyst that blocks a certain step in the
separation of chromosomes. Which cellular process would be directly affected by
this catalyst?
a. mitosis
c. respiration
b. diffusion
d. photosynthesis
16. The diagram below represents a nucleus containing the normal chromosome number
for a species.
Which diagram bests illustrates the normal formation of a cell that contains all of the
genetic information needed for growth, development, and future reproduction of this
species? (3)
18. In an environment that undergoes frequent change, species that reproduce sexually
may have an advantage over species that reproduce asexually because the sexually
reproducing species produce
a. more offspring in each generation
b. identical offspring
c. offspring with more variety
d. new species of offspring in each generation
19. Which statement correctly describes the genetic makeup of the sperm cells produced
by a human male?
a. Each cell has pairs of chromosomes and the cells are usually genetically
identical.
b. Each cell has pairs of chromosomes and the cells are usually genetically
different.
c. Each cell has half the normal number of chromosomes and the cells are
usually genetically identical.
d. Each cell has half the normal number of chromosomes and the cells are
usually genetically different.
20. The diagram below represents a series of events in the development of a bird.
Which series of terms best represents the sequence of processes shown?
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