2013 US History Final Exam Review Study Guide
1) How did trusts drive small companies out of business? (8.1)
a. The larger trusts lowered prices so smaller business could not compete and therefore
close.
2) Compare Populists and Progressives. (8.2)
a. Feared concentration of power in the hands of the wealthy few
3) What is Ida B. Wells remembered for? (8.2)
a. Witnessed the lynching of three African Americans, started anti-lynching campaign
4) Describe the important political reforms of the Progressives. (8.3)
a. Direct election of Senators
5) List Theodore Roosevelt’s achievements as the first Progressive President. (9.1)
a. Meat Inspection Act, Established U.S. Forest Service
6) Explain the relationship between J.P. Morgan and Teddy Roosevelt. (9.1)
a. One of the wealthiest men in America; helped finance the Northern Securities Company,
Roosevelt broke up the Northern Securities Company.
7) How were businesses protected from foreign competition before Woodrow Wilson? (9.2)
a. High Tariffs were placed on foreign goods
8) Who founded the Bull Moose Party? (9.2)
a. Theodore Roosevelt
9) How did Woodrow Wilson win the election of 1912? (9.2)
a. Because the Republican vote was split
10) How was Theodore Roosevelt disillusioned with Howard Taft? (9.2)
a. Taft did not exert strong public leadership
11) What did Socialists believe about the working conditions of factories? (9.3)
a. It was the capitalist system of government that forced owners to require workers to risk
their lives.
12) Why did some unions call for immigration restrictions? (9.3)
a. They hoped a reduction of the number of people looking for work would raise wages
13) What were the primary fears of nativists? (9.3)
a. Immigrants would undermine economic system, challenge Protestantism, undermine
government of the United States
14) Compare/Contrast the ideas of Booker T. Washington with W.E.B. DuBois. (9.3)
a. Washington did not directly challenge white social and political domination. WEB
DuBois publicly challenged white social and economic domination.
15) How did American investments damage the fragile economies of Central America? (10.1)
a. Most of their resources had to be used to pack back money to American investors
16) What was the main reason to support American Imperialism overseas? (10.1)
a. The prospect of new commercial markets
17) Who was John Hay and what was his economic plan for China? (10.1)
a. Secretary of State who created the open door policy
18) What caused US and German relations to break down in 1915? (10.2)
a. German submarines attacked the Lusitania.
19) Why did Russia defend the nationalists accused of the assassinating Archduke Franz
Ferdinand? (10.2)
a. Russia hoped to gain independence from Austria-Hungary
20) Why did the United States intervene in Mexico? (10.2)
a. It was U.S. response to raids by Pancho Villa in New Mexico
21) Why did American businesses cooperate with the WWI war effort? (10.3)
a. New opportunities for growth, larger corporate profits, and patriotism
22) Define Propaganda. (10.3)
a. Public information in the form of flyers, posters, and speeches intended to unite
Americans in the war effort.
23) What did AFL leader Samuel Gompers hope to gain by supporting the WWI war effort?
(10.3)
a. The right to organize and bargain collectively
24) Why did some Senators oppose the League of Nations? (10.4)
a. Senators felt that it would cause the United States to become involved in the affairs of
other nations.
25) How did the Sacco and Vanzetti trial impact Americans? (11.1)
a. Created a few of immigrants whose ways were different, and fear of radical politics
26) Identify groups who contributed to the Red Scare. (11.1)
a. Business leaders and the press/media
27) Who was A. Mitchell Palmer and what is he most remembered for? (11.1)
a. Secretary of state who organized the Palmer raids of suspected communists
28) Who was Albert Fall and what is he most remembered for? (11.2)
a. first cabinet member to go to jail for taking bribes
29) Explain the philosophies of the FTC chairperson appointed by Calvin Coolidge during the
1920s. (11.2)
a. Encouraged trade associations and business mergers
30) Who was Charles G. Dawes and what was his economic plan? (11.2)
a. Banker who arranged for private bank loans to Germany to avert war
31) Explain the impact the auto industry had on other industries. (11.3)
a. Brought about the rise of new technology and mass production
32) Define Mass Production. (11.4)
a. Skilled jobs were broken down into their most basic operations
33) Why was Henry Ford known as a “traitor to his class”? (11.4)
a. For increasing workers wages
34) Why did some prominent writers and artists move to Europe in the 1920s? (12.2)
a. The felt American society did not value their work
35) Identify and describe new American heroes in the 1920s. (12.2)
a. Sports stars like Babe Ruth, Singers, musicians, and actors
36) Which group of people refused to obey prohibition? (12.3)
a. Middle Class citizens
37) Describe the ethnic/racial characteristics of people in power in the 1920s. (12.3)
a. Politics were dominated by White Protestant Males
38) Explain why Prohibition was difficult to enforce. (12.3)
a. Thousands of druggists sold alcohol using doctors prescriptions, US offered 18,7000
miles of coastline and boarders to smugglers
39) What do Fundamentalists believe? (12.3)
a. The bible tells the literal truth.
40) Identify the Scopes Trial and what it represented to Americans. (12.3)
a. The scopes trial represented a clash between religious beliefs and science in the 1920s
41) How did Herbert Hoover present himself in the 1928 election? (12.3)
a. Self-Made Iowa Farm-boy
42) Explain the connection between the stock market crash and the Great Depression. (13.1)
43) Before the stock market crash of 1929, what did many economists and politicians of the late
1920s believe about the new era the United States had entered? (13.1)
a. That everyone could be rich and poverty would no longer exist
44) Why was the stock market an attractive gamble for thousands of Americans during the late
1920s? (13.1)
a. The possibility of making a large profit seemed possible – difference in return on savings
compared to stick market.
45) How did many people view Herbert Hoover’s handling of the bonus army? (13.1)
a. Mean, and vicious
46) During the dust storms, why did many Great Plains farmers abandoned their farms and
head to California? (13.2)
a. Jobs in agriculture
47) What happened to the unemployment rate between 1929 and 1932? (13.2)
a. Rose from 25 percent to about 5 percent
48) List and describe the three “R’s” of the New Deal and explain their relationship. (14.1)
a. Relief – programs to boost unemployment, Recovery – insure positive circulation of
money, Reform – programs to make sure depression never happens again.
49) Who was Harry Hopkins and what program did he head? (14.1)
a. Headed the Federal Emergency Relief Organization
50) What impact did the Social Security Act have on Americans? (14.2)
a. Created Pension and survivors benefits for the elderly
51) What was one of Father Coughlin’s ideas that appealed to the American people? (14.2)
a. The wealth of the few should be redistributed
52) What happened to Union membership following the passage of the NIRA? (14.2)
a. Increased by about 1 million people
53) What did Dr. Townsend’s movement indicate too many Americans? (14.2)
a. The discontent of elderly during Roosevelt’s first term and the success of Dr. Townsend
social security movement.
54) Why did Huey P. Long never control the United States government as he had hoped? (14.2)
a. He was assassinated
55) Why did FDR request and pass the Second New Deal? (14.2)
a. Despite the success of the first New Deal, 10 million people remained unemployed in
1934 so FDR launched the second New Deal.