Level Biology Final Review questions Fall 2010
Name: ___________________________________ Period: _________
Date: _________
Taxonomy and Kingdoms
Animalia
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Fungi
Plantae
Protista
1.
____Animal & Plant
Linnaeus’s classification system only included two kingdoms. What were these kingdoms?
2.
_Eubacteria
An organism is prokaryotic and has peptidoglycan in its cell wall. To which kingdom
does it belong?
3.
__Protista______
does algae belong?
Many algae are photosynthetic, eukaryotic, unicellular, and live in freshwater. To which kingdom
4.
__Archaebacteria__
An organism is prokaryotic and does not have peptidoglycan in its cell wall. It lives in very
extreme environment such as a deep sea vent in the Gulf of Mexico. To which kingdom does it belong?
5.
_Animalia______________ All members of this kingdom are eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, and do not have a cell
wall. They are all mobile during some point in their life cycle. This describes which kingdom?
6.
___Eubacteria______
Which two kingdoms have organisms that only have prokaryotic cells?
_Archeabacteria___
7.
_Plantea__________
8.
_Eubacteria_____
Which kingdom has organisms that have a cell wall made of cellulose?
Which two kingdoms have organisms that are decomposers (recycle nutrients in ecosystems)
__Fungi__________
9.
__Eubacteria & Archeabacteria
Members of these two kingdoms have cells that do not have a nucleus or other
membrane bound organelles.
10. _Archeabacteria_______
Members of this kingdom live in very extreme environments
11. _Protista______
Which three kingdoms have organisms that can cause human disease (parasites)
_Fungi__________
_Eubacteria______
12. __Plantea________
Which kingdoms have eukaryotic cells and are autotrophic (photosynthetic) organisms
__Protista______
13. Why is a mushroom considered a heterotroph? _____Because is decomposes material to consume its food.
14. Which two Kingdoms are prokaryotic? Why?
Eubacteria and Archeabacteria- because they are single celled organisms with no membrane bound organelles or a Nucleus
15. Which Kingdoms are Eukaryotic? Why?
Multicellular and have membrane bound organelles and a Nucleus
16. List the 7 classification groups from largest to smallest?
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species
17. What is the two-part naming system and who developed this system?
Binomial Nomenclature , developed by Linneaus
18. Explain how to write the Scientific name for a species?
Genus First- Capitalized; Species second lower case; all in italics
19. What is Taxonomy?
The classification of living organisms
20. What naming charateristics do two closely relates species share?
The more classifications they have in order, the more closely related they are to each other
21. What is an Autotroph?
Makes it’s own food to get energy- Plants
22. What is a Heterotroph?
Has to consume food to get energy- everything else
23. What is Phototrophism?
Why plants grow towards light
24. What is Thigmotrophism?
Why plants wrap themselves around branches and things- response to touch.
25. What is a Dichotomous Key? (you will have to work a dichotomous key on the test)
How you can organize and classify items.
ECOLOGY: Chapters 3, 4, 5, & 6
26. Define the following terms:
a. primary consumer – eat plants; herbivores
b. secondary consumer- eat animals; carnivores
c. producer – plants; autotrophs
d. decomposer – bacteria & fungi that recycle wastes & dead plant material in ecosystems
27. List the following terms in order as energy flows through an ecosystem, starting with the sun: DECOMPOSER,
PRIMARY CONSUMER, PRODUCER, SECONDARY CONSUMER.
SUN  PRODUCER  PRIMARY CONSUMER  SECONDARY CONSUMER  DECOMPOSER –
works on all levels
Directions: Use Figure 1 to answer the next 8 questions.
28. The diagram to the right is a ( food chain / food web ).
COYOTES
BOBCATS
29. The autotrophs are the: plants
30. The heterotrophs include: insects, peccaries, rabbits,
coyotes, & bobcats
31. The producers are the: plants
INSECTS
PECCARIES
PLANTS
32. The primary consumers are the: insects & rabbits
Figure 1
RABBITS
33. The omnivores are the: peccaries
34. The carnivores are the: coyotes and bobcats
35. Give an example of a predator-prey relationship from the diagram above. Peccaries eat rabbits, bobcats eat
peccaries, coyotes eat pecarries, pecarries eat insects
36. What is the 10% rule? What happens to the remaining 90% of energy? Only 10 percent of the energy is
transferred from one trophic level to the next. The remaining 90% is used in cellular processes,
reproduction, capturing food, or given off as heat.
Directions: Use Figure 2 to answer the next 5 questions.
37. Which trophic level contains autotrophic organisms? Level 1
38. Which trophic level contains herbivores? Level 2
Level 3
39. Which trophic level contains omnivores and/or carnivores? Level 3
Level 2
40. Which trophic level contains the most available energy? Level 1
41. If Level 1 contains 1,000 kcal of energy, how much energy will
Level 1
ultimately be transferred to Level 3? 10 kcal
Figure 1
42. What is the relationship between matter and energy in ecosystems? Energy flows so that matter can cycle
43. Tapeworms rob their hosts of nutrients. The hosts do not benefit, and in fact, are harmed. This relationship is (
mutualism / commensalism / parasitism ).
44. Cowbirds stay near cows for feeding, since the herds attract great numbers of insects. The cows benefit by the
birds’ presence, because they are bit less by the insects. This relationship is ( mutualism / commensalism /
parasitism ).
45. Barnicles on the tail of a whale do not hurt or harm the whale. This relationship is ( mutualism / parasitism
commensalism / ).
46. In the carbon cycle, carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere is? Use by autotrophs in photosynthesis.
47. What is responsible for carrying out most of nitrogen fixation in the nitrogen cycle? bacteria
48. List all of the processes involved in the water cycle. Condensation, precipitation, transpiration, evaporation,
percolation, ground water, surface run off
49. What is biodiversity? The sum total of all of the different species in an ecosystem
50. Competition (increases / decreases ) as the population numbers increases.
51. Draw a graph that illustrates the concept of carrying capacity.
52. Sketch a diagram that illustrates the concept of ecological succession.
Cells and Transport
53. Describe a virus: What is it? What is its structure? What does it need to do to survive?
A non-living particle made of genetic material surrounded by protein. It needs to invade a living organism in order to
replicate itself. It is a parasite.
54. Robert Hooke was a scientist that first described what? Discovered and named cells
55. What is the cell theory?
a. All organisms are made up of one or more cells.
b. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function.
c. New Cells arise from existing cells.
56. What were the contributions of the following:
a. Theodor Schwann_Found that all animals are made up of cells.
b. Rudolph Virchow Found that existing cells produce new cells.
c. Matthias Schleiden Found that all plants are made up of cells/
57. What types of cells contain a membrane bound nucleus? Eukaryotes
Give examples of these types of cells Animal cells, Plant cells. Human cells.
58. Define the function of the following
a. Cell wall (which organisms have it?) Plants and Bacteria, Protective, rigid wall around cell on the outer side of the
cell membrane.
b. Cell membrane ( which organisms have it?) Plants and Animal cells. Separates cell from environment and allows
certain products in and out of cell.
c. Mitochondia Organelle that makes energy for the cell by breaking down glucose.
d. Chloroplasts Organelle that uses the suns energy to make energy that the plant can use.
e. Eukaryote Cells that have a membrane bound nucleus.
f. Prokaryote More primitive like type cells that do not have a membrane bound nucleus.
59. Look at a diagram of a plant cell and an animal cell. Identify the structures in each. Know which is animal and which is
plant.
60. What is the purpose of the proteins imbedded in a cell membrane? To assist molecules through the cell membrane that can
not go through with simple diffusion.
61. Define Diffusion: Random movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
62. Is Diffusion active or passive? Passive
63. Define facilitated diffusion Diffusion of certain particles through transport proteins imbedded in the cell membrane.
64. Define and be able to identify a diagram of endocytosis Active transport that takes bulk material into a cell.
65. Define and be able to identify a diagram of exocytosis Active transport that forces materials in bulk our of the cell.
66. What is a hypotonic solution and what happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution? The solution has a lower concentration of
solutes and a higher concentration of water outside of the cell.
67. What is a hypertonic solution and what happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution? The solution has a higher concentration of
solutes (for example salt) and a lower concentration of water outside of the cell.
68. What is necessary for photosynthesis to occur? Sunlight, carbon dioxide and water.
69. What is the main purpose of cellular respiration? To produce energy for the organism.
70. What are the reactants for photosynthsis? Light energy, water, carbon dioxide.
71. What are the reactants for cellular respiration? Oxygen, glucose
72. What are the products for each of the above?
a. Cellular respiration products: Carbon dioxide, water, and 36 ATP from one glucose molecule.
b. Photosynthesis products: Carbon dioxide and oxygen.
73. The breakdown of one Glucose molecule can produce how much ATP? 36
74. Complete the chart
Phase
G1 Phase
Explain what occurs
Cellular Growth
S Phase
Interphase
DNA replication
G2 Phase
Preparation for mitosis (cell produces all
remaining organelles need for mitosis)
Mitosis
1.
M Phase
Prophase: Chromosomes become visible,
spindle forms and attaches to centrioles,
nuclear membrane breaks down. (46
chromosomes)
P = preparation
2. Metaphase: centromeres attach to spindle
fibers and chromosomes line up along the
center of the cell. (46 chromosomes)
M = move to middle
3. Anaphase: sister chromatids split into
individual chromosomes and move apart and
away from each other. (92 chromosomes)
A = Apart & Away
4. Telophase: chromosomes begin to uncoil and
the nuclear membrane reforms around each
new set of chromosomes. (92 chromosomes)
Cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm
End of cell division
75. Match the phase of mitosis to the event occurring during that phase.
Prophase
Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Telophase__Chromosomes are at opposite ends of the cell; spindle
begins to break apart; nuclear membrane reforms
Prophase___Chromosomes become thick and visible; nucleolus
disappears; nuclear membrane disintegrates.
Anaphase___Sister chromatids are pulled toward opposite ends of the cell
as the spindle fibers shorten.
Metaphase__Shortest phase in which chromosomes line up across the
center of the cell.
76. Draw the stages of Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
77. Cell division is completed when the cytoplasm pinches in half to produce 2 new daughter cells,
this is called?
Prophase
Cytokinesis
Anaphase
Telephase
78. A parent cell contains __46__Metaphase
chromosomes; and each daughter cell will
contain ___46__
chromosomes from mitosis.
79. ___________________ is used to replace cells damaged by a wound or cut.
80. What is DNA composed of and describe its structure?
Nucleotides which are composed of a sugar(deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogen
base. It structure is a double helix which looks like a ladder (phosphate and sugar are the sides
and nitrogen bases are the steps)
81. Name the 4 nitrogen bases of DNA.
Adenine, Guanine, Cystosine, Thymine
82. What makes up the backbone of DNA?
Phosphate group and sugar
83. What is Chargaff’s base pairing rule?
A=T and C=G
84. What would the complementary strand of 3’ATG CTT 5’ look like?
5’ TAC GAA 3’
85. What is the result of DNA replication?
Each original strand of DNA will now have a complimentary strand of DNA
86. What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
Phosphate group, Sugar (deoxyribose), Nitrogen base
87. A sex cell is referred to as a _gamete__.
88. Why do sex cells have 23 chromosomes?
Sex cells have 23 chromosomes because a male gamete will combine with a female gamete to
produce a cell with 46 chromosomes.
89. Explain the process that produces gametes.
Meiosis is the process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell (46) is
split to 23 chromosomes through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
90. Compare and contrast a Haploid and Diploid cell.
Haploid cell: contains only a single set of chromosomes (n=23 chromosomes in humans)
Diploid: a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes (2n= 46
chromosomes in humans)
91. What occurs in the cells when cancer forms?
Cells don’t respond to the signals that regulate the growth of most cells
92. Define non-disjunction and give an example of a resulting disorder.
An error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate. Ex: Down Syndrome
93. _Crossing-over_ is the process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their
chromatids during meosis.
94. Draw and Explain Binary Fission in bacteria cells.
95. Compare and contrast a Prokaryote and Eukaryote.
Prokaryotic: unicellular, no nucleus
Eukaryotic: multi-cellular, has a nucleus