Glenda B. Claborne
LIS 536/Fall 2004
1
The Structure of Evolutionary Theory
By Stephen Jay Gould
[Note: This is an index of the first chapter of Gould’s book. This first chapter is a comprehensive overview
of the whole book so in a sense this index represents most of the concepts contained in the book.]
INDEX
Agassiz 51, 64
Agency
See also Punctuated equilibrium.
as the first leg or branch of evolutionary theory 14,
20-21, 54
in a textual analysis of the Origin 59-60
in explicating originality in Gould’s theory 49
Allegiance to a theory
criteria of continuity vs. criteria of content 8-10
Architectural metaphors. See under Duomo of Milan.
Argentine ant. See under Gould.
Bateson, William
Materials for the Study of Variation 67
Bermudian pulmonate snail. See under Gould.
Buckland, William 45
Cain’s story, reference to 9
Cardinal Newman
Apologia Pro Vita Sua 37
Catastrophic mass extinction 50
as a major force in macroevolution 88-89
catastrophists 45
K-T event 26, 45, 88
threat to uniformitarianism and
extrapolationism 26, 87-88
Channels and saltations
in post-Darwinian formalism 66-70
orthogenesis 66-67
Chopping planes metaphor. See under Scilla’s coral.
Collaboration
role in solving conceptual problems 27-28
between biologists and philosophers 28-29
Concepts in the growth of theory 26
Conceptual linkages 7
Contingency
definition 46
science of 47
Constraint
historical 49
internal 49
positive and negative meanings 80-84
structural 49
Creationist formulations
Agassiz vs Paley 51, 64
Cuvier, George 57, 64, 65, 69
See also Functionalism.
debate of 1830 with Geoffroy 65
Darwin, Charles
debate with Falconer on fossil elephants 51
egalitarian approach 1
failure with single-level version of agency 36
famous line, “one long argument” 53, 59
favorite organism, 67
“framework” vs. Falconer’s “foundation” 2-3
letter to Falconer 2
opinion on Vox populi in science 1
Origin of Species 1, 12, 19, 58
exegesis of 58-61
centennial celebrations 70
struggles with levels of selection 50
Variation of Animal and Plants Under
Domestication, The 66
Darwinian theory
as an entity with “anatomical form” 6
central logic, three fundamental principles
agency 14, 20-21, 54, 59
efficacy 14, 21, 54, 59
scope 15, 21, 54, 59
classical Darwinism
vs proposed reformulations 31
critiques of 23, 55
pictorial form
tripod 15
tree of life 15, 54
coral of life 16
revisions to central logic
metaphorical cuts. (see under Scilla’s coral)
proposed modern revisions 30-31
thesis 23
De Vries, Hugo 36, 57
intracellular pangenesis, theory of 68
evening primrose (Oenothera lamarckiana) 68
saltational theory of evolution 67
species selection
Duomo of Milan
as architectural metaphor for theory 2-6, 13,
19, 24
history of construction 3-5
in Falconer’s statement 2
pinnacles Fig. 1-2, 5
West façade Fig. 1-1, 4
Ecclesiastes 3:1-7, dichotomies 24
Efficacy
See also Natural selection.
as the second leg or branch of evolutionary theory
14, 20-21, 54
Glenda B. Claborne
LIS 536/Fall 2004
in a textual analysis of the Origin 59-60
in explicating originality in Gould’s theory 49
Eimer, Thomas 68
Eldredge, Niles 27, 37, 38, 39, 41, 49, 78
See also Punctuated equilibrium.
Eliot, George
Daniel Deronda 40
Empirics in the growth of theory 25-26
Essence
idea of 10-11
of Darwinian logic, defined 12
Evening primrose. See under De Vries.
Evo-devo 52, 64, 81
Exaptation 23, 43, 49, 86-87
Exaptive pools 49
Extrapolationism 26, 27, 44, 59
Falconer, Hugh
debate with Darwin on fossil elephants 51
“foundation” vs Darwin’s “framework” 2-3
statement on Darwin’s Origin 2
Fisher, R. A. 57
Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, The 70
Formalist explanations of evolution
internalist
structuralist (see Agassiz;Geoffroy; Goethe.)
Functionalist explanations of evolution
Adaptationist (see Paley; Darwin; Fisher.)
externalist. (see Cuvier).
Functional shift. See Principle of cooptation.
Galton, Francis
Galton’s Polyhedron 39, 66
Geiger, George 28
Geological stage, pattern and progress 68-69
Geoffroy, Etienne St. Hilaire 10
debate of 1830 with Cuvier 65
dorso-ventral inversion, theory of 65
vertebral groundplan 11, 82
Goethe 10, 11, 57, 64
leaf archetype, theory of 82
Goldilocks solution 7, 10-11, 19, 69
Goldschmidt, Richard
gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) 68
in Modern Synthesis 68
systemic mutation, theory of 68
Goodman, Nelson 28
Goodwin, Brian 85
Gould, Stephen Jay
allegiance to Darwin and Darwinism 9-10, 47
Antioch College 28, 41
collaborative works in paleobiology 27
empirical studies on
Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) 52
Bermudian pulmonate snail (Poecilozonites) 42
Gryphaea, case of neotony 52, 81
West Indian pulmonate snail (Cerion) 27, 44, 53, 81
essays in Natural History Magazine 34, 46
2
Ever Since Darwin 34
first publication 44
frustration with an unproductive middle 25
intellectual autobiography 37-48
interdisciplinary collaborations 27-29
Mismeasure of Man, The 37
Ontogeny and Phylogeny 25, 34, 35, 43, 56
personal bases and ontogeny of choices 33-48
Structure of Evolutionary Theory, The
abstracts of chapters 53-89
authorial singularities and inputs 54-58
logic and development of argument 54
originality of work 48-53
role of Darwin in the book 58
Gradualism in Darwin’s system 60, 77
Gypsy moth. See under Goldschmidt.
Hegel’s dialectics 23
Hierarchical selection, theory of 29
seeds of 61-64
Historical analysis in theory development 35-37
Historical continuity vs shared content 7-10
See also Hull.
History of ideas 7-9
Hoffman 55
Homology 52
Hooykaas, Reijer 27
Hox genes 26
Hubbard, Bonnie 28
Hull
conceptual linkages by historical continuity 7-11
Huxley, Thomas Henry 1, 2, 13
hippocampus debate with Owen 46
Hyatt, Alpheus 66
Hypothetical vs. Kantian imperatives 7
Ideological fealty 9-11
Jordan, Michael 28
Kantian dictum on concepts 26
Kauffman, Stuart 65
K-T event. See Catastrophic mass extinction.
Kummel, Bernie 44
Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste 23, 58
See also Pre-Darwininian theories.
theory contrasted with Darwin’s 62-64
Lankester, E. Ray 25
homoplasy as a category of homology 52, 82
Levels of selection and sorting 27, 50, 63
See also Selection.
Lewis, Ed
Hox genes in the development of Drosophilia 84
Lewontin, Dick 27, 39, 43
See also Spandrels.
Lloyd, Elizabeth 29
Lord Kelvin 69
Lyell 45, 61, 69, 88
See also Uniformitarianism.
Principles of Geology 62
Glenda B. Claborne
LIS 536/Fall 2004
Macroevolution
See also Catastrophic mass extinction.
definition 38 (footnote)
Mendelism 70
Metaphors for the structure of theory
See also Darwinian theory, pictorial form.
architectural. (see Duomo of Milan)
biological. (see Scilla’s coral)
literary. (see Shakespeare, William)
Microevolution
in Darwin’s theory 15, 21, 32-33
in Goldschmidt’s work 68
in Modern Synthesis 71
Mivart, St. George 85
Modern Synthesis 13, 23, 26, 38, 40, 46, 51, 68
as a limited consensus 70-71
Morphology
Fundamental issue 51
Natural selection
basic formulation 13
lateral force of adaptation 58
role in theory development 26
Nature magazine editorial on plate tectonics 27
Newell, Norman 44
Nietzche, Friedrich 52
Genealogy of Morals 85
Non-adaptive sequelae. See Spandrels.
See also De Vries, Hugo.
Organic growth of theories 25
Organismal struggle 59
Owen, Richard 10
as defender of formalism 65
hippocampus debate with Huxley 46
support for structuralist theories 46
Paley 51, 59-60, 64, 65
Pattern vs. pageant, general theory 47
Personal information in scientific works 34
Pre-Darwinian theories 23, 58, 64-66
Principle of cooptation 86
See also Exaptation.
Problem of diversity 50, 54
Punctuated equilibrium
as coordinating centerpiece 37
in defining agency in evolutionary theory 49
key empirical ingredients 75
role in theoretical development 26
validation of macroevolutionary theory 75-80
Punctuational models in nonbiological fields 79-80
Raup, Dave 27, 89
Rudwick, Martin 27
Sacks, Oliver 37, 39
Schneer, Cecil 28
Schopf, Tom 27
Scilla, Agostino 16
La vana speculazione disinganata dal senso 16
Frontispiece Fig. [1-3] 17
3
Scilla’s coral 16, Fig. [1-4] 18, 20
chopping planes metaphor 17- 22
K-cuts (killing cuts) 19-20
R-cuts (revision cuts) 19-22
S-cuts (subsidiary cuts) 19-22
Scope
See also Extrapolationism.
as the third leg or branch of evolutionary theory 14,
20-21, 54
in a textual analysis of the Origin 59-60
in explicating originality in Gould’s theory 50
Selection
gene (or subcellular) 63, 72
organismal 63, 72-75
replication vs interaction approaches 72
species 63, 72-75
vs drift 74-75
Sepkoski, Jack
Shakespeare, William
Ariel’s verse in The Tempest
Simberloff, Dan 27
Simpson, G. G.
The Meaning of Evolution 38
Smith, Adam 14, 29, 59-60
Spandrels 43, 52, 86-87
Species as individuals.
See also Punctuated equilibrium.
in the hierarchical theory of selection 71-75
Stanley, Steve 41
Stasis 26, 39, 41, 75-79
coordinated stasis 79
Structuralist alternatives
Geoffroy’s vertebra hypothesis 11, 82
Goethe’s theory of the archetypal leaf 46
Swift, Jonathan 53
Thompson, D’Arcy
Growth and Form 42
theory of form 52, 81, 84-85
Uniformitarianism 44
uniformitarians 45 (see also Lyell)
Van der Rohe, Ludwig Mies 2
Vrba, Elizabeth 27, 41, 43, 86
Wallace
1858 Ternate paper and Darwin 64
Weismann, August 36, 57
hierarchical model 50-51, 63
West Indian pulmonate snail. See under Gould.
Whitehead, A. N. 57
Whitman, Charles Otis 67
Williams and Dawkins 72
Woodruff, David 27
Wright, Sewall 71
Wright’s Rule 74
Zeitgeist
definition 29
role in theory development 29-32