Revision Intermediate Latin:
These are the main grammar topics we have covered through the year:
The basis for the grammar and vocabulary in the exam will be that
covered by the end of section 5 in Reading Latin. Go through vocabulary
also in any other unseens that I have given out.
1. Reported / indirect statement
After verbs of thinking or say when in English we add 'that' in Latin use the
accusative and infinitive construction
Common verbs which takes this construction:
affirmo
nego/dico
affirmo
confirmo
arbritor
puto
existimo
cogito
cognosco
scio/nescio
audio
intellego
sentio
comprehendo
lego
scribo
nuntio
n.b. remember fore = futurus esse
All subordinate clauses in indirect speech go into the subjunctive see
note 142 p. 294 in Reading Latin. This is simply a way of showing that the
clause belongs in the indirect quotation, the meaning is the same as the
indicative.
2. Reported Questions
See note 172 p. 386 in Reading Latin, plus handhouts that I have already
given out.
Look for the interrrogative/question 'trigger' word:
who/what qui quid
when quando
why cur
where ubi
how quomodo
from where unde
whethere utrum .... an / nec.... nec
of what kind qualis
how great quantus -a -um
how many quot
how often quoties
whither quo
An indirect question is a subordinate noun clause introduced by an
interrogative pronoun, adjective, adverb, or particle. Its verb is in the
subjunctive mood, the sequence being governed by the tense of the verb
on which it depends. Two 'periphrastic' subjunctives 'will' and 'would' are
formed by using the future participle with sim or essem in primary and
historic sequence respectively.
Volo scire quis sis.
I want to know who you are
Mihi dixit quid fecisset.
He told me what he had done.
Eum rogabo quid facturus sit.
I shall ask him what he will (is going to do).
Nescivi quando venturi essemus
I did not know when we would (were going) to come.
The construction is 'question word' i.e. quid + subj. The tense is the same
as the English.
Please do exercise 1 p.386 and exercise 3 p387.
Some further examples to translate:
1. Tibi impero ut mihi dicas quando pater tuus Romae futurus sit.
2. Puer magistro noluit monstrare ubi pecuniam celavisset.
3. Nemo scit utrum hoc fecerit necne.
4. Amicum rogavi quando domum rediturus esset.
5.Omnes sciunt quam fortis fuerit Caesar.
6. Meum librum perdidi. Servum roga num eum viderit.
Into Latin:
1.I know he did this, but I will never understand why he was so foolish.
2. Tell me when you will return home, my sister.
3. I wanted to find out what my father would bring me from Athens.
Indirect (Reported) order/command
Imposing will on someone = narro, peto etc + ut/ne + pres or imp. subj
But iubeo. veto + indicative + direct object. iubeo te librum legere
Purpose (result) clauses ut/ne + subj pres/imp and other ways of
expressing purpose
Result (consecutive) clauses: remember to look for the trigger word:
adeo, tam etc. ut/ut non + trigger word + subj. pres/imp. nb future =
-urus sim/essem
Time clauses + cum But ubi + indic.
Relative pronoun : generic + sub. = the kind of person who - any tense
but usually pres/imp; connnecting relative
Polite imperatives/Jusssive You should..... present
Ablative Absolute stand alone phrase often with noun participle
construction in ablative case
Participles remember deponent always active in meaning
gerunds/gerundives: remember gerunds are verbal nouns (with in
English an –ing ending) and gerundives are verbal adjectives declining like
bonus –a –um. If you see a gerundive looking form and it is in the plural it
has to be a gerundive as gerunds only exist in the singular. The gerundive
is used to express purpose.
verbs of fearing: ne/ut + subjunctive governed by the sequence of tenses
when a clause follows a verb of fearing. If there is no clause the fearing
verb will just take an infinitive. eg. timeo ire. See Reading Latin 162.
impersonal verbs: these only appear in the 3rd person singular but in any
tense and are active or passive if they control any other case than plain
accusative eg. parco + dat. SeeReading Latin 154 and 155.
Coursebooks:
P.V. Jones and K. Sidwell, Reading Latin (Cambridge 1986) (in two
volumes)
J. Morwood, Oxford Grammar of Classical Latin (Oxford 2001)