PreAP Biology
Chapter 2
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What property(s) of water helps it to climb up a redwood tree?
What is the name of the chemical reaction that joins monomers?
What kind of carbohydrate is glucose?
What kinds of molecules dissolve in water?
What is an exergonic (exothermic) reaction?
What is it called when a molecule other than the substrate occupies the active site?
Rank from weakest to strongest the three different types of bonds.
Why is water a fluid at room temperature?
What molecule does AMP become when it undergoes a condensation reaction that adds a phosphate group to it?
What is the difference between an independent and dependent variable?
What kind of molecule are most enzymes?
What is the name of the polysaccharide found in plant cell walls?
What is the purpose of a control group?
Water attracted to other molecules of water is called ___________________
What is organic chemistry?
What is a polypeptide?
What is the name of the bond holding amino acids together?
What is the function of enzymes?
What is the name of the reaction that splits up polymers?
What is the monomer for a nucleic acid?
Where is the “useful” energy in an ATP molecule found?
What is allosteric inhibition?
What is the function of a coenzyme?
What are two ways you can measure enzymes effect on the rate of reaction?
What three elements are found in all organic macromolecules?
What causes surface tension?
Why are water molecules polar?
As the pH of a solution drops, what do you know about the H + concentration?
What is the active site?
Name two factors that can alter the rate of an enzymatic reaction.
What does the term hydrophilic mean?
What is a macromolecule?
What is primary structure in proteins?
When graphing, what goes on the Y axis?
What level of protein structure is a beta pleat?
What is the difference between ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonding?
What does it mean when a reaction is at equilibrium?
What types of bonds account for the secondary and tertiary structure of a protein?
Food has __________ energy, while muscle contraction involves _________ energy.
How does ATP help in reaction coupling?
Why can your cells break down starch but not cellulose?
What type of bond shares electrons unevenly?
Where are the positive charges and negative charges on water molecules?
What pH range are acids? Bases? Neutral?
How do you know just by looking at a name that something is an enzyme?
What is an independent variable?
Define Biology.
In which group of macromolecule are phosphates found?
In which group of macromolecules is nitrogen found?
What is the monomer for a protein?
PreAP Biology
Chapter 2
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Adhesion to the Xylem, and cohesion
Condensation Reaction (Dehydration synthesis)
Monosaccharide
Anything ionic or polar. (Nonpolar molecules do not dissolve in water.)
A reaction that gives off (generates) energy.
Competitive
Hydrogen, Ionic, Covalent
Because hydrogen bonds hold water molecules loosely together.
ADP
Independent-what you are changing in the experiment; dependent-what you are measuring
Proteins
Cellulose
Serves as a baseline for comparison
cohesion
The chemistry of carbon containing molecules.
A protein, or a polymer of many amino acids.
A peptide bond.
They lower activation energy, and thus speed metabolic reactions.
Hydrolysis reaction
Nucleotide
Between phosphate groups.
Enzyme inhibition where a molecule binds to a site other than the active site.
It “helps” the enzyme by delivering the substrate to it.
Measure substrates, measure products
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Cohesion (the result of hydrogen bonds)
Because charge is unevenly distributed between hydrogen and oxygen.
It is increasing.
Physical location on an enzyme where a substrates bind.
Temperature, pH, competitive inhibition, allosteric inhibition (may name any two)
Water-loving. Means it will dissolve in water.
A very large molecule made up of thousands of monomers.
simple sequence of amino acids.
Dependent variable with appropriate units
Secondary structure
Ionic-physical transfer of electrons between elements; Covalent-sharing of electrons between elements; Hydrogenbond of attraction between polar molecules
There is no net change in the amount of products and reactants.
Hydrogen & ionic
Potential, kinetic
When ATP hydrolyzes, the release of energy drives endergonic reactions
Cellulose will not fit into the active site of the enzyme while starch will
Polar covalent bonds
Positive Hydrogen, Negative oxygen
Acids 0-6.9, Neutral 7, Bases 7.1-14
ends in “ase”
What the scientist manipulates or changes
the study of life.
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Amino Acid