EVALUATION OF DEVELOPMENT SCHEME TITLED
"RESEARCH CENTRE FOR CONSERVATION OF SAHIWAL CATTLE"
An evaluation team visited the project “Research Centre for Conservation of Sahiwal Cattle
at Jhang on 15-16 May, 2008.
PROJECT INTRODUCTION
Sahiwal is one of the established milch breed of tropical & sub tropical region. It is
famous for resistant to ticks and other diseases, tolerant towards heat and has high
producing ability under harsh environment. Keeping in view of these properties,
animals of this breed have been imported by Australia, New Zealand, Kenya, China,
Bangladesh and many other parts of the world for keeping as pure and cross bred.
According to Punjab Livestock Census 2000, about 0.35 million heads of Sahiwal
cattle are available in the province, mainly concentrated districts are Jhang,
Muzaffargarh, Okara, Faisalabad, Sahiwal, Khanewal and Toba Tek Singh. The
purebred population is decreasing over the years due to' change in agriculture
system and crossbreeding. If this decline continues, the breed will reach to such a
low number that its genetic basis will be too narrow for any significant improvement.
In the past, genetic trend remained static because of high rate of inbreeding in govt.
herds/farm. This inbreeding can be avoided by broadening the base of recorded
population. Best way to conserve this breed is to be kept it commercially fit' under
existing circumstances. Traits of commercial value such as milk yield needs genetic
improvement. Increase in the milk & meat production by improving its production
potential will not only enhance the socio-economic conditions of our farming
community but it will also ensure food security in the province. Due to its
utmost importance and unique characteristics and in order to preserve the breed,
Research Centre for Conservation of Sahiwal Cattle (RCCSC) was established at
Jahangirabad (Khanewal) during 2003-04. The Head Quarter of RCCSC was
shifted to Jhang in 2005 which is centrally located district of the Punjab with the
objective to conserve the Sahiwal breed through genetic improvement and
management. Livestock Experiment Station, Jahangirabad district Khanewal
remained under the administrative control of this centre as a research station.
OBJECTIVES
Main objectives of the RCCSC are given below:
i.
Maintenance of Nucleus herds of superior germ plasm of Sahiwal
cattle.
ii.
Registration and documentation of institutional and private Sahiwal
cattle farms / herds.
iii.
Performance recording for genetic evaluation and herd management.
iv.
Identification of superior germ plasm.
v.
Publishing and dissemination of sire/cow summaries.
vi.
Conducting research on conservation and genetics.
vii.
Collaboration with national and international institutions involved in
breed development programmes.
INCENTIVES TO SAHIWAL BREEDERS
a)
FREE OF COST:
Vaccination

De-worming of calves

Artificial Insemination
b)
Purchase of calves out of elite cows at premium price
c)
Prizes to winners of milk and breed competition
d)
Free advice on Sahiwal cattle herd management.
Breeding plan
Breeding plan of development scheme titled “Research Centre for Conservation of
Sahiwal Cattle” (RCCSC) is as under:
BREEDING PLAN
Test Herd
10000 Heads of Sahiwal Cows
100 Bulls ready
for test mating
-------------------------------------------
Nucleus Herd
3000 Nucleus Herd
From 210
Female progeny
of proven bulls
sires and elite
dams (70 %
Fertility and 50
%Sex Ratio) will
be used as the
replacement of
herd
10 bulls culled
under Semen
Test 11 %
110 Bull
calves
Select top 60 % on the basis of
selection index (Growth 10 % + age at
maturity 20 % + weight at maturity 30
% + Development of sexual organs 40
%)
15 progeny
tested bulls
5 progeny
tested bull sires
Remaining 40% bull
calves will be sold to non
registered farmer of other
than the project area for
natural mating
183 Bull
calves
15 died @ 7 % of mortality + 12 culled
due to any physical abnormality in the
dams
Elite Herd
600 Cows
(20 % of the Nucleus
Herd on the basis of
positive B.V)
Male Progeny of proven bull sires and elite dams
with 70 % Fertility and 50 %Sex Ratio
210 Bull
calves
Map of RCCSC, Jhang
Chenab River
DETIAL OF SUB-CENTERS
Je hl am Ri ver
 JHANG
Ga rh Maha Raja
Ch ak 452/ J.B.
Ch ak 450/ J.B.
Rashid Pur
Ch ak 463/ J.B.
Dadooa na
Ch imranwali
6
3

4
23
River
Indu s
21
 OKARA
M
uz
af
fa
14 Rena la khurd
15 Okara
 MUZAFFA R GA RH
16 Ja toi
17 Al i Pur

 TOBA TEK SINGH
20
21
22
23
24
To ba
Pir Mahal
Go jra
Ck ak 429/ J.B.
Go jra M ore
20

8
9
d
ba
la
a
s
ai
F
10
19
al
18
hiw
 Sa
Rav i River
14
 Okara
15
11

12
16
 SAHIWAL
18 Hara pah
19 Noor Shah
13
Kh
an
ew
rG
ar
h
11 Ka cha Khoo
12 Jahania
13 Ka birw ala
al
 KHANEWAL
22
in
gh
1
24
T.
T.
S
5
 FAISALABAD
8 Sadha r
9 Khider wala
10 Kanjw ani
2
7
Jh
an
g
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
REFERENCES
N
Hea d Quarter
17
W
E
Distr ic ts
Sub-C enters
H ea d Pun jn ad
S
Res ea rch S ta tion
Ja ha ngirabad

ORGANIZATION CHART
Secretary Livestock & Dairy Development Department
Director General (Ext.) L&DD Depttt.
DIRECTOR
RO(GA) 1
ARO (GA) 1
RO(PR) 1
Man ager 1
ARO (PR) 1
VO (B) 4
Stock Recorder 2
V.O. (HQ) 1
Farm Superintendent 1
VO (B) 7
Stock Recorder 24
Lab . Technician 1
Computer Operator 4
Project Achievements up to 30.04.2008
LSO 1
Admn Officer 1
V.O 2
Veterinary Assistant 5
Office Suptd 1
Financial Achievements: (Rs. in Million)
Year
1
Phasing as per PC-I
1.552
Releases
1.807
Expenditure
1.551
2
9.552
9.552
8.786
3
46.919
44.823
32.828
4
14.415
28.619
28.497
5
15.377
15.377
9.798
Total
87.815
100.178
81.461
Item-wise planned & actual expenditure : (Rs. in Million)
PC-I Estimates
Actual Release and Expenditure
%age
Item
Total
Release
Expenditure
Employee Related Expenses
10.635
12.066
9.894
82.76
Purchase of Physical Assets
16.254
21.099
18.695
89.27
Repair & Maintenance
1.350
1.450
1.057
73.45
Operating Expenses
35.905
29.938
24.682
82.62
Total Revenue
64.144
64.553
54.327
84.27
Civil works
23.671
38.039
27.134
71.33
Total civil works
23.671
38.039
27.134
71.33
87.815
102.592
81.461
79.00
G. Total
Physical Achievements:
Civil Work Completed at RCCSC
Buildings
Area
Auditorium & Computer laboratory (5710 sft)
5710 sft
Field inspection office (1300 sft)
1300 sft
Residences BS-18-19 (2750 sft each)
2750 sft
Construction of garages(6x234)
234 sft
Boundary wall (4949 rft)
4949 rft
Water reservoir
10000 gallon
Turbine ½ cusec
½ cusec
Machinery and Equipment Purchased Under the Development
Scheme 2003-04 to 2007-08
Sr. No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Name of Items
Qty
Rs. in Million
Lap Top (P-IV)
Typewriter
One Duplicate Machine (Rios graph)
One Photostat Machine
Fax Machine Panasonic
Refrigerator.
Deep Freezer
A.I Kits and Equipments
Water Cooler
Tattooing Machine
Cold Branding Set
N2 Gas Containers (40-50 lit)
N2 Gas Containers (2-3 lit)
Cattle Crush
Balance 0-25 kg
Micro wave Oven PEL
Electric Garber Machine
Air Conditioner Window 2 ton
Split Air Conditioner 2 ton PEL
Split Air Conditioner 1.5 ton PEL
Air Electric Heater
Computer Pentium-IV/V (un-branded)
Computer UPS
Laser Printer HP
Laser Printer Color
Multimedia apparatus
Movie Camera
Still Camera
Television color 21”
Oil Tanker
Generator
Total
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
26
24
28
3
8
30
100
28
1
1
1
4
4
3
5
1
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
0.150
0.025
0.140
0.350
0.025
0.025
0.040
0.350
0.070
0.042
0.050
0.680
0.900
1.050
0.040
0.008
0.018
0.030
0.121
0.085
0.008
0.220
0.046
0.058
0.045
0.100
0.080
0.078
0.030
0.090
0.855
5.809
Vehicles Purchased under the Development Scheme During
2003-04 to 2007-08
Sr. No.
Name of Items
Qty
Rs. in Million
1
Single Cabin (Diesel Pickup, Regular Bed )
7
5.989
2
35 Motor Cycle (upto 100 CC)
35
1.984
3
1.077
Customization of 2 Single Cabin Pick up
3
x2 Surf Design Van and One x Double
Cabin
Total
9.050
RCCSC Project Evaluation Matrix
Quantitati
ve
Targets
13(440)
Achieve
ments
Objectively
Verifiable Indicators
26(445)
 Documentation in
hard and soft
copies.
 Verified on ground.
Registration
of Sahiwal
Cows
10000
10200
Performance
recording of
Sahiwal cows
8000
9415
 Branded /Tagged
animals
 Registered farmers
 Data in
computers/Register
s
 Registered farmers
 Data in computer/
registers.
Identification of
superior germ
plasm.
Evaluation of
Sahiwal herds
30
32
Publishing and
dissemination of
sire/cow
summaries
Research
publications
6
6
Vision
Mission
Objectives
Interventions
Create an
enabling
environment
for increasing
livestock
production,
promoting
private sector
investment in
breeding
pedigreed
animals and
employing
both as
vehicle for
social
security,
poverty
alleviation,
domestic
food security,
and rural
development
ultimately
leading to
Conservation
of Sahiwal
cattle breed
through
genetic
improvement
by making it
commercially
viable to cater
the domestic
and global
demand.
Maintenance of
nucleus herds of
superior germ
plasm of Sahiwal
cattle
Registration and
documentation of
institutional and
private Sahiwal
cattle
farms/herds.
Performance
recording for
genetic evaluation
and herd
management.
Identification
of Nucleus
Sahiwal herds
(Cows)
 Publications
 Discussion with
scientists.
 Computers
 Verified Published
mterial.
Impact
 Promotion of
private sector
 Value addition of
pedigreed
animals
 Raised market
value of animals.
 Satisfaction being
involved in
national breeding
programme
 Awareness about
the production
capacity.
 Helped in
Selection
decision making
 Assessed true
genetic worth.
 Re-breeding and
or culling.
 Information
available on
valuable animals.
Comm
ents
 Easy future
Breeding
decisions.
creation of
exportable
surplus.
Conducting
research on
conservation and
genetics
Collaboration
with national and
international
institutions
involoved in
breed
development
programmes.
Incentives to
registered
breeders/farmers
Research
trials
15
15
 Trials site visit
 Data verified
 Published material
Coordination
with other
Institutes
17
17
 Site visits
 Documents
 Discussion with
collaborating
scientists.
Sahiwal Cattle 23
Shows
22
 Participating
farmers.
 Documentaries.
 Newspapers
Vaccination
against HS
and FMD
(Sahiwal and
others)
De-worming
of Calves
144000
204965
 Registered farmers.
 Office record
19200
60647
 Benefiting farmers
 Office record
 Creation of new
information
 Helping ultimate
targets
 Shared
experiences of
each other
 Efficient
utilization of
resources
 Motivation for
Sahiwal breeding.
 Interaction
between farmers
and Govt.
Institutions.
 Opportunity for
problem
identification and
solutions.
 Disease control
 Economic impact
due to healthy
animals.
 Healthy animals.
 More growth
rate, more beef
and reducing
puberty age.
A. I. to
registered
cows
22000
20626
 AI born Calves
 Benefiting farmers
 Records in registers
Purchase of
Sahiwal bull
calves
395
271
 On ground
verification
 Office record
 Govt. Institutions
and registered
private nucleus
farms
Free Advice
on farming
1000
6845
 Registered farmers.
 Documentarie
 Guest speakers
 Improved breed.
 Timely free
access to AI at
door step.
 Economic impact
in next
generations.
 Economic benefit
due to Premium
price.
 Advertisement
 Sale value raised
 Semen of proven
bull, a value
added
technology:
future economic
benefit.
 Breed
improvement
 Establishment of
new farms
 Improved farm
management.
Findings
1.Identification of Nucleus Sahiwal Herds (Cows):
According to PC-1 target, 13 Government and Private Nucleus farms had to be
identified for future bull production. Seven government sector nucleus farms and 19
private sector nucleus farms have been identified.
2.Registration of Sahiwal Cows:
Registration target was 10000 cows which have been achieved. Before registration,
survey was done for the identification of Sahiwal cows in different herds and at
private farms in the project districts. After branding animals were registered.
3. Performance recording of Sahiwal cows:
Productive and reproductive performance of registered Sahiwal cows is recorded in
following different types of registers.
Branding Registers
Livestock Registers
Artificial Insemination and Birth record Registers
Milk record Registers
Milk production is recorded twice a day at monthly intervals in the field and at
weekly intervals at government farms. Date of calving, date of drying and date of
disposal are recorded for the calculation of other productive traits such as lactation
length, dry period, Calving interval and herd life. Target of performance recording
was 8000 cows, which have however, been achieved which is 9415 cows.
4. Evaluation of Sahiwal Herds:
All the registered herds including Government farms are evaluated every year
during September. Total target was 30 evaluations of government and private
Nucleus farms where as 32 genetic evaluations have been done so far. As a result,
young candidate bulls were purchased out elite cows. Results of evaluation have
been published in Annual Reports.
5. Research Trials:
PC-1 target was conduction of 15 research trials in different years. 15 research trials
were conducted. Summarized results have been published in Annual Reports.
6. Research publications:
For the introduction of the project one Urdu pamphlet one folder and one English
leaflet was published. Yearly progress of the project has been reported in the shape
of annual reports.
7. Sahiwal Cattle Shows:
Total target for the conduction Sahiwal cattle shows was 23 where as 22 cattle
shows has already been conducted during different years in seven districts at
different sub-centers up to evaluation date. Progress in detail about this activity has
been reported in Annual Reports.
8.Vaccination against HS and FMD:
Vaccination against Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS) and Foot and Mouth Disease
(FMD) was performed as incentive to Sahiwal Cattle breeders to all the standing
animals. PC-1 target during project gestation was fixed as vaccination against HS
and FMD to 144000 animals where as it was done to 204965 animals.
9. De-worming of Calves:
Deworming of calves out of registered cows was done as an incentive and the target
was 19200 animals which have been achieved many fold as it was done to 60647
animals.
10. A.I. to registered cows:
Artificial Insemination (A.I.) is the core activity of this project. Genetic
improvement depends on this technology. It is done free of cost to the registered
cows. PC-1 estimate was 22000 inseminations and 20626 inseminations have so far
been done.
11. Purchase of Sahiwal bull calves:
These are purchased from the nucleus herds out of elite dams after genetic
evaluation. Target of the project was to purchase 395 breeding calves and so far 371
calves have been procured.
12.Coordination with other Institutes:
Coordination with 17 institutions was planned. Main collaboration remained in the
field of research. Collaboration with 17 institutions was done up to 30.4.08.
13.Free Advice on farming:
Free advice on dairy farming was given to project registered farmers. Nonregistered farmers were benefited at the time of Sahiwal Gai Melas. A total of 6845
farmers participated in RCCSC melas.
This project is completing its five year gestation period on 30.6.08. The planned cost of the
project was Rs. 87.815/- million, released amount as Rs.102.592 million
and the actual
expenditure was Rs.89.277 million. Major expenditure was incurred on construction of office
building, residences and boundary wall of 34 Acres, salaries of research scientists and support
staff, purchase of transport (Vehicles and motor Cycles), machinery and equipment (Laboratory
and others), furniture / fixture, purchase of Sahiwal breeding Calves. During its life cycle, the
project titled, “Research Centre for Conservation of Sahiwal Cattle”, has done following
activities: Identification, registration and branding of Sahiwal Cows, their Performance
Recording, Identification of Nucleus Sahiwal Cow Herds , Evaluation of these Herds, Research
trials on station and on farm, printed Research Publications, Conducted Sahiwal Cattle Shows,
provided incentive in the from of free of cost Vaccine, Dewormer and Artificial Insemination to
the registered cow, identification and purchase of future Sahiwal Bulls and did coordination
with other National and International Institutions for research. Attempt has been made by the
executing agency to achieve the targets and the overall utilization up to 30.4.08 was 79%
however, short-fall remained in civil work, an amount of Rs.14.4 million was lapsed.
Besides on station research and analysis of data, the project staff remained in personal
contacts and interface with Sahiwal Cattle Breeders and provided necessary know how through
Cattle Shows (Sahiwal Gai Melas). On the impact side, breeding results always take time due to
longer generation intervals in cattle. For proving a Sahiwal bull 7-8 years are required.
Keeping in view the export potential of Sahiwal Cattle, semen and embryos, interest of
Sahiwal Cattle Breeders, it will be feasible to continue this national activity on permanent
footing.
Project Problems/Risks:1. Late recruitment of staff.
2. Late release of funds for civil work.
3. Project disturbed while shifting the site from Jahangirabad to Jhang.
4. 66 % officers and 25 % technical para vet staff remained short during project life.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
On the basis of evaluation on ground and in the field sub centres and due to the nature of
breed improvement programes which require 7-8 years to prove a batch of bulls it is
recommended that
1) This project should be shifted from development to non development expenditure.
2) This project should be expanded through out the province where Sahiwal cattle is
available.
3) This project should be strengthened by providing Biotechnology laboratories and Sahiwal
bulls R&D Station.