4201 Vocab for Wk. 15
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Legal Terms
Abstract
: Digest listing history of ownership of piece of property
Accessory
: Person involved in but not present at a crime
Accomplice
: Person involved in a crime with another
Affidavit
: Written statement made under oath
Appeal
: Higher court reviews lower court's decision in a case
Arraignment
: Court hearing in which accused informed of charges, bail, etc.
Bail Bond
: Security posted to secure release from custody
Bailiff
: Court attendant, sergeant-at-arms
Brief
: Document listing facts, law pertinent to court case
Certiorari
: Writ from higher court requesting lower court case records
Chancery
: Equity court or action as opposed to common law courts
Common Law
: Based on court decisions, tradition rather than statutes
Contempt
: Act harmful to authority, dignity, operations of a court
Continuance
: Postponement or adjournment of trial until a later date
Cross-examine
: To question a witness already questioned by opposite side
Demurrer
: Plea that even if charges are true, they do not constitute a crime
Deposition
: Statement made under oath by person unable to appear in court
Equity
: System of justice applied to circumstances not covered by law
Escrow
: Something held by 3rd party from contradicting previous testimony
Estoppel
: Restraining a person from contradicting previous testimony
Escheat
: Property goes to government when deceased has no inheritor
Executor
: Person named to carry out provision of a will
Extradition
: Surrender of fugitive by one state to another for prosecution
Felony
: Serious crimes punishable by death or imprisonment
Habeas Corpus
: Ordering detained person to court to review legality of restraint
Homicide
: Slaying or killing a human being
Indenture
: A deed or contract between two parties
Indictment
: True Bill by grand jury when sufficient evidence for trial exists
Injunction
: Court order commanding some action or cessation of an action
Inquest
: Inquiry held into cause of violent or suspicious death
Intestate
: Death in which deceased did not leave a will
Judgment
: Decision, orders or decrees resulting from court decisions
Joinder
: Uniting two or more persons or things in court action
Jurisdiction
: Extent of authority or control of a court
Lien
: Claim or charge on property for payment of a debt
Mandamus
: Order commanding public official to perform duties req by law
Manslaughter
: Homicides not considered murder or justifiable
Mayhem
: Malicious disfigurement or dismemberment of a person
Panel
: A list of jurors
Nolo Contendere
: Plea in which defendant will not contest the charge
Obiter Dictum
: Incidental or passing comment of judge during trial
Peace Bond
: Sum held and forfeit if person violates order to keep the peace
Peremptory Challenge : Challenge w/out cause (89?) excluding person from jury service
Plea
: A person's legal response to charge in court
Praecipe
: Order to court clerk requesting a writ be issued
Probate
: Proving settlement of estate of deceased person
Prohibition
: Higher court ordering lower court not to exceed its authority
Recognizance
: Arrested person released on his honor to appear when ordered
Replevin
: Action to recover possession of goods unlawfully taken or held
Reprieve
: Postponement of execution of a death sentence
Subpoena
: Order commanding person to appear and testify in court
Testate
: Death in which a person left a will
Tort
: Private wrong or injury not involving breach of contract
True Bill
: Indictment returned by a grand jury
Venue
: Locality from which jury is called and in which trial is held
Venire
: Jury panel summoned from which jury will be selected
Trustee
: Person holding title to property for benefit of another
Writ
: Mandatory orders issued by a court