BPT SYLLABUS
1 First Year
01.
Human Anatomy
Theory
1.
2.
3.
Histology – cell tissues of the body, epithelium, connective tissue, cartilage, bone,
lymphoid tissue.
Embryology – a) Ovum, spermatozoa, fertilization and formation of the Germ
layers and their derivations (b) development of skin, Fascia, blood vessels,
lymphatic, (c) Development of bones, axial and appendicular skeleton & muscles,
(d) Neural tube, brain vessels & spinal cord, (e) Development of brain and brain
stem structures, Development anomalies. (Brief)
Musculo- skeletal anatomy –(All the topics to be taught in details)
1.
2.
3.
4.
4.
Anatomical Positions of body, axis, planes common anatomical
terminologies (groove, tuberosity, trochanters etc.)
Connective tissue classification.
Bones – Composition & function, classification & types according to
morphology & development.
Joints – definition – classification, structure of fibrous, cartilaginous joints,
blood supply and nerve supply of joints,
Regional Anatomy
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Skin and its appendages (Brief outline)
Cardiovascular system – Heart, (Gross Anatomy and Functions) Arteries,
Veins, Collateral Circulation
Respiratory system – Thoracic Cage, Brief outline of respiratory passages,
brief gross Anatomy of lungs and pleura, broncho – pulmonary segments
(Details of intercostal muscles, muscles and mechanism of respiration)
Digestive system (Brief outline of gastrointestinal tract and associated
glands)
Excretory system (Brief outline of Kidney, Ureters, Urinary bladder &
urethra in male and female)
Male and Female reproductive system (Brief outline of genital organs )
Endocrine system (Brief outline and classification of glands sites &
secretion)
Lymphatic system (Brief outline)
Upper Extremity
Page 1
a)
Oestology Clavicles, Scapula. Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals,
Metacarpals, Phalanges
Soft parts Breast, pectoral region, axilla, front of arm, back of arm,
cubital fossa, front of forearm, back of forearm, palm, dorsum of
hand, muscles , facial nerves, vessels and lymphatic drainage of
upper extremity
Joints Shoulder girdle , Shoulder joint, elbow joints, Radio ulnar
joint, wrist joint and joints of the hand
Arches of hand, skin of the palm and dorsum of hand.
b)
c)
D)
10
Lower Extremity :
a.
b.
11.
Trunk:
a.
b.
c.
12.
Oesteology: Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae
and ribs.
Soft tissue: pre and para vertebral muscles, intercostal muscles, anterior
abdominal wall muscles, intervertebral disc.
Joints: Hip joint, Knee joint, Ankle joint, joints of the foot.
Head and Neck:
a.
b.
5
Oesteology : Hip bone, femur, tibia,. Fibula, patella, tarsals,
metatarsals, and phalanges.
Soft Parts: Gluteal region, front and back of the thigh [femoral triangle,
femoral and inguinal canal], medial side of the thigh [adductor canal],
lateral side of the popliteal-fossa, anterior and posterior compartment of
leg, sole of the foot, lymph drainage of lower limb, venous drainage of
the lower limb, arterial supply of the limb, arches of foot, skin of foot.
Oesteology: Mandible and bones of the skull
Soft parts: Muscles of the face and neck and their nerve and blood
supply, occular muscles, salient points about the eye ball and internal
ear.
Neuroanatomy
1.
2.
3.
4.
Organisation of Central Nervous System – Spinal nerves & autonomic
nervous system mainly pertaining to cardiovascular, respiratory &
urogenital systems.
Cranial nerves
Peripheral nervous system.
Central Nervous System
Page 2
Peripheral nerve
Sensory end organs
Brain stem
Inferior Colliculi
Hypothalamus
Cerebral hemisphere
Meninges
Internal Capsule
The pyramidal system
Anatomic integration
Neuromuscular junction
Spinal segments & areas
Cerebellum
Superior Colliculi, Thalamus
Corpus Straitum
Lateral ventricles
Blood supply of Brain
Basal Ganglia
Pons, medulla,
extra pyramidal system
Practical
List of Practical/ Demonstrations
Topics
No. of hours
Upper extremity including surface Anatomy
17
Lower extremity including surface Anatomy
17
Head & Spinal cord and Neck and Brain
including surface Anatomy
22
4.
Thorax including surface anatomy, abdominal muscles, joints 14
5.
Histology – Elementary tissue including surface Anatomy
5
6.
Embryology – models, Charts & X – Rays
5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total
80
1.
2.
3.
Demonstration of the muscles of the whole body and organs in thorax and abdomen in a
cadaver. Demonstration of movements of important joints.
Surface marking of the lung, pleura fissures and lobes of lungs, heart, liver, spleen,
kidney, cranial nerves and important blood vessels.
Identification of body prominence on inspection and by palpation especially of
extremities.
Points of palpation of nerves and arteries.
Distribution of marks for Practical Examination
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Histology
Upper extremity
Lower extremity
Surface Anatomy
Head & Neck
Thorax & abdomen
-
10 spotters
8
8
5
5
4
---------40
----------
Total
Page 3
Note: The suggested number of hours of Practical and demonstrations are minimum only.
Recommended Text and Reference Books
1.
2.
3.
4
5.
6.
7.
SNELL [Richard. S] Clinical Anatomy for medical Students : Ed. 5 Little
Brown and Company, Boston 1995,p898, $26.50
MOORIE [ Kieth L], Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Ed.3, Williams and
Wilkins, Baltimore, 1992,p917.$30.
DATTA [A.K.] Essentials of human anatomy : Thorax and
Abdomen Ed. 3 Vol.l, Current Book International, Calcutta1994,p433.
Rs200/-`
DATTA [A.K] Essentials of human anatomy: Head and Neck. Ed.2 Vol
II, Current Book International, Calcutta 1995, p363 Rs.150/SINGH [Inderbir] , Text Book of anatomy with colour atlas :
Introduction, Osteology, Upper extremity, Lower extremity. Vol I
JP Brothers, New Delhi 1996, Rs.200/SINGH / Inderbir /, Text Book of Anatomy with colour atlas : Thorax
and Abdomen. Vol 11. JP brothers, New Delhi. 1996, Rs.175/SINGH / Inderbir /, Text Book of Anatomy with colour atlas : Head and
Neck Central Nervous System. Vol 111. JP Brothers, New Delhi. 1996,
Rs.175/SINGH / Inderbir/ Human Osteology. JP brothers, New Delhi 1990.P191
Rs.50/Practical
1.
2.
3.
ROMANES (GJ), Cunningham manual of practical anatomy: upper and
lower limb ed.15.Vol. I Oxford Medical Publication, Oxford 1996. P 263.
Rs.325 / ROMANES (GJ), Cunningham manual of practical anatomy: Thorax
and abdomen. ed. 15.Vol. II Oxford Medical Publication, Oxford 1996.
P298. Rs.325 / ROMANES (GJ), Cunningham manual of practical anatomy: Head and
Neck and brain. Ed. 15. Vol. III Oxford Medical Publication, Oxford
1996. P346. Rs.325
Page 4
02.
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
Theory
General physiology (details not required)
Cell structure and organalle, general principals of biophysics and body compartments
1.
Blood
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Composition and functions of blood, plasma and their formation.
Structure and formation and function of RBC, WBC, and platelets
Haemoglobin
Coagulation, bleeding time. Clotting time and their defects.
Blood groups and their significance.
Reticulo – endothelial system, structure and functions.
2.
Digestive System
1.
General introduction, organizational plan and digestive system
2.
Composition, function and regulation of salivary, gastric, pancreatic,
intestinal and biliary secretion
3.
Movements of G.I. Tract.
4.
Digestion and absorption of carbohydrate, protein and G R F
3
4
Urinary System - Functions and General introduction
Endocrine – Secretion, regulation and functions of pituitary, thyroid, adrenal,
pancreas, parathyroid, testies and ovaries. Influence of hormones on growth &
development, blood sugar and its regulation, blood calcium regulation.
Respiratory System
5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
6
Introduction, general organization.
Mechanics of respiration.
Pulmonary volumes and capacities
Transport of respiratory gases
Nervous and chemical, control, of respiration.
Pulmonary function tests.
Effect of exercise on respiratory system.
Cardiovascular System
1.
Structure and properties of Cardiac muscle
2.
Cardiac cycle
3.
Regulation of heart rate
4.
Cardiac output
5.
Blood Pressure and its regulation
6.
Regional circulation – coronary, skin, muscle, cerebral circulation
7.
Cardio respiratory changes during exercise and cardiac performance
during exercise
8.
Normal ECG
Page 5
Vision:
General outline of image formation and visual perception
Pupillary and conjuctival reflexes
Errors of refraction and correction of refractive errors
Extra occular muscles and eye movements
Nutritional deficiency and blindness
7.
Audition:
-
General outline of mechanism of hearing and perception of sound
Test for hearing, Types of deafness and hearing aids
Speech and its disorders
Vestibular apparatus
8.
Reproductive System
Changes during puberty, classification of male sex hormones
and their functions, spermatogenesis
Changes during puberty, classification and functions of female sex hormones,
menstrual cycle, ovulation and contraception.
Physiology changes during pregnancy, child birth, functions of placenta and
physiology of lactation.
9.
Neuromuscular Physiology
1. Nerve & muscle – structure and function of muscle and nerve cells,
classification of muscle and nerve fibers. Cell membranes, ionic and potential
and its propagation evoked potential factors affecting muscle tension,
neuromuscular transmission motor units, synapse, reflex physiology,
degeneration and regeneration of the nerve fiber, reaction of degeneration
muscle contraction mechanics, chemistry and biophysics.
2. Central Nervous System
a) Physiology of Synapse
b) Physiology of receptor organs for general special sensation
c) Physiology of touch, pain and temperature sensations
d) Physiology of reflex action, Classification and properties of reflexes
(excluding conditioned reflexes)
e) Sensory and motor tracts of spinal cord and effects of complete &
incomplete transaction of spinal cord at various levels
f)
Cerebral Cortex – characteristics, areas and functions.
g) Cerebellum and basal ganglia – upper and lower motor neurone type of
paralysis structure, functions and connections
h) Sensory and motor cortex
i)
Physiology of Labyrinthine
j)
Regulation of equilibrium and posture
k) Physiology of equilibrium and balance
l)
Learning, Memory.
Page 6
m)
Golgitendon organ
3. Autonomic Nervous System.
Theory
Physiology of exercise
1.
2.
Introduction to Exercise therapy
Effect of exercise on
a) Oxygen transport
b) Muscle strength / Power & Endurance
c) Mobility
d) Neuromuscular system
e) Body composition
f) Body temperature and basal metabolic rate
g) Hormonal system
h) Body fluid and electrolyte balance
i) Cardiovascular function
j) Respiratory functions
Physiology of Pain and Re – Education
a)
Types of muscle and nerve fibers and their properties and response
to various electronic stimulation
b)
Generation of action potential and its propagation
c)
Neuromuscular function and transmission of impulse
d)
Physiology of pain
e)
Psychosomatic Physiology of pain
f)
Physiology of Biofeed back
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF MOVEMENT
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Normal human developmental process
Reflex and reaction maturation
Sensory – motor integration
Rotation
Perception and motor learning
Growth, development and maturation
Practical / Demonstrations
Topics
A.
Hours
Haematology
a)
RBC count,
b)
WBC count,
c)
Differential Count,
d)
ESR
e)
Bleeding & clotting time
f)
Estimation of haemoglobin
g)
Blood groups
Page 7
10
B.
Human Physiology
1.
Practical
(1)
Examination of
a) respiratory system
b) heart and arterial pulse
c) deep and superficial reflexes,
d) Cranial nerves,
e) Motor system
f) Sensory system including higher functions
(ii)
Measurements of blood pressure
(2)
Demonstration (only)
(a) Pulmonary Function test (Spiro meter)
(b) Ergography and work done.
Topic
C.
Hours
14
Amphibian experiments
1
2
Practical
a) Muscle – Nerve preparation of frog (G.S. preparation) and recording
of simple muscle twitch.
Demonstration (only)
(i) Effect of following on G.S. Preparation.
a)Two successive stimuli,
b)Multiple stimuli.
c)Varying strengths of stimulus.
d)Phenomena of fatigue,
e) Effect of load on muscle contraction and
f)Effect of load on muscle contraction and work done,
g)Calculation of velocity of nerve impulse.
ii) Recording of normal cardiogram.
iii)Study of properties of cardiac muscle.
Note: * Practical consists of demonstration followed by actual practice by students.
Distribution of marks for Practical Examination
1. Haematology Practical
Student to perform one of the following
(a) RBC count,
(b) WBC count,
(c) Differential count,
(d) Estimation of haemoglobin and calculation of blood indices.
15 Marks
2. Human Physiology
Any one of the practical listed under
Practical (i) and (ii)
3. Amphibian experiments
consists of only charts and interpretation
15 Marks
Page 8
10 Marks
of data given in charts.
4. Interpretation of calculation of a given problem
5 Marks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total
45 Marks
Recommended text books
1.
GUYTON [Arthur C], Textbook of Physiology. Ed 8. Prism publisher, Bangalore.
1991 Rs. 470/2.
GANONG [ WILLIAM F ] Review of Medical Physiology, Ed 18 Appellations and
Lange. 1997 $18.00
3.
ESMILE SMITH [Donald] et. Al Text Book of Physiology, Ed 11 Churchil
Livingstone Edinburgh. 1998. P548
4.
VENDOR [A rthur J] ed. al. Human Physiology, Ed 6, McGraw Hill Inc. 1944,
p754. $18.50
5.
SELKURT [ ENALD E], Basic physiology for Health sciences, Ed 2, Little
Brown, Boston. P656,$36.50
6.
CHOUDHARI [ Sujith K], Concise Medical physiology, Ed 1, New Central
Books, Calcutta. 1993. Rs 415 /7.
TORATORA [ Gerald J] Principles of anatomy and physiology Ed 1, Harper
Collins College Publication, 1996. P 986. $39.00
8.
CHATTERJEE [CC] Human Physiology Ed 10, Vol 1. Medical Allied Agency,
1988, CHATTERJEE [CC] , Human Physiology: Central Nervous System Ed 11,
Medical Agency. 1988, p758. Rs. 150
9.
03.
PEARCE, Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses, 1st Indian Ed, JP Brothers, New
Delhi, Rs. 70/-
BIOCHEMISTRY
Theory
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Cell – cellular organelles, their structure and function
Protein – Definition, classification of amino acids (Neutral acidic & basic),
Functional classification of Proteins, structure of proteins, denaturation, plasma
protein
Enzymes – Definition, classification, properties, clinical importance, co-enzyme
and Isoenzyme
Lipid chemistry – Definition, general classification properties & functions of
lipids. Properties and function of triglycerides, fatty acids, saturated, unsaturated
fats, phospholipids and cholesterol, lipoprotein.
Carbohydrate chemistry – Definition, general classification.
Vitamins – [fat and water soluble] – Definition, classification, functions, dietary
sources, daily requirement and deficiency disorders.
Hormones – Effects of hormones on various metabolisms, hormonal disorders.
Detoxification.
Water electrolyte balance & acid base – balance.
Functional tests – Liver – renal function tests.
Common procedures used in the biochemistry – Chromatography, Blood – gas
analysis, flame photometer, electrophoresis.
Nutrition: Balanced diet, Nitrogen equilibrium, Biological value of protein; special
dynamic action [SDA], Respiratory quotient [RQ] and Nutritional disorders.
Nucleic acid chemistry ,General metabolism with disorder and importance
A. Carbohydrates
C. Lipids
Page 9
B. Protein
D. Nucleic acid
Practicals
List of Practical and Demonstration
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
TOPIC
No. of
Reaction of carbohydrates
--Reaction of proteins
Study of Normal Constituents of Urine
Study of abnormal Constituents of urine
(Glucose, Albumin, Blood,
Bile salts and pigments and Ketone
Bodies)
Estimation of Titrable acid and Ammonia in Urine
Estimation of blood glucose level
Demonstration [only]
a)
Electrophoresis
]
b)
Chromatography
]
c)
PH Meter
]
Hours
8
8
4
6
4
4
6
Note: The suggested hours are minimum only. There is no practicals in the University
examination for Biochemistry.
Recommended Text and Reference Books
1.
2.
3.
4.
MURRAY [ROBERT KK], Harper’s Bio chemistry Ed 24, Prentice Hall. 1996, p925.
Rs. 650
RAMAKRISHAN [S] PRASANNA {KG}, RAJAN {R}, Test Books of Medical
Biochemistry, Ed 1, orient Langman, Bombay 1980 p717.
VASUDEVAN [DM] and SREE KUMARI [S], Test book of Bio Chemistry for Medical
students, Ed 1, Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi, 1995,p637,RS175/DAS [Debajyothi], Biochemistry, Ed. 7 Academic publishers Calcutta, 1992,p648, Rs.
175/-.
Reference Books
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
LEHININGER [Albert] et. al., Principles of Biochemistry, Ed. 3, LBS Publishers
Delhi 1993, p1143, Rs.795/ORTEN [James M] and NEUHAUS [OHO]. W] Human Biochemistry, Ed., 9, Mosby
St. Louis, 1975, P994
Strayer [LUBERT], Biochemistry, Ed. 4, WH, Freeman & Co., Ny. 1995, p1064,
$49.95
DEVLIN [Thomas M] , Biochemistry, with Clinical Correlation, Ed. 4 Willey Libs,
1997, p1186, $30.95
MONTOGOMERY [REX] et. al., Biochemistry Case Oriented Approach, Ed 5, CV
Mosby St. louisd, 1990, p905, $16.00
04. MEDICAL ELECTRONICS
This course will enable students to understand basic aspects of electricity and medical electronics
as related to its application in electrotherapy instruments.
Page 10
Theory
1. Electrical fundamentals.
2. Main power supply – earthing. Types of plug. Switches – safety devices – for electric shock.
3. A C Electricity:
Sinusoidal wave form. Frequency, Wavelength, Amplitude and phase of a sine wave, Average &
RMS value of a sine wave.
4. D.C. Electricity:
Modern concept of electricity: Fundamental electric charges (Proton & Electron) Bound and
Free electrons. Conductors and insulator, free electrons and current, static electric charges.
Charging of an object, Potential and Capacitance. Potential difference and EMF, Quantity of
electricity, Magnitude of current, Resistance of conductor and Ohm’s law.
Resistance in series and parallel.
Discharging a charged objects.
Capacitor (Condenser). Electric Field around a capacitor, charging and discharging a capacitor,
types of capacitor with application of each in physiotherapy department.
Rheostat: Series and shunt Rheostat with application of each in physiotherapy department.
Effects of electric current: Thermal effects Chemical effect (ionization) and Magnetic effect.
Electric Shock, causes and its prevention.
5. Therapeutic Currents:
Impulse: Definition and types pulse duration and pulse repetition time. Interrupted Galvanic
Currents, Faradic current and Surged Faradic currents.
6. Magnetism:
Magnetic and non magnetic materials, Magnet and its poles:
The basic of Magnetism (Dipole theory). Magnetic lines of force and their properties.
Electromagnetism: Magnetic field around a current carrying conductor, Electro Magnetic
Induction, Lenz’s Law. Strength of induced EMF, Inductor and inductance. Even ratio, step–up,
Step–down and Earth free Transformers.
Precaution against earth shock. Variable and Auto Transformers.
7. Thermionic Valves:
Thermionic emission, Diode Valves and Triode Valves and their characteristics and constants.
8. Semi Conductor Devices:
Intrinsic and Extrinsic semiconductors, Advantages of semi conductor devices over. Thermionic
Valves. Semiconductor diode and Transistor. Biasing of Diode and Diode characteristics. Light
Emitting Diodes, Integrated Circuits.
9. A.C. and D. C. Meters :
Functions and applications of D.C. current meter D.C. Voltage meter, series and shunt Ohm
meters, Wheatstone Bridge and Multimeter Construction and application of Cathode ray
oscilloscope.
[Emphasis should be given to theoretical part without mathematical derivation, however, final
formula must be written).
Page 11
10. Electro – Therapeutic Modalities:
Introduction to Generation, circuit diagram, testing of apparatus, indications and contra–
indication of :
1. Low frequency currents.
2. D.C. Currents.
3. Medium frequency currents.
4. S.W.D. and pulsed S.W.D. [ Short wave diathermy]
5. M.W.D. [ Microwave diathermy]
6. Ultrasonic [ Therapeutics]
7. Infrared
8. U.V.R.[ Ultra Violet Radiation]
9. Laser. [ Infrared, Helium and Neon]
10. Principles of production of nebulized particles of fluids instrumentation circuits ( note
Emphasis is given only to generation, circuit diagram and testing of above apparatus)
Practical
Diode & Triode valves, Transistor Ammeter Voltmeter, Galvanometer, Rheostat resistance b.
Transformer.
Demonstration of possible electrotherapy unit circuits like stimulator, SWD and testing apparatus
etc.
Text Books Recommended
1. Fundamentals of Physics by Varghese, Parvathy Sebastian & Antony.
2. Technique of Electrotherapy and its physical and physiological basis by Stafford L Osborn
and Horald. J. Holmquest.
3. Therapeutic Electricity by Sydney Litch.
4. Medical Electronics Book.
5. Electricity and Magnetism by Brijlal & Subrahmanyam
6. Electrotherapy and light therapy by Kovac’s
05. COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
The course enables the students to understand the fundamentals of computer and its applications.
1. Introduction to Data Processing:
Features of computers, Advantages of using computers. Getting data into / out of computers. Role
of computers. What is Data processing? Application areas of computers involved in Data
processing. Common activities in processing. Types of Data processing, Characteristics of
information. What are Hardware and Software?
2. Hardware Concepts:
Architecture of computers, Classification of Computer, Concept of damage, Types of storage
devices. Characteristic of Disks, tapes, Terminals, Printers, Network. Applications of networking
concept of PC System care Floppy care Data care.
Page 12
3. Concept of Software:
Classification of software: System software. Application of software.
Operating system.
Computer system. Computer virus. Precautions against viruses. Dealing with viruses. Computers
in medical electronics.
Basic Anatomy of Computers
Principles of programming
Computer application – Principles in scientific research; work processing, medicine, libraries,
museum, education, information system.
Data Processing:
Computes in physical therapy – principles in EMG, Exercise testing equipment, Laser.
Recommended Text Books:
Sachdeva and Vidyabushan, Introduction to the study of sociology
06. GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY
Definition of Psychology
Definition of Psychology, basic Information in relation to following schools, methods and
branches:
a)
b)
c)
Schools : Structuralism, functionalism, behaviourism, Psychoanalysis
Methods : Introspection, observation, inventory and experimental method
Branches: General, Child, Social, Abnormal, Industrial, Clinical, Counseling &
Educational.
Heredity and environment:
Twins, relative importance of heredity and environment, their role, in relation to physical
characteristics, intelligence and personality, nature – nature controversy.
Development and growth behavior:
Infancy Childhood, adolescence, adulthood, middle age and old age.
Intelligence:
Definitions: Motive, Drive, incentive and reinforcement, basic information about primary needs:
hunger, thirst, sleep, elimination activity, air, avoidance of pain, attitude to sex. Psychological
needs: information security, self-esteem, competence, love and hope
Emotions:
Definition, differentiate from feelings, Psychological changes of emotion, role of RAS
hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, sympathetic nervous system, adrenal gland, heredity and
emotional nature and control of anger, fear and anxiety.
Personality
1.
Definition, list the components: Physical characteristics, character, abilities, temperament
interest and attitudes.
2.
Discuss briefly the role of heredity nervous system, physical characteristics, abilities,
family and culture on personality development.
3.
Basic concepts of Freud: Unconscious, conscious, Id. Ego & superego, list and define the
oral, anal and phallic stages of personality development. List and define the 3 stages in
proposed by Dellard and Miller, drive, cue, response and reinforcement.
Page 13
4.
Personality assessment: interview, Standardized, non-standardized exhaustive and stress
interviews, list and define inventeries BAI, CPI and MMPI Projective test: Rorschach,
TAT and sentence completion test.
Learning:
Definition, List the laws of learning as proposed by Thorndike. Types of learning: Briefly
describe, classical conditioning. Operant conditioning, insight observation and trail and error type,
list the effective ways to learn: massed Vs spaced, Role Vs part, Recitation Vs Reading, Serial Vs
Frec Recall, Knowledge of Results, association, organization, mnemonic methods incidental Vs
International Learning, role of language.
Thinking:
Definition, concepts, creativity, steps in creative thinking list the traits of creative people
delusions.
Frustration:
Definition sources, solution conflict: approach – approach avoidance – avoidance and approach
avoidance, solution.
Sensation, attention and perception
1.
2.
3.
4.
List the senses: Vision Hearing, Olfactory, Gustatory and cutaneous sensation, movement
equilibrium and Visceral sense, Define attention and list factors that determine attention
nature of stimulus intensity, colour, change, extensity, repetition, movement size curiosity
primary motives.
Define perception and list the principles of perception: figure ground, constancy,
similarity, proximity, closure, continuity values and interests, past experience context,
needs moods, religion, sex and age, perceived susceptibility perceived seriousness,
perceived benefits and socio-economic status.
Define illusion and hallucination.
List visual, auditory, cutaneous, gustatory and olfactory hallucination.
Democratic and authoritarian leadership:
Qualities of leadership: physical factors, intelligence, self-confidence, sociability, will and
dominance. Define attitude change of attitude by: Additional information, changes in
group affiliation enforced modification by law and procedures that effect personality.
(Psychotherapy, counseling and religious conversion)
Defense Mechanisms of the Age:
Denial, rationalization, projection, reaction formation, identification repression, emotional
insulation, undoing introjections, acting out, depersonalization.
07. SOCIOLOGY
Course Description
This course will introduce students to the basic sociology concepts, principles and social
process, social institutions [in relation the individual, family and community] and the
various social factors affecting the family in rural and urban communities in India will be
studied.
Page 14
Introduction:
1. Meaning – Definition and scope of sociology.
2. Its relation to Anthropology, Psychology, Social Psychology.
3. Methods of Sociological investigations – Case study, social survey, questionnaire, Interview
and opinion poll methods.
4. Importance of its study with special reference to Health Care professionals.
Social factors in Health and disease Situations:
1. Meaning of social factors.
2. Role of social factors in health and illness.
Socialization:
1. Meaning and nature of socialization.
2. Primary, Secondary and Anticipatory socialization.
3. Agencies of socialization.
Social Groups:
1. Concepts of social groups, influence of formal and informal groups on health and sickness.
The role of primary groups and secondary groups in the hospital and rehabilitation setup.
Family:
1.
The family, meaning and Definitions
2.
Functions of types of family
3.
Changing Family patterns
4.
Influence of Family on the individuals health, family and nutrition, the effects of sickness
in the family and psychosomatic disease and their importance to physiotherapy
Community:
1.
Rural community: Meaning and features – Health hazards of ruralities, health hazards to
tribal community.
2.
Urban community: Meaning and features – Health hazards of urbanities
Culture and Health:
1.
Concept of Health
2.
Concept of Culture
3.
Culture and Health
4.
Culture and Health Disorders
Social Change:
1.
Meaning of social changes
2.
Factors of social changes
3.
Human adaptation and social change
4.
Social change and stress
5.
Social change and deviance
6.
Social change and health programme
7.
The role of social planning in the improvement of Health and rehabilitation
Social Problems of disabled:
Page 15
Consequences of the following social problems in relation to sickness and disability remedies
prevent these problems.
1.
Population explosion.
2.
Poverty and unemployment.
3.
Beggary.
4.
Juvenile delinquency.
5.
Prostitution.
6.
Alcoholism.
7.
Problems of women in employment.
Social Security:
Social Security and social legislation in relation to the disabled
Social Worker:
1.
2.
Meaning of Social Works
The role of a medical social worker
Recommended Text Books
1.
2.
08.
Sachdeva and Vidyabushan, Introduction to the study of sociology
INDRANI T K, Text Books of sociology for Graduates Nurses and Physiotherapy
Students Brothers, New Delhi, 10
BIOMECHANICS OF HUMAN MOTION
Course Description
This course will enable the student to understand the bio mechanics and their application
Physiotherapy in restoration of the physical function
Section – I
Mechanics and Mechanical Principles:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Definition of mechanics, force, diagrammatic representation of forces, measurement of
forces, classification of force, Action of forces. Forces acting on the human body.
Concurrent force Coplanar and Parallel forces. Composition and Resolution of forces.
Momentum action and reaction, Friction, Rotation, about a pivot, Angle of pull of muscle.
Assistance and resistance to movements Memento of a force and practical application.
Gravity: Definition, Line of Gravity. Centre of gravity.
Equilibrium: supporting base, Stability of equilibrium, use of equilibrium board.
Energy Work and power: Potential and kinetic energy, Work and Power.
Levers: Lever, Action of the lever, Position of the fulcrum, Orders of levers.
Tools and other mechanical devices: Pulleys, system of pulleys, double pulley block.
Elasticity : Definition, Stress, Strain, Hook’s Law.
Springs : Properties of springs, springs in series and parallel.
Mechanics of peripheral joints in detail mechanics of muscle – types of contraction, angle
of pull, action of muscles.
Page 16
11.
12.
Biomechanics of spine.
Biomechanics of Breathing.
Section -II
Exercise Therapeutic Modalities
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Introduction
Mechanics and Mechanical principles.
a). Mechanical principles applied in physiotherapy like force momentum Torque etc.
b). Mechanics of Position Gravity, Line of gravity and centre of gravity in human body,
Base, Equilibrium fixation and stabilization.
c). Mechanics of Movement areas and planes, the plane of movement and gravity
d). Lever: Definition, Orders of Lever, examples in human body, Levers at home and at
work, Levers in physiotherapy
e). Pulleys: Different types of pulley and their uses in physiotherapy
f). Movement Analysis : ADL activities like sitting – to standing, lifting, various grips,
pinches, mechanics of breathing [mechanics or rib cage]
g). Elasticity: Elastic materials used in physiotherapy like, springs [in detail], Rubber
elastic and Sorbo Rubbers.
h). Hydrostatics and Hydrodynamics principles used in hydrotherapy.
Goniometry
Mechanical principles of equipment seen in the gymnasium like parallel bars, wall bars,
static cycle, Continuous passive motion {CPM}, shoulder wheel, shoulder ladder, stair
case, suspension apparatus {principles and use], springs, pulleys, tilt bed.
Walking Aids and Crutch [types]
Gait and Gait parameters normal & abnormal gait pattern.
Reference Text Books:
1.
2.
3.
Kisner, Therapeutic Exercise Foundation and Techniques, JP Bros Medical Publishers,
Bangalore, Ist Indian Ed 1997, Rs. 350.00
Brunnstorm, Clinical Kinesiology, JP Bros Medical Publishers, Bangalore, 5th Ed 1996, Ist
Indian Ed 1998,Rs. 250.00
Clinical Kinesiology for Physical Therapist Assistants, JP Bros Medical Publishers,
Bangalore Ist Indian Ed 1997, Rs. 300.00
Practical
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Goniometry
Equilibrium board, Shoulder wheel, Shoulder ladder, Bicycle ergometer.
Walking Aids/Crutches and stair case
Use of parallel Bars. CPM, stepper, treadmill wall Bars, Tilt Beds, springs, Pulleys,
overhead pulley system.
ADL analysis.
Suspension therapy – part , Suspension therapy of all joint.
Hydrotherapy.
Page 17
CLINICAL ORIENTATION
This is an ongoing clinical training program for the students.
At the level of year I the students must be exposed to the various clinical settings and some hours
the out patient department of physiotherapy.
At the level of year II the students should at least 3 morning sessions in the out patient
physiotherapy session and practice hands on skills learnt in therapeutics and electrotherapy.
At year III level onwards student should be placed in ward settings in various sections like
orthopaedics, general medicine, surgical, neurological and cardio thoracic settings.
At year IV level the clinical training continues and further exposure to Intensive Care and CCU essential.
Page 18
II Year
1.
PHARMACOLOGY
This course introduces the students to basic Pharmacology of common drugs used and their
importance in the overall treatment including physiotherapy.
GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY
Terminology
Classification of drugs
Principles of drug administration and routes of administration, distribution, metabolism, Excretion
of drugs, factors influencing drug action, dosage and factors modifying it.
Drug allergy and toxicity mechanism of drug action (various ways in which they act)
Definition, action, indication, contraindication, adverse reaction of the following:Drugs acting on peripheral nervous system: stimulating and inhibiting, cholinergic and adrenergic
endings. Drugs acting at neuromuscular junction and muscle. Muscle relaxant, Alcohol.
Drugs action on CNS: Analgesics, Antipyretic, Narcotics, Anti-inflammatory, antiepileptic drugs,
Sedatives, Hypnotics, tranquillizers, anticonvulsants, stimulants, psychotherapeutics.
Pulmonary effects of general anaesthetic agents Local Anaesthetic agents.
Drugs acting on digestive system in brief.
Drugs acting on CVS: Antihypertensive, Vasoconstrictors, Vasodilators, Diuretics, Mucolytic
agents, Bronchodialators drugs used in inhalation therapy.
Drugs which influence myocardial contractility and heart rate. Cardio respiratory function which
influence the physical exercise.
Bronchodialators- drugs used in inhalation therapy
Drugs action on C.N.S. and Cardio-respiratory function which influence the physical exercise.
Antimicrobial agents.
Anti Coagulant
Endocrine Pharmacology Thyroxin, glucocorticoids, anabolic steroids, calcitonia, insulin and oral
hypoglycemic agents.
Immunological agents and vaccines
02.
PATHOLOGY
Theory
General Pathology
1.
Inflammation – General aspects – types.
Page 19
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Tissue repair – wound healing fracture.
Cell injury – degeneration – physical and chemical irritants, ionising radiations – cellulitis
Disturbances of circulation – edema, thrombosis, embolism
Necrosis, Gangrene
Growth and its disorders –Atrophy Hypertrophy (Pseudo)
Cellular ageing
Tumors – Definition, Classification, Etiology and Spread (brief)
Infection –Acute/Chronic, including AIDS .
Blood: Anemia, definition, classification, etiology, laboratory investigation, blood picture.
Haemorrhagic disorders (causes and classifications)
Systemic Pathology: [Each condition in this section is to be taught under the specific headings
Causes, Development, Gross and Microscopic only]
Respiratory System
- Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Bronchiaectesis, Asthma,
Emphysema, Tuberculosis and Carcinoma of lung,
Occupational lung diseases.
Cardiovascular System
- Rheumatic heart disease, Myocardial infraction,
Atherosclerosis, Congenital heart diseases.
Alimentary System
- Peptic Ulcer
Ulcerative lesions of intestine
Liver
- Hepatitis, Cirrhosis
Central Nervous System
- Meningitis, Encephalitis, Cerebral Haemorrhage Brief
outline of Tumor.
Peripheral Nerves
- Neuritis, Neuralgia, GB Syndrome, Neuropathies
Bones – joints
- Osteomyelitis, Osteoarthritis, Septic Arthritis Gout, Arthritis
Osteomalacia, Bone tumors briefly. Giant cell tumor,
Osteosarcoma Ewing’s only.
Muscle
- Disorder of Muscle including poliomyelitis and myopathies.
Volkman’s Ischemic contracture
Skin
- Scleroderma, Psoriasis, Autoimmune disorders
Urinary System
- Nephritis, Glomerulonephritis, Nephrotic Syndrome
Endocrine
- Thyroid – Thyroiditis, Thyroid tumors, Diabetes
Practical
1. Demonstration of slides
Anemia
Leukemia
Acute inflammation, Chronic inflammation
Tuberculosis of lymph node
Page 20
Thrombosis, Embolism
Leprosy
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Osteogenic sarcoma
Osteoclastoma
2. Specimen Demonstration
3. Estimation of haemoglobin, ESR, Blood Grouping, RBC,WBC and platelet count
Recommended Text Books
JCE, Under wood – General and Systemic Pathology by Church Livingstone
03. MICROBIOLOGY
A – Introduction and history of microbiology
B – General lectures on micro- organism
1.Classification
2.Shape and arrangement
3.Special characteristics – spores, capsules, enzymes, motility reproduction
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
-
Disinfection and antiseptics
Sterilization and asepsis
Antibacterial agents – Fundamental aspect, susceptibility test.
Infection
- Source of infection
- Source of entry
- Spread of infection
- Non – specific immunity
- Immunity – natural and acquired
- Allergy and hypersensitivity
- Outline of common pathogenic bacteria and diseases produced by them
1. Respiratory tract infections - streptococcus infection, pneumocucci,
diphththerias, klebisella.
2. Enteric Infections – salmonella, Sigella E.Coli, Silriocholera
3. Anaerobic infection
4. Meningitis
5. Urinary tract infection
6. Leprosy and tuberculosis
7. Wound infections
8. Sexually transmitted diseases including AIDS
9. Hospital acquired infection – Pseudomonas, staphylococci
K - Pathogenic yeasts and fungi
L - Virology – Virus infections, with special mention of Hepatitis, Poliomyelitis,
HIV’s and rabies. Universal precautions against HIV infection.
Practical Demonstration only
1.
Staining
2.
Microscopy
3.
Sterilization
4.
Media
5.
Stool sample
6.
Applied Microbiology with respect to systemic, parasitology, mycology, immunology,
hypersensitivity test.
Recommended Text Books
1.
Satish Gupta. Short text book of Medical Microbiology, 7th Ed. Jaypee, New Delhi, 1995.
Page 21
2.
3.
Ichhpujani and Hatia, Microbiology for Nurses, Jaypee, Delhi, 1994
Jayaram Panicker Text book of Microbiology 3 rd Ed. Delhi Jaypee, 1993
04.
THERAPEUTICS (Exercise Therapy)
In this course, the students will comprehend the principles and effects of exercise as therapeutics
modality and will learn the techniques in the restoration of physical functions.
Therapeutic Exercise & Movement Therapy
1.
Evaluation Methods – principles – techniques – merits – demerits
a)
Individual and Group Muscle
b)
Mobility – goniometry and soft tissue tightness
c)
Limb girth and length
d)
Posture
e)
Chest expansion
f)
Hand function
2.
Massage – Principles, techniques, physiological and therapeutic effects – merits –
demerits- indications and contraindications specific manipulation and specific area of
body.
Page 22
3.
Relaxation – concepts – principles – indications – techniques
4.
Locomotion :
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Gait, normal gait analysis, pathological gaits, gaits training
Training with supportive aids
Staircase climbing
Transport
Walking aids – principles – selection – training – crutch walking – cane walking
Pre-crutch training
5.
A.D.L. (Activity for Daily Living with special emphasis to lower limbs and spine)
a)
Posture – Physiological deviation – corrective exercises ideal sitting – standing and
resting positions – preventive measures.
b)
Mat exercises – transfer activities – equilibrium / balancing exercises – principlestechniques – selection of mode – indications – contraindications
6.
a. Exercises for strength : Mobility, Flexibility, Power skill, Endurance, function and
specificity – principles –effect – merits / demerits- selection of exercises and techniques –
home exercise programme – objective methods- group exercises
b. Therapeutic Gymnasium
a. Breathing exercises-principle techniques, effect – merits / demerits.
b. Various positions used in therapeutics
c. Exercise for bronchial hygiene- postural drainage – coughing and huffing exercises –
home programme – principles techniques effect – merits and demerits
8.
Aerobic exercises – principals – techniques – effects – merits – demerits
9.
Hydrotherapy – principles – effects merits – demerits
10.
Exercise for hand function
11.
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
12.
Co – ordination exercise.
13.
Joint movement – principles of mobilizing joints for increasing its range of motion,
techniques of mobilization of stiff joint.
14.
Suspension therapy – principles types, uses merits, demerits
Practicals
7.
1.
2.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Demonstration and practice of movement to upper limb, lower limb and cervical spine and
lumber spine. [passive movements, active movements, resistance exercises delormes etc]
Massage – [practicals]
Demonstration and practice of all types of massage manipulation stroking. Effleurage,
kneading- circular kneading. Thumb kneading finger kneading picking up, skin rolling
[back], clapping etc. The above various type of manipulation should be demonstrated and
practiced to upper limb, lower limbs, back and face appropriately.
Suspension Therapy: Demonstration of types suspension therapy.
Demonstration and practice of stretching Techniques.
Demonstration and practice of mobilization of all joints of upper limb and lower
limb.
Demonstration and practice of techniques of strengthening.
Demonstration of exercises at different joints of upper limb, lower limb and spine
Practice of various types of gaits and pre crutch training.
Demonstration and practice of functional Re-education Technique.
Measurement of Limb length, girth
Berating exercises and postural drainage various positions
Page 23
12
Co-ordination exercises [frenkles exercises]
Books Recommended
1.
Principles of Exercise Therapy by M. Dena Gardner
2.
Practicals Exercise Therapy – Hollis Margaret
3.
Aids to physiotherapy – by JM Lee
4.
Therapeutic Exercise – by Basmajian
5.
Therapeutic Exercise –by Sydeny Litch
6.
ALIMCO Volumes
05 ELECTROTHERAPY
Theory
Section I – Low Frequency Current
1.
Types of currents used in therapeutics
a)
Direct current
b)
Alternating Current – short & long duration – evenly alternating sinusoidal
c)
Didyanamic current
d)
Medium frequency currents
e)
Micro current / high voltage currents
f)
Dipulse.
2.
3.
Production of electrical impulses
Principles of application
Electrode tissue interface
Types of electrodes
Current flow of tissues
Arrangement of electrodes
Water baths
Page 24
4.
5.
Unipolar – bipolar electrodes
Risk factors / precautions
Lowering skin resistances.
Direct currents – Iontophorosis, Cathodal / anaodal galvanism / electrophoresis –
indications contraindications.
Low frequency current – selection of currents.
Nerve Muscle Physiology
Resting potential, Action potential, Propogation of action potential, Motor unit, synapse
and synaptic transmission of impulse. Effect of negative and positive electrodes on nerve
and accommodations.
Faradic Current:
Definition, characteristic and modified faradic current, sinusoidal current. Parameters of faradic
stimulation. Physiological and therapeutic effects of faradic stimulation. Indications,
contraindications and precautions.
Techniques of stimulation, Group muscle stimulation
Faradic foot bath, faradism under pressure and pelvic floor muscle reeducation.
Galvanic current:
Introduction and characteristics
Parameters of Stimulation
Physiological and Therapeutic effects of stimulation
Indications and contra-indications
Principles of treatment and Techniques of stimulation precautions.
Electro – Diagnosis:
F.G. Test
S.D. Curve – Chronaxie and Rheobase
E.M.G, Nerve Conduction (in brief)
Nerve Conduction Velocity Measurement (out line only)
TENS
Definitions, Pain Gate Theory: Theories of pain modulation, principles of TENS treatment,
Techniques of treatment, Indications and Contra – indications.
Section II – Medium and High Frequency current and Thermotherapy
1. Medium frequency currents -
Didynamic currents
Russion Currents
Interferential currents
Safety with Electrical currents
Biofeed back
2. Electrical changes within the body
3. Biofeed back for pain relief.
4. Thermo & actino Therapeutic
a. Electro magnetic radiations.
b.Infra red – types-therapeutic selection – effects, indications and contra indications merits /
demerits.
c. Visible radiations.
Page 25
d. Laser-types-effects-techniques-merits-demerits.
e. U.V.R.-types-effects-techniques-merits-demerits.
f. Cold packs, hot packs, contrast bath, wax therapy.
5. Thermotherapeutic agents derived from high frequency currents – their effects – merits –
demerits – techniques - S W D / M W D / Ultra sound / Pulsed electromagnetic energy.
Practicals
To elaborate on techniques of all the modalities of low middle and high frequencies current.
Detailed techniques of application of therapeutic currents – precautions – risk factors.
Preparation of patients / equipment / electrodes / safety techniques of applications.
Pre application testing Thermotherapy
1.
Physiological effects of heat & cold.
2.
Comparison of superficial heat, deep heat and cryotherapy, contrast bath, fluido therapy.
3.
To elaborate the following topics in terms of specific physiological and therapeutic
effects, indications and contra-indications, advantages over other modalities (Comparison)
principles of selection of that specific thermo therapeutic modality and techniques of
individual modality.
a.
Superficial heat – paraffin wax bath, domestic methods, dry and wet heats.
b.
Cryotherapy – contrast bath and fluido therapy.
c.
Deep heat – (i) S W D – to elaborate about various electrodes and methods used
(ii) M.W.D.-to calibrate on various electrodes. (iii) Therapeutics ultrasound.
4.
Various types of electrodes use in Thermotherapy and action therapy, merits and demerits
of the electrodes used, specific techniques pertaining to particular modalities.
5.
Pre-application testing.
06. BIO-ENGINEERING
This course supplements the knowledge of Anatomy and enclose the students to have a better
understanding of the principles of biomechanics and their application in musculo-skeletal function
and dysfunction and in design manufacture and use of bio-engineering appliances.
Theory
1.
Introduction and terminology: prosthesis and orthosis.
2.
Classification of orthoses and prostheses.
3.
Bio-mechanical principles of orthotic application.
4.
Bio-mechanical principles of prosthetic application.
5.
Designing of upper and lower extremity and spinal orthosis including indications and
check out.
6.
Designing of upper and lower extremity prostheses, indications and check out.
7.
Materials used for fabrications.
8.
Psychological aspects of orthotic and prosthetic application.
9.
Prescription and design of foot wear and modifications.
10.
Wheel chairs
11.
Design and construction of adaptive devises.
Practical
Page 26
The student is trained in evaluation and planning prosthesis and orthosis as well as in acquiring
ability to do the check out.
Recommended Books:
1.
2.
3.
Atlas of Orthotics: Biomechanical Principles and Applications, St. Louis, C.V. Mosby,
1975.
American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons: Atlas of Limb Prosthetic Principles. St.
Louis, C.V. Mosby, 1981.
ALIMCO Volumes
III Year
1. CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS
The course enables students to understand the common traumatic and orthopedic conditions
which cause disability.
Theory
Section –1
General Orthopaedics: Clinical examination of an orthopaedic patient, common investigations,
Radiological and Imaging techniques [salient features]
Deformities – Acquired deformities, causes – principles of Management
Splinting
Traction Procedures – Materials
Preventive orthopedics
Geriatric orthopedics
Congenital disorders
Common disorders: Congenital Torticolis, Congenital CLUB FOOT, CDH, Congenital scoliosis,
flat foot.
Rare disorders: Congenital construction bands, Congenital Pseudo anthrosis of tibias, Congenital
Radioulnar Synostosis, Congenital limb deficiencies.
Uncommon Disorders: Coxavara, Congenital Vertical talus, Ostogenesis Imperfecta AG. MC
Infection of bones and joints
Pyogenic – Acute osteomyelitis, complicating open features, chronic osteomyelitis Brodies
abscess.
Tuberculosis of spine, major joints and other joints (Hip, Knee, Ankle Elbow, Shoulder & Wrist)
Tuberculosis Osteomyelitis – Dactylitis, Caries rib.
Arthritis – Acute pyogenic Arthritis – septic arthritis of infancy, small pox arthritis – Chronic
arthritis – Syphillic infection of joints – Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteo arthritis.
Bone Tumors – classification Primary Bone Tumors – Osteosarcome, Giant Cell Tumor, Ewings
Sareoma
Page 27
Bone Metastasis
Neurological and Muscular disorders.
Anterior poliomyelitis stages, management, surgery
Cerebral Palsy – types, treatment
Leprosy: Classification, management foot drop, claw hand tropic ulcer
Muscular dystrophy: types and treatment
Birth injury: Erbs palsy, Klumpkes palsy Peripheral Nerve injury and its management
Section II
Traumatology :Fracture and Dislocation: Briefly mention – Types of fracture and dislocation, symptoms and
signs of above injuries and their principle of management and complication, healing of fracture.
Spinal Injury – Paraplegia, Quadriplegia.
Pre and post operative management of tendon transfer.
Tendon operation, External fixation, Limb re-attachment, spinal stabilization
Ligament & Meniscus Injury of Knee.
Lower Limb
Backache: Lumbosacral strain, Intervertebral Disc prolapse, Lumbar Canal stenosis, sacroiliac
strain spondylosis
Foot : Painful Heel, Metatarsalgia, Foot strain, Flat Foot.
Regional conditions of neck and upper limb
Neck
Cervical spondylosis
Cervical rib
Torticollis
Brachialgia
Shoulder:
Rotator Cuff Injury
Periarthritis shoulder
Tendinitis – Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus, Bicipital Tendinitis
Elbow:
Tennis elbow, Golfers elbow
Wrist and Hand: Describe Queruain’s Disease
Hand
Trigger finger & thumb, Ganglion
Carpal tunnel Syndrome
Mallet finger
Duptyuren’s contracture
Practical
Page 28
The students will be exposed to a variety of clinical cases, with case, demonstration and ward
rounds.
Books Recommended
1.
Text Book Orthopaedics – Maheshwari
2.
Natarajan’s Text Book of Orthopaedics and Traumatology –
3.
Outline of Fractures –Adams
4.
Outline of Orthopedics –Adams
5.
Orthopaedics & Traumatology – Natarajan
6.
Aplay’s Orthopaedics
02. GENERAL MEDICINE
Theory
This course follows the basic science subjects to provide the knowledge about relevant aspects of
general medicine
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Infection: Infectious diseases including AIDS, poisons & venoms, emphasis in common
diseases.
Deficiency diseases in adults and malnutrition.
Diseases of metabolism – special emphasis to be given to Diabetes mellitus its varieties
and management.
Endocrine diseases, special emphasis to be given to obesity and its related disorders –
management – Diet exercise and medication.
Diseases of the blood (anaemia, clinical manifestation common anaemia’s and
management haemophilia)
Diseases of the digestive system (in brief) management.
Rheumatic Fever, Common Rheumatic conditions
a) Rheumatoid Arthritis – pathology – classification – clinical manifestations, medical
management.
b) Polyarthritis, Juvenile R.A., Ankylosing spondylitis, Psoriatic arthritis, polyarteritis
modosa, scleroderma
c) Degenerative – primary / secondary Osteoarthritis, pseudo joint, Avascular necrosis,
Perthese disease.
d) Calcium metabolism and its disorders: Osteomalacia, Osteoporosis: symptoms.
Management.
Cardio – Thoracic Conditions
A> Brief idea of Anatomy and Physiology of Cardio respiratory system
B> Outline Aetio Pathogenesis of Cardio – respiratory disorders, Investigations, Diagnosis,
Differential diagnosis and principles of Management
C> Cardio –Vascular system:
1. Cardiac failure –Definition, Causes, Symptoms and signs and Brief management of
Cardiac failure
2. Rheumatic fever – Definition, Brief description of etiology, Clinical features,
Complications and treatment
Page 29
3. Congenital Heart Diseases – Classification and brief outline of diseases like ASD, VSD,.
PDA. Fallot’s Tetralogy with complication.
4. Ischemic Heart Disease –Aetio pathogenesis classifications Symptoms, Diagnosis,
Medical and Surgical treatment
5. Hypertension – Definition, Classification, Symptomatology, complication and treatment
6. Infective Endocarditis – Brief aetiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Diagnosis and
treatment.
7. Brief description of Deep Vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
8. Vascular Disease Atherosclerosis, Burgers disease, Phlebitis etc.
9. Cardiac Muscle disorder: Cardiomyopathies, Myocarditis
10. Cardiac Tumors
D> Respiratory System:
[Respiratory disease including diseases of chest wall]
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Chronis Bronchitis and Emphysema; Definition; Clinical features diagnosis and
Treatment
Bronchial Asthma; Definition, Aetiopathogenesis, Clinical features, Diagnosis and
Treatment
Pneumonia ; Definition ,Classification, Clinical tests of pulmonary tuberculosis,
Diagnosis Complications and Treatment
Tuberculosis; Aetiopathogenesis, Clinical tests of pulmonary tuberculosis. Diagnosis,
complication and treatment.
Lung abscess and bronchiactesis; Definition, Clinical features, Diagnosis and treatment.
Chest Wall deformities; Describe various deformities of chest wall and effect and
Pulmonary diseases associated with it.
Occupational lung diseases –Clinical features, diagnosis and treatments.
Respiratory failure – classification, causes and treatment.
ARDS
Intensive & Emergency Care: (First Aid)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Review of anatomy & Physiology related to acute care – cardio – vascular system,
pulmonary system nervous system & musculoskeletal system.
Common emergencies ( surgical and medical)
Trauma – Accidents : explosions: riots: gunshots – shock haemorrhage - DIC
Burns, septicemia – acute respiratory failure, pulmonary oedema / pulmonary
embolism – A.R.O.S. Cardiac failure / Myocardial infarction, Cardiac arrhythmias
unconsciousness /Coma / cerebral hypoxia – drug overdose, poisoning, Tetanus,
respiratory paralysis ( Polio – G.B. Syndromes) Renal Failure – obstetrical
emergencies – Paediatric emergencies.
Intensive / metabolic emergencies
Anaesthetics – types – indications – merits – demerits – effect of Gen – Anaesthesia on
cardiopulmonary function.
Special procedures in intensive care, cardio pulmonary resuscitation and airway care –
bronchoscope – throacentasis – tracheotomy – intubations – chest tubes (Nasogastric tubes
and trachnicals incubation) –Skeletal and skin tractions.
Bioelectric instrumentation / interpretation – E.C.G. Cardio pulmonary monitoring –
Radiological evaluation – A & C. Analysis. Fluid & electrolyte balance – haematological
studies.
Page 30
7.
8.
Therapeutics – Mechanical Ventilators – Medical gas therapy I.P.P.B.
Psychosocial aspect of critical care.
Psychiatric disorders
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Mental health – normal mental health, Criteria of normality or matured personality factors
contribution to normal mental health self actualizing individual.
Psychosis
Affective disorders (a) Mania – Hyper mania, (b) Depression types.
Epileptic disorders
Hysteria
Introduction to the dynamics of Psychophysical disorder Asthma, skin rashes
Treatment in psychiatric disorders.
Pediatric Conditions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
C.N.S. Involvement in children - Tubercular meningitis & other infective conditions.
Birth trauma / intrauterine and early infancy conditions. Cerebral palsy – types – methods
of evaluation – management.
Learning disorders – perceptual disorders.
Mental retardation – etiological factors, types symptomatology treatment.
Problems in emotional development – nail biting, bed wetting behavioral problems, thumb
sucking, aggressive & harmful behaviour, relationship of child – parent – teacher.
Childhood obesity and its complications.
Hereditary neuromuscular disorders- Down’s syndrome.
Congenital neuromuscular disorders including spinal dystrophism.
Peripheral neuromuscular disorders including polio, spinal muscular atrophies, muscular
dystrophics, myopathy.
Malnutrition and vitamin deficiency – associated systemic conditions – Rickets, skin
conditions, deficiency neuromuscular conditions.
Respiratory conditions, Asthma T.B. Bronchioctesis and neuromuscular conditions.
Acute paediatric respiratory distress syndrome – intensive paediatric care.
Intensive neonatological and paediatric surgical care.
Congenital cardiovascular problems – management.
Cardio – respiratory rehabilitation in children.
Dermatology Conditions
Diseases of the skin: common diseases of skin – leprosy, vasomotor disorders, trophic ulcers,
their classifications and management, coccal and fungal parasitic and viral infections, skin
diseases related to Rheumatology, and tropical skin diseases
Text Books Recommended
1.
Patrice A dowine, Textbook of General Medical and Surgical Conditions for
Physiotherapists, JP Bors. Medical Publishers, Bangalore, lst Indian Ed 1993.
Rs. 250.00
03.
GENERAL SURGERY
1.
2.
Haemorrhage, shock, water & electrolytes balance.
Burns – classifications – early and late complications, management and reconstructive
surgery.
Page 31
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Skin grafts and flaps classifications, criteria for selections, indications for management of
cosmetic surgery ( to be taught by plastic surgery unit)
Common problems of ear, Otitis media.
Wounds, sinuses and ulcers, incisions building and principles of treatments.
Abdominal surgery – cholecystis, peptic and duodenal ulcer.
Otosclerosis, functional achonia and deafness, management – facial palsy –classification,
medical and surgical management of lower motor neurone type of facial palsy.
Surgery of genetic – urinary system, prostatectomy, nephrectomy – relapse rectum,
reconstructive Surgery in paralytic, condition.
Ophthalmological conditions, refractions, conjunctivitis, glaucoma, corneal ulcer, iritic,
cataract, retinitis, detachment of retina, ptosis defects of extras ocular muscles – surgical
management.
Hernia – types and management.
Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
Gynaecology and Obstetrical conditions.
1.
Anatomy of pelvic organs / mechanics and physiology of pelvic floor – sphincter muscles.
2.
Menstrual cycle & its disorders.
3.
Maternal Physiology in pregnancy.
4.
Malnutrition and deficiencies in females.
5.
Other hormonal disorders of females –obesity and female hormones.
6.
Infections & sexually transmitted disease in females including AIDS.
7.
Cancer of the female reproductive organs – management.
8.
Menopause, its effects on emotions and musculoskeletal systems.
9.
Sterility – Pathophysiology – investigations – management.
10.
Musculoskeletal disorders during pregnancy.
11.
Prenatal complications – investigations – management.
12.
Child birth –Complications – investigations management.
13.
Urogenital dysfunction, pre- post natal conditions.
14.
Lactation – Management.
15.
Methods of birth control – merits / demerits.
16.
Complications of multiple child births.
CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY
1. Introduction
Types of incision, Pre and post operative Assessment, management and complications of
cardiothoracic surgery and their management.
2. Cardiac Surgery
I>
Outline, indications, Contra – indications, site of incision. Pre and post Operative
Management and Complications of the following:
Valvotomy and Valve Replacement
Open Heart Surgery /Cardiac by pass Surgery
Surgery on Pericardium.
Operations on Congenital disorders, Heart Transplantation, Pacemaker
Coronary Angioplasty
Balloon Angioplasty and Vascular Surgery
[Outline surgery of Artery and Veins]
Page 32
3. Thoracic Surgery:
I>
II>
III>
IV>
Outline, Clinical features and management of the following: fracture of ribs, Flail chest,
Stove in chest. Pneumothorax, Lung Contusion and Laceration and Injury to Vessels and
Branches.
Outline Indications, Contra Indications, Site of incision, Pre and Post operative
management and complications of following:
Lobectomy, Pneumonectomy, Segementectomy, Pleuropneumonectomy, Thoracoplasty,
Decortications, and Tracheostomy.
Outline, clinical features and management of Carcinoma of lung.
Describe in detail of the following procedures:
Management of endotracheal tubes, Tracheal suction, Weaning the patient form
Ventilator, Extubation, Post –Extubation Care.
VI>
Describe the principles of Cardio – pulmonary Resuscitation, Cardiac massage, Artificial
respiration. Defibrillators and their use. Brief idea on pharmacology related to cardio
respiratory disease
ICU – care
4.
ENT Condition – otitismedia, Sinusitis, rhinorrhea.
V>
Practical
The student will be exposed to various clinical cases where possible, through ward rounds and
case presentation
Books recommended
Medicine:
1.
Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine
2.
Harrison’s Internal Medicine
3.
Braunwald Text of Cardiology
4.
Text Books of Cardiology by Hurst
Surgery:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
General Surgical Operations – by Kirk/ Williamson
Surgery by Nan
Bailys and Love – short practice of Surgery
Chest Disease by Corofion and Douglas.
Patrice A Dowine, Textbook of Heart, Chest Vascular Disease for Physiotherapists, JP
Bros Medical Publishers, Bangalore, lst Indian Ed. 1993 Rs. 250.00
04.
COMMUNITY MEDICINE
This course provides knowledge about epidemiology, health education, communicable
diseases, health delivery system in urban and rural India and National Health Programmes.
It foundation to practical.
1. General concept of health and disease with reference to natural history of disease with
pre-pathology phase. The role of social economic and cultural environment in health and
disease.
Page 33
2. Epidemiology and scope.
3. Public Health Administration – Over all view of the Health Administration setup and
Central and State levels. Health care delivery programs in urban and rural areas, Health
and Population statistics.
4. The National Health Programmes- High lighting the role of social , economic and
cultural factors in the implementation of the National Programmes.
5. Health problems of Vulnerable group - Pregnant and lactating women, lnfants and Preschool children Occupation groups and Geriatrics.
6. Occupational health: Definition, scope, occupational disease and hazards.
7. Social security and other measures for the protection of occupational hazards, accidents
and disease.
8. Family planning- Objectives of national Family Planning progammes and Family planning
methods. A general idea of advantages and disadvantages of methods.
9. Metal Health – Community aspects of mental health: role of physiotherapists / therapists
in Mental Health Problems such as mental retardation.
10. Communicable diseases – An overall view of communicable diseases classified according
to principal mode of transmission. Role of insects and other vectors.
11. International Health Agencies.
12. Principles and process of communication, I.E.C. [Information, Education and
Communication]
13. Health Education Philosophy, Main Principles and Objectives.
14. Methods and Tools of health education: Individual and group methods.
15. The role of profession in health education: Role of other personal in health education, coordination and co-operation, health education with other members of the health team.
16. Elements of planning a health Education Programmes.
05. NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY
Neurology
Neurology Following the basic science and clinical science course, this course introduces the
students to the neurological conditions which commonly cause disability.
1. Basic Neurophysiology:
a. Motor [Pyramidal, Extrapyramidal and cerebellar
b. Sensory
c. Reflexes, Bladder and Bowel control.
2. Principles of clinical examinations, Diagnosis, differential diagnosis and management of
common Neurological disorders.
3. Salient Clinical Features and Management of common Neurological Disorders.
a) Cerebral Palsy with Mental retardation
b) Cerebra Vascular Accidents Stroke (Hemiplegia) monoplegia
c) Neuro – Infection
I>
Meningitis
II>
Encephalitis,
III>
Poliomyelitis
IV>
Neurosyphilis
Page 34
d)
Movement disorders [Parkinsonism, Dystonia, Chorea & Tremors and
Writer’s Cramps]. Cerebellar ataxia, FriedReich’s Ataxia etc.
Motor Neurone Disease
Dementia
Disease of spinal cord
e)
f)
g)
I>
II>
h)
Peripheral Neuropathies:
I>
II>
III>
i)
j)
Compressive [ Spondylotic, Tumors]
Non –Compressive, paraplegia, quadriplegia
GB Syndrome
Diabetic
Entrapment neuropathies
Muscle Disorders
I
Dystrophies
II
Polymyositis
III
Myasthenia Gravies
Neurogenic bladder
Neurological disease and tropical conditions
Neurosurgery
A. Neurophysiology
Review in brief the neruophysiological basis of tone and disorders of tone and posture. Bladder
control muscle contraction, movement and pain.
1.
2.
Congenital and Childhood Disorders
a)
Hydrocephalus
b)
Spina bifida
Trauma – Broad localization, First Aid and Management of squeal of Head injury and
Spinal cord injury.
3. Disease of the spinal cord:
a)
Craniovertebral junction anomalies
b)
Syringomyelia.
c)
Cervical and lumber disc disease
d)
Tumors
e)
Spinal archoniditis
3.
Peripheral Nerve Disorders:
a)
b)
Peripheral nerve injuries : Localisation and Management
Entrapment neuropathies
5. Intracranial tumors; Broad classification signs and symptoms
6. Pre-operative assessment and indications and contraindications for Neurosurgery.
7. Management of pain, Electrical Stimulation on brain and spinal cord.
Page 35
8. Neurological conditions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Head injury – causes and mechanism of head injury subdural epidural and intracranial
bleeding types of neurological disorders following head injury Personality disorders,
epilepsy, Pharmacology of drugs used. Management of head injury in acute, stage.
Tumors of neurological system management.
Spinal cord lesion management.
Paraplegia, hemiplegia, quadriplegia management.
Neurogenic bladder – classification – management.
Paediatric conditions – meningocele, meningomyocele, spinal tumors, poliomyelitis.
Peripheral nerve lesions, management.
Surgical Management of brain diseases and Cerebro Vascular Accidents.
Practical:
Clinical assessment of Neurological function to be taught through bedside of demonstration in
clinical class of the following
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Basic history taking to determine whether the brain, spinal cord of peripheral nerve in
involved.
Assessment of higher mental function such as Orientation. Memory, Attention, Speech
and Language
Assessment of Cranial nerves
Assessment of Motor system
Assessment of Sensory Function, Touch, Pain and Position
Assessment of Tone – Spasticity, Rigidity and Hypotonia
Assessment of Cerebral function.
Assessment of Gait abnormalities
Books Recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine
Medicine and Neurology by Golewala
Surgery by Nan.
Bailly’s and Love – Short Practice of Surgery
Brains Clinical Neurology
Page 36
FINAL YEAR
(IVth Year)
01. PHYSIOTHERAPY IN ORTHOPAEDICS
Course Description
This course serves to integrate the knowledge gained by the students in clinical Orthopedics with
skills gained in Exercise Therapy, Electrotherapy and thus enabling them to apply to clinical
situations of dysfunction due to musculoskeletal pathology.
Section - I
1.
Traumatology and Orthopedics
General Physiotherapeutic approach for traumatic
a) Classification of fracture, causes and types.
b) Signs and symptoms of fractures.
c) Complications of fracture.
d) Healing and fracture affecting it.
e) Principles of fracture management.
f) Principles of Physiotherapy management in fracture
g) Physiotherapy management of complications
h) Dislocations –Common sites, sign and symptoms
2.
Specific fractures and their complete Physiotherapy Assessment and management.
Scapula, Clavicle, Humerus, Ulna and Radius, Colle’s Fracture
and crush injuries of Hand.
Lower Limb: Fracture of pelvis, Neck of femur, Shaft of femur
Patella, Tibia and fibula, Pott’s fracture, fractures of tarsal and
Metatarsal bones.
Spine:
Management of fracture of spine with or without neurological deficit
Soft tissue injuries: Soft tissue injuries, Synovitis, Capsulitis, Volkmann’s ischemic
contracture etc. Tear of semi lunar cartilage and cruciate ligament of knee.
3.
Principles of Physiotherapy Assessment and Management in dislocation.
Upper Limb:
Section –II
1. Degenerative and Infective Conditions:
Osteoarthritis of major joints, Spondylosis, spondilitis, prolapsed intervertebral disc-lesion,
spondylolisthesis, Periarthritis, Rotator Cuff Lesions of shoulder, etc. Tuberculosis of spine, bone
and major joint, perthes disease.
Rheumatoid arthritis, Ankylosing spondilits etc.
And other miscellaneous orthopedic conditions commonly treated by physiotherapy and
physiotherapist
Page 37
2. Deformities:
a.
b.
2.
Congenital : Tortiocollis and Cervical Rib, C.T.E.V.; Pes cavus and planus and other
common deformities
Acquired : Scoliosis, Kyphosis, Lordosis, Coxavara, Genuvalgum, Genu Varum and Genu
recurvatum etc.
Orthopedic Surgery:
Pre and post operative assessment and management of surgeries like Arthorplasty, Arthodesis,
and Osteotomy. Tendon transplant, Soft tissue release, Grafting, Partial and complete joint
replacement, Arthroscopy, spinal stabilisation, Reattachment limbs. Illizarov technique, surgeries
in C.P. and polio and External Fixators.
4. Amputations:
Levels of amputation of upper and lower extremity, stump care, setup bandaging, pre and post
prosthesis fitting assessment and management [check out of prosthesis, Training etc.]
Complications of amputations and their management.
5. Manipulation / Mobilization / Therapy:
Assessment, Principles and techniques of therapy and factors considered in therapy – [Mckenzie
Mait Land mention only].
6. Ergonomic measures [in brief]
Practical:
Various physiotherapy modalities and treatment techniques for the above mentioned conditions to
be demonstrated and practiced by the students accompanied by clinical training in the said area.
Text books recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
02.
Cash’s text book of orthopedics and rheumatology for Physiotherapists, Patricia A.
Downie Ist Edn. JP Bros, New Delhi, 1993, Rs. 250
Physiotherapy in Rheumatology
Clinical Orthopedics for Physical Therapy – by Campbell
Tidy’s Physiotherapy
Clinical Orthopedics for physical Therapy – by Richardson and Sadowasky
May, Amputations an Prosthetics: A case study Approach I st Edn JP Bros, New, Delhi,
1997, Rs. 250/Mangione, physical Diagnostic Secrets, 1st Edn, JP Bros, New Delhi 1998 Rs. 250/D’ Young, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Secret, 1st Edn, 1997JP Bors, New Delhi
1997, Rs. 250/-
PHYSIOTHERAPY IN GENERAL MEDICINE INCLUDING
CARDIOTHORACIC CONDITIONS
Course Description:
This source serves to integrate the knowledge gained by clinical medicine and surgery to the
Physiotherapy management of the same in situation of dysfunction.
Page 38
Course Objective:
At the end of the course the students should be able to
(i)
Evaluate and identify the problems related to General Medical / surgical dysfunction
(ii)
Set treatment goals and apply treatment skills to restore function.
I)
Review of Pathological changes and principles of the treatment by Physiotherapy of
a) Inflammation – acute, chronic and appurative.
b) Oedema Traumatic, Obstructive Paralytic Oedema due to poor muscle and laxity
of the fascia.
II) Arthritis and Allied conditions [in details] : Physiotherapy Management of :
a) Osteo-arthritis – Generalised, Degenerative and traumatic, Spondylosis.
b) Rheumatoid Arthritis, Still’s disease. Infective Arthritis.
c) Spondilitis Ankylosing Spondylitis.
d) Non-Articular Rheumatism-Fibrositis, Myalgia, bursitis.
III) Common Conditions of skin:
Acne, Psoriasis, Alopecia, Lucoderma
IV) Common Vascular diseases:
Thrombosis, Embolism, Berger’s disease, Arteriosclerosis. Thrombophlebities, Phlebitis,
Gangrene, hypertension.
V) Deficiency Diseases: Rickets, nutritional disorders.
VI) Physiotherapy in Psychiatry : How do you handle a patient.
1. Review of Basic Cardi-Respiratory Anatomy and Physiology.
2. Symptomatology of Cardio-Respiratory disorders Investigations, Diagnosis, Differential
diagnosis and Prognosis.
3. Clinical examination of respiratory system Disorders.
4. Principles and Techniques of Physiotherapy in diseases of Respiratory system – postural
drainage, Breathing Exercise, PNF-Respiration.
5. Physiotherapy assessment and management techniques in the following. Bronchitis,
Asthma, Bronchiactesis, Pulmonary embolism, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Emphysema,
Pleurisy and empyema, Atelectesis, Pneumothorax, Bronchopulmonary Fistula and other
restrictive lung diseases.
6. Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Definition, Aims & Objective Patho – Physiology of the
disease Techniques of Rehabilitation including Biofeed – back.
7. Clinical Examination of Cardio-Vascular System Disorders Principles & techniques of
Physiotherapy in Cardio-Vascular Diseases.
8. Physiotherapy Assessment and Techniques of Management in the following
cardiovascular disease. Congestive heart failure, Myocardial infraction, Endocarditic,
Valvular diseases of heart, Congenital Vascular diseases, PDA, Hypertension, thrombosis,
phlebitis and phlebothrombosis, Burger’s disease, Varicose veins and ulcers, paediatric
problems
03. PHYSIOTHERAPY IN GENERAL SURGERY INCLUDING CARDIOTHORACIC
CONDITIONS
Courses Description
Page 39
This source serves to integrate the knowledge gained by clinical medicine and surgery to the
Physiotherapy management of the same in situations of dysfunction.
Course Objective:
At the end of the course the students should be able to
(i)
evaluate the identify the problems related to General Medical / Surgical dysfunction
and
(ii)
Set treatment goals and apply treatment skills to restore function.
a) Physiotherapy management of complications common to all operations: Pre and post
operative physiotherapy.
b) Management of: Wound, Local infections, Ulcers, Surgical procedures related to
peripheral Vascular disease.
c) Burns : Degree of burns, Skin grafts.
d) General Abdominal Surgery and
1. Abdominal incisions : its pre and post Operative Physiotherapy.
2. Operations on stomach : intestines : Appendectomy, spleenectomy,
Cholecystecomy
3. Operation on abdominal wall, Hernia.
4. Operaions of Genito – Urinary system: prostatectomy, Nephroctomy.
e) Obstetric and Gynaecology.
1. Prolapsed rectum
2. Antenatal and post natal training
3. Complications of Pregnancy
4. Weak abdominal and Pelvic floor muscles
5. Stress incontinence
6. Prolapsed Uterus
7. Special points related to Pelvic Surgery
8. Pelvic inflammatory conditions.
9. Surgery of the Breast Radical mastectomy, Physiotherapy related to above
conditions.
f) ENT:
Ear, Nose and Throat Conditions Otitis – media, Sinuses, Disomotor Rhinorrhoea
Adenoids Tonsilitis, Physiotherapy related at above conditions.
g) Pre and Post Operative Physiotherapy related to Plastic Surgery conditions.
Tendon transfers in Leprosy, Polio-PT management.
h) Physiotherapy in Cancer – pain management, post operative care.
1. Cardio-Thoracic surgery : Incision, Types, Indications and Contra indications.
2. Pre and Post Operative Evaluation : Principles and Techniques of Physiotherapy
management of heart and vascular surgery.
3. Evaluation, Principles and Techniques of Physiotherapy Management in traumatic
and Surgical conditions of Chest, Lung, Pleura and Mediastinum.
4. Principles of Chest Physiotherapy in ICU and ICCU along with effect of
Anesthesia on Cardio – Respiratory System. Knowledge of Equipments in CPU,
ICCU, ICU – is a must
5. Pre & Post Operative Physiotherapy assessment and management in the following
conditions:-
Page 40
Lobetomy, Pneumonectomy, Decortications, Thoracoplasty, Bronchopulmonary
fistula.
- Valvotomy and Valve Replacement
- Surgery on Pericardium
- Open Heart Surgery and Heart Transplant
- Congenital Abnormalities of Heart.
- Peripheral Vascular Disorders
6. Cardiac Rehabilitation and Pulmonary Rehabilitation:
Definition
Aims & Objectives
Patho – Physiology of diseases
Physiotherapy Assessment
Principles of Rehabilitation
Practical:
Various physiotherapy modalities and treatment techniques for above mentioned surgical and
Medical conditions should be demonstrated and practiced by the student as well as clinical
exposure in the said area.
Books Recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cash’s Test Book of Chest Heart Vascular disorders for Physiotherapist
The Brampton Guide to chest physiotherapy DU Gasket [Completed]
Physiotherapy in Pediatrics – Shepherd
Elements of Pediatric Physiotherapy by Pamel M Eckersley
5. Essentials of Cardiac pulmonary physical Therapy by Hillegass an Sadowdky
6. Cardiac pulmonary Symptoms in physical Therapy Practice Cohen and Michel
7. Chest Physiotherapy in Intensive Care Unit By Mackenzie
8. Cash’s Test book of General Medicine and Surgical conditions for Physiotherapists.
9. Physiotherapy in Psychiatry
10. Physical Therapy for the Cancer patient by M.C. Garvey
11. Physiotherapy in Obstetrics and Gynecology by Polden.
04. PHYSIOTHERAPY IN NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY
Course Description
This course services to integrate the knowledge gained by the student in Neurology with the skills
gained in Exercise therapy and advanced treatment skills thus enabling them to apply theses in
clinical situations of dysfunction due to pathology in the Nervous system.
Theory
1. Review of basic neuro–anatomy and physiology.
2. symptomatology of Neurological disorders, Role of investigations in different
diagnosis.
3. Clinical examination of CNS function including Cranial nerves.
Page 41
4. Development Disorders of CNS Early detection of Brain damaged child, Risk babies.
Neuro- Paediatric examination.
5. Development programs and delayed milestones. Neuro developmental screening test.
Minimum Brain Damage Sensory – Motor, Functional Psycho-social behaviours of a
child. Perception development and Training.
6. Neuro – developmental approaches [like Bobath technique, Rood’s approach, vojta
technique, Biofeed – back] Primitive patterns and abnormal motor behavior due to
brain damage, its control and training with reference to gait and hand function.
7. Assessment and Treatment techniques in Stroke, Meningitis, Encephalitis, Parkinson’s
disease, CP, Cerebral Ataxia, Friedriech’s Ataxia etc. Head injury, Brain tumors
8. Assessment and Treatment of spinal cord lesions, such as motor neuron disease
disseminated sclerosis, transverse Myelitis, Spinal tumors, Poliomyelitis,
Syrengomyelia, spinal cord injury and sub acute combined degeneration of spinal cord
9. Assessment and Treatment Neuropathies and Nerve Injuries.
10. Assessment and Treatment of myopathies
11. Pre post surgical Assessment and Treatment in Neuro –Surgery
12. Electro – diagnostic procedures and prognosis in Neurological disorders [SD Curves ,
EMG & NCV studies]
Practical:
Various physiotherapeutic treatment techniques for the above mentioned conditions are to be
demonstrated followed by practice by the students, accompanied by clinical training in the said
area.
Books Recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.
05.
Key issue in Neurological physiotherapy by Ada/Canning
Elements of paediatric physiotherapy by Eckersly
Steps to follow – Davies
Patrica A Downie, Cash’s Textbook of Neurology for physiotherapists, JP Bros,
Medical publishers, Bangalore, Ist Indian Ed 1993 Rs. 250/-
COMMUNITY BASED REHABILITION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Introduction to Community Based Rehabilitation [CBR]
Definitions of Impairment, Disability, Rehabilitation.
Disability Surveys – Epidemiological aspects, screening for disabilities and
developmental disorders, disability evaluation.
Disability presentation and Rehabilitation services
Present Rehabilitation services
Home exercise programme packets in various physiotherapy conditions, and
parental education programmes.
Paediatric disorders screening including mental retardation
Vocational evaluation and goals for the disabled.
Contribution of social worker to rehabilitation.
Rural rehabilitation in corporate with Primary Health Centers.
Extension services and mobile units.
Community awareness and participation in preventive aspects and demands on
physiotherapy services.
National District Level rehabilitation programme.
Page 42
Field Visits: [A report is to be submitted at the end of each field visit]
1. Visit to different National / Regional Rehabilitation Centers.
2. Visit to different Health Institutions.
Text Books Recommended
1.
O Young, physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Secrets, JP Bros, Medical Publishers,
Bangalore, 1st Indian Ed 1997 Rs. 250/Amputations and prosthetics : A case study Approach JP Bros, Medical Publishers,
Bangalore, May 1st Indian Ed 1997 Rs. 250/Physical Diagnostic Secrets JP Bros, Medical Publishers, Bangalore, Mangione 1 st Ed
1997, 1st Indian Ed 1998 Rs. 250/-
2.
3.
06.
ALLIED THERAPEUTICS
Course Description :
This course enables the students to understand about basic principles of physical education
and applications in health, physical fitness and scientific Yogasanas. Sports training , Mechanism
of Sports injuries and their management in physiotherapy are also studied.
Section - I
Physical fitness :
Concept of Health and Physical Fitness
Assessment Cardio – respiratory functions
Assessment of Co – ordination, Speed, Accuracy of performance Reflected time.
Principles of Diet and exercise prescription.
Body dimensions and Measurement techniques.
Training of Physical performance and Skills.
Diet and Nutrition – Basic Principles.
Stress and Day – to – day Stress Management.
[lecturer demonstration in Alternate Medicine only]
Alternate Medicine
1.
2.
3.
4.
Acupuncture : Definition, Principles, Techniques, Physiological effects,
therapeutic effects, Indications, contraindication and dangers.
Introduction to Naturotherapy.
Magnetotherapy.
Yogasanas and their scientific studies.
Section – II
1.
Sports Medicine
a) Evaluation of Sports.
b) Evaluation of Physical, Cardio – respiratory, Psycho-social and emotional aspects
of sports.
Page 43
2.
Sports and Sports Injuries
a. Introduction.
b. Frequency and site of injury.
C. Aetiological Factors.
d. Investigation in sports injury.
e. Diagnosis and prognosis.
3.
Sports Injuries Management
a. Principles of sports injuries management and effects of fatigue on play
Pharmacology in Sports
Rehabilitation in Sports
4.
5.
Text Books Recommended :
1. Modern Principles of Athletic Training by Corl, E. Klafs and Daniel D Arnheim.
2. Sports Injuries : Diagnosis and Management for Physiotherapist.
3. The Children Sports Injuries by David Kennedy.
4. Dynamics of Clinical Rehabilitative Exercise by Order.
5. Basic Athletic Training by Cramer.
6. Anatomy and physiology of Yogic Practice.
- by MM Gone
7. Yoga Stretching and Relaxation for Sports Men - by Cpt. M Rajan.
8. Principles and History f Physical Education.
- by M L Kamalesh and MS Sungral
9. Physical Education and Athletics
- by Anthony A Annabino.
07.
STATISTICS AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction to Biostatistics .
Measure of central value of Median, Mode, Mean.
Measure of Variability – Range , Semi inter – Quartile Range (S.I.Q.R.) standard
deviation.
4.
Variance coefficient of variation.
5.
Finding Percentile Norms Percentile bank by interpolation in commulative
distributions.
6.
Covelation product moment coefficent of coverlliation difference corvelation.
7.
Reliability and significance standard error of mean and its interpretation, reliability of
difference between means.
8.
Testing Hypotheses, T & F Tests.
9.
Computation of Chi squate from contingents table and its interpretation.
10.
Introduction to research Methdology.
11.
Role of Research in Physiotherapy
12.
Principles of Conducting Research
ADefining a Problem.
BReview of Literature.
CFormation of Hypothesis.
DTesting Hypothesis.
EAnalysing & Reporting.
1.
2.
3.
13.
ABCDE-
Concepts of Measurement.
Types of data.
Tabulator of data.
Graphic representation of data.
Measure of dispersion standard error and standard deviation.
Sampling and sampling Technique.
Page 44
14.
Statistical tests, X2 Tests, Concept of Z, S.E. of proportion.
Page 45