UNIT 8.
GRAMMAR.
I.
I wish…, I’d rather…, If only…, As if…, It’s time…
1) Wishes and regrets (I wish…, I’d rather (sooner)…, If only…).
a) Like a second conditional sentence, these wishes use a past tense form to
express a feeling about the present.
e.g. I wish I knew (= If I knew it would be better).
I wish it wasn’t raining (= If it wasn’t raining, it would be better).
I’d rather1 you didn’t tell anyone (= It would be better if you didn’t tell…).
If only he was here with me! (= If he was here with me, it would be better).
b) Wishes with could also express a feeling about the present.
e.g. I wish (If only) I could get a better job.
c) Wishes about the past use past perfect in the same way as a third
conditional sentence.
e.g. I wish (If only) I had brought an umbrella with me. (= if I had brought an
umbrella with me, it would have been better).
I’d rather you hadn’t told anyone.
d) Wishes with would/ wouldn’t are about general behaviour or habits, often
bad ones which we wish would change.
e.g. I wish everyone would leave me alone.
I wish it wouldn’t rain so much.
NB. We can’t use this construction to speak about ourselves:
e.g. I wish I could … NOT I wish I would…
2) As if…, As though…
a) Real comparisons with as if, as though use look, seem, appear, etc with
present or future meaning.
e.g. He looks as if he wants to leave (He really wants to leave).
It seems as though City are going to win (It’s 5:0 and the last minute of the
match).
b) Unreal comparisons with as if, as though use past tenses (past simple, past
perfect (continuous)) to refer to the present or to the past if the comparison
seems unreal or imaginary.
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We can use would rather/ would sooner + the bare infinitive to express choice
e.g. Would you rather stay at home?
I’d rather have tea than coffee.
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e.g. She acts as if she was/ were the boss (in fact she isn’t).
She looks as though she hadn’t slept a wink last night (imaginary – we don’t
know for sure).
3) It’s (high) time…
We use this expression with past simple to express what we think ought to be
done.
e.g. My shoes are wearing out. It’s time (that) I bought some new ones.
1. Make up sentences according to the pattern. Translate them into Russian.
Get ready for back translation of the sentences.
A) Pattern: I can’t do it. – I wish I could do it. (If only I could do it!)
1. This is a hostile world.
2. Michael is irresponsible. We can’t count on him.
3. You shouldn’t take his words into consideration. He is biased.
4. Maggie is intolerable. She never takes things easy.
5. It’s a pity, we don’t have a burglar alarm.
6. I have to go through with it.
7. We can’t discuss this fundamental question now.
8. It’s only too bad that Mike won’t keep us company.
9. It’s a pity that Gerald will drop out of university.
10.This actor keeps coming late to rehearsals.
11.My mother always loses her temper over trifles.
12.You look up to Edward, but he doesn’t deserve it.
13.The situation is disastrous. I hope somebody will come up with an idea.
14.The burglar broke into an apartment and was caught in the act.
15.Robert refused to take back his words.
16.We didn’t know it was a fancy dress party.
17.The mayor misused public funds. Now he is going to be arrested.
18.Roy dropped out of university and now he can’t get a good job.
19.May is sorry she didn’t keep her promise.
20.Alison is ashamed she lost her nerve.
B) Pattern: It’s time for you to do it. – It’s time you did it.
1.
It’s time for you to learn to use a computer.
2.
It’s time for Gerald to take over his father’s business.
3.
It’s time for the children to get used to abiding by school rules.
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4.
It’s time for Emily to earn her living.
5.
It’s time for the boys to stop making fun of Kevin.
6.
It’s time for the manager to think over the terms of the contract.
7.
It’s high time for the hotel to confirm the reservation.
8.
It’s high time for you to realize that your arguments don’t make sense.
9.
It’s time for you to stop being terrified of this small dog.
10.It’s high time for Richard to achieve success.
C) Pattern: I’d rather go there. – I’d rather you went there.
1.
I’d rather not make matters worse.
2.
I’d rather do my best to meet the deadline.
3.
I’d rather not appear on TV.
4.
I’d rather study the terms of the contract.
5.
I’d rather pay in cash.
6.
I’d rather abide by these rules.
7.
I’d rather attend this function.
8.
I’d rather forget these hardships.
9.
I’d rather not live on charity.
10.
I’d rather not grumble.
2. Complete the conversations using wish.
SUE: My mother's really angry with me.
РАМ: Why?
SUE: Because she found out I left my job.
PAM: Oh, yes. I told her that.
SUE: Well, I……………………………………………………… (not / tell)
her. It's not your business.
PAM: I'm sorry.
TONY: Have you seen Ben's new jacket? I bet it was expensive.
ANA: He told me it cost him £500.
TONY: I .......................................................... (have) as much money as him.
ANA: Well, you may not be rich, but you're much better-looking than Ben.
TONY: Am I?
GARY: You seem to enjoy dancing with Lionel.
JANE: Yes, I do. He's a very good dancer.
GARY: I .......................................................... (learn) to dance when I was
young.
JANE: You could learn now.
GARY: Oh, I'd feel stupid in a dancing class at my age.
EVA: I went to Norway last month.
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MAY: Really? My brother's living in Oslo now.
EVA: I ............................................................ (know). I could have visited him.
MAY: Yes, it's a pity. You must tell me if you're going there again.
FRED:My parents moved to New York last month.
ANDREW: How do they like it?
FRED:My mother likes it, but my father misses their old home.
He……………………………. (not / move) there.
ANDREW: Perhaps he'll get used to it.
FRED:I doubt it.
JANICE: You haven't seen my car keys, have you?
WENDY: No I haven't.
JANICE: I ..........................................................(know) what I'd done with
them.
WENDY: I hope you didn't leave them in the car door.
JANICE: So do I!
KAY: My brothers are digging a swimming pool.
JILL: That sounds like hard work!
KAY: It is. Actually, I suspect they .............................. (never / start). But they
can't stop now. There's a great big hole in the middle of the garden.
JILL: Yes, I see what you mean.
3. Complete each second sentence so that the meaning is similar to the first
sentence.
1. I wish you were a bit tidier.
I wish you would ....................................................................
2. I wish you were more interested in your school work.
I wish you would ......................................................................
3. I wish I spoke more languages.
I wish I could ...........................................................................
4. I wish I had enough money to buy a car.
I wish I could ...........................................................................
5. I wish they had more chess books in the library.
I wish the library would ............................................................
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6. I wish there was some soap in the bathroom.
I wish the cleaners would ........................................................
7. I just wish my partner was a bit more romantic!
I just wish my partner would ....................................................
4 Complete the text using one word in each gap.
Neighbours and noise
Do you ever wish that your neighbours (1) turn down their music? Perhaps
you're trying to sleep and you wish that the people next-door (2) not holding
an all-night barbecue party in their garden. Or do you feel it is (3) you moved
to an uninhabited island? Don't worry - you are just another victim of noise
pollution. Of course, most people would prefer (4) if cars (5) no noise at all,
neighbours (6) as quiet as mice, and nobody (7) about the streets in cars with
open windows and high-powered sound systems. You may even wish you (8)
stop children from playing in the street, or planes from passing overhead. But
in the end, if I (9) you I (10) just get used to it. Close the windows, buy some
earplugs, laugh and turn up your own stereo. Just act (11) if the noise (12)
simply not there! Who knows, perhaps it will go away! ,
5. a) Bernie and Martin share a room at college. Read what they say about
each other. Then write sentences about their wishes and regrets. Use
different structures.
MARTIN: It's dreadful having to share a room with Bernie. He's so untidy!
His books are all over the place, he never washes his coffee cup, he leaves
dirty clothes around the room - it's such a mess I can't work. And he comes in
late in the evening when I'm trying to sleep and lies in bed watching
television. I can't stand it! I'm going to look for a room on my own.
BERNIE: The trouble with Martin is that he never relaxes. He works so hard.
He gets angry, but he won't tell me what's wrong. And he interferes with my
possessions. He moves my books around so I can't find them. It's not much
fun sharing a room with Martin.
b) Have you got neighbours to grumble about? Tell your group mates about
them using active grammar patterns.
6. Choose the correct form.
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1.
Parents who also work often wish they have / had more time to spend
with their children.
2. No doubt the prime minister now wishes he listened / had listened to
what other people were saying before he made his decision,
3. Local councilors say they wish more people could / would let them know
what they think about the new anti-smoking laws,
4. Many people wish that fast-food companies would stop / had stopped
targeting children with advertising.
5. Local residents generally wish that tourists didn't leave / hadn't left so
much litter behind in the town.
6. I have had nothing but trouble with this computer, and I now wish that I
didn't buy / had not bought it.
7. When we grow older, with hindsight we all wish that we spent / had
spent our time at school more profitably.
8. We wish we knew / would know how to solve the problem of vandalism,
but so far we haven't come up with a perfect solution,
9. Doctors say they wish that more people paid / had paid attention to the
amount of salt they consume.
10. I wish I could/would believe what politicians say, but I'm afraid I can't.
7. a) Choose the correct option. А, В or C, to complete the sentences about
the generation gap.
b) Express your own concerns about the problem using as many different
active structures as you can.
1.
It's time that older people …………………. listening to what younger
people say.
2.
Some older people treat teenagers as if they……………..all dangerous
criminals.
3.
Some older people wish there……………………more police officers
on the street, and blame all bad behaviour on the young.
4.
Perhaps it's time that young people………………. more responsibly
towards other people.
5.
Generally speaking, young people……………….spend their time with
other young people.
6.
Many older people……………… the world to be just the same as it was
when they were young.
7.
Older people also wish that young people………………. more politely.
8.
Some people think ………………………….that 16-year-olds were
given the vote.
9.
Many young people, however, have no faith in politics, and just wish
the world…………………. different.
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10. Some of them…………………if everyone just left them alone and
stopped asking them for their opinions.
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1 A would start
2 A were
3 A were
4 A acted
5 A wish
6 A rather
7 A had behaved
8 A as if
9 A is
10A would rather
В start
В would
В had been
В would act
В would rather
В would prefer
В didn't behave
В it's time
В had been
В as though
С started
С prefer
С are
С act
С hope
С as though
С would behave
С they wouldn't prefer
С were
С would prefer it
8. Write a new sentence with the same meaning, beginning as shown. Share
your own ideas with the class. Use the active patterns.
1. It seems that more and more young people will go into higher education in future.
It seems as …………………………………………………
2. Most parents want their children to study a useful subject leading to a good job.
Most parents would rather .............................................................................
3. Students, however, usually want their parents to let them make their own choices.
Students, however, usually wish....................................................................
4. Later on, though, some students regret not having chosen their courses more
carefully.
Later on, though, some students wish............................................................
5. University advisers don't usually want students to choose a subject simply because
they think they are good at it.
University advisers usually prefer students ...................................................
6. The usual advice is: 'Think about what kind of work you want to do in the future.'
The usual advice is: 'If I .................................................................................
7. Some students seem from their behaviour to be only interested in having a good
time.
Some students behave as ...............................................................................
8. When they leave university, many students regret not having worked harder.
When they leave university, many students wish ..........................................
9. They also think they will never repay their student loans.
It also seems to them as .................................................................................
10. Universities should now pay more attention to students' financial problems.
It's……………………………………………………………………………
9. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms:
1.
It’s just struck midnight. It’s high time we (leave).
2.
If only we (have) a phone! I’m tired of queuing outside the public phone
box.
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3.
You (have) better take off your wet shoes.
4.
He walks as if he (have) a wooden leg.
5.
He talks as if he (do) all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I did most of
it.
6.
Father: I’ve supported you all through university. Now I think it’s time you
(begin) to support yourself.
7.
I wish I (know) what is wrong with my car.
8.
I wish I (ask) the fishmonger to clean these fish.
9.
It’s time we (do) something to stop road accidents.
10. The cheese looks as if rats (nibble) it.
11. it’s high time they (mend) this road.
12. He always talks as though he (address) a public meeting.
13. He treats us as if we (be) all idiots.
14. Wife: I’d like to get a job. Husband: I’d much rather you (stay) at home and
(look) after the house.
15. I wish you (not give) him my phone number.
16.
If only he (know) then that the disease was curable.
17.
You talk as though it (be) a small thing to leave your country for ever.
18. I hate driving. I’d much rather you (drive).
19. If only I (be) insured! (But I wasn’t).
20. I wish transistor radios never (be) invented.
21. If only I (keep) my mouth shut!
22. I’ll pay you by cheque monthly. – I’d rather you (pay) me cash weekly.
23. I said ‘Sunday’. – I wish you (not say) Sunday. We’ll never be ready by
then.
24. But I told you what to do. – I know you did. If only I (take) your advice!
25. That man has brought us nothing but trouble. I wish I never (set) eyes on
him.
26. Can I take your best umbrella? – I’d rather you (take) the other one.
27. I wish I (not try) to repair it. I only made it worse.
10. Restructure and retell the following letters to a psychologist using ‘I wish
…’, ‘If only I …’, ‘I’d rather…’, ‘As if…’, ‘It’s time…’, ‘If …,I …’. Give
advice (use ‘If I were … I should… (see Unit 3)’)
a) I’m 20 and I’m a compulsive liar — at least, a self-diagnosed one. I recently
came clean on all my long-standing fabrications to my girlfriend and closest
friends, and in the process I lost all or most of them I’m pretty sure. So now I’m
depressed, dealing with a breakup, and have low self-esteem and a behavioral
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disorder. I’m starting to wonder if it would’ve been better to keep up the
deception. Was it the right thing for me to do to come clean? It just doesn’t feel as
much of a relief as I hoped it would.
b) Why am I so lazy? I didn’t used to be like this until I got into high school. I
went from merely procrastinating — not doing my work until the last minute — to
doing my work after the due date, to not doing my work at all. I’m suddenly
feeling like I just can’t. I would stare at my paper for a long time, not write
anything, not be able to concentrate, and just allow myself to get distracted. Even
self-motivational speeches do not work. I don’t want to be like this, but it’s so
hard for me to do the work. I know it’s a problem. It’s affecting my schooling and
my weight. Why am I becoming like this?
c) I recently married a man I love dearly. But we aren’t living together yet and, to
make matters worse, he is living with his ex’s parents. He has three teenage
daughters, and only one likes me. He spends the whole weekend with his
daughters. He spends some week days with me but I have recently developed
separation anxiety issues; I get very upset when he leaves, and I feel depressed.
How can I get over my anxiety? Am I overreacting about him leaving for the
whole weekend?
II. Subjunctives.
1) After verbs such as demand, insist, suggest, require, adjectives such as
necessary, important, vital, essential, urgent, advisable, nouns such as request,
order, recommendation, instruction which involve an implied obligation, the
subjunctive may be used. The pattern is:
Suggest/demand/propose (it’s important/vital/essential) that somebody
(should)2 do something.
e.g. They insisted that we (should) have dinner with them.
It’s essential that everyone (should) be here on time.
You can also use normal present and past tenses.
e.g. It’s essential that everyone is here on time.
I demanded that he apologized.
2
The use of the bare infinitive is only found in formal style.
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2) After verbs and adjectives expressing personal attitude such as annoy, surprise,
astonish, strange, odd, funny, typical, natural, interesting, surprising should is
sometimes used to add emotional colouring to the sentence
e.g. It’s strange that he should be late. He is usually on time.
I’m surprised that he should have said such a thing.
In this case should is used with different forms of the infinitive and cannot be left
out.
1. Tick the correct sentences.
1 a After a match, the captain insists the football team should take things easy.
b After a match, the captain insists the football team take things easy.
с After a match, the captain insists the football team to take things easy.
2 a The journalist demanded that the minister resigned.
b The journalist demanded that the minister resign.
с The journalist demanded that the minister should resign.
3 a If you really want to get rich fast, I suggest you should work harder.
b If you really want to get rich fast, I suggest you work harder.
с If you really want to get rich fast, I suggest you to work harder.
4 a He never has any money, so it's very odd that he have a new car.
b He never has any money, so it's very odd that he has a new car.
с Не never has any money, so it's very odd that he should have a new car.
5 a My doctor explained that it was important I should take more exercise.
b My doctor explained that it was important I take more exercise.
с My doctor explained that it was important I took more exercise.
2. There are mistakes in some of these sentences. Correct the sentences where
necessary. Write 'OK' if the sentence is already correct.
1 We were very surprised that Tom behave in such a rude manner.
2 I asked a shop assistant for directions and he recommended to try the tourist
information office.
3 The, police accepted the recommendation that they reduce the number of officers on
duty.
4 If I can’t leave, my bags here, what do you suggest me to do with them?
5 It's essential that I should see the doctor today.
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6 Why didn’t you demand Colin to pay you the money?
3. Complete the conversation with should where necessary. Leave out should
where possible.
BEN: I can't find the sales reports anywhere. What should I do?
SUE: I really don't know. It's typical that (1)................................. (they /
disappear)
just when you need them. Why don't you ask Rose?
BEN: I did. She insisted that (2) .....................................(I / search) for them.
SUE: She's so unhelpful.
BEN: And where's Jack? He promised to check them with me.
SUE: I saw him in the coffee bar a few minutes ago.
BEN: It's essential (3) ........................................ (he / see) the reports.
SUE: Shall I send someone to fetch him?
BEN: No, I shouldn’t bother. He'll probably turn up in a minute.
SUE: OK. Are you going to stay in the office over lunchtime?
BEN: Yes. It's important (4) ...................(I / find) these reports. We'll be using
them in this afternoon's meeting.
SUE: Oh, right, yes. Well, I'm going to look at some computers. And look,
should anyone call, will you say I'm not available till tomorrow? I really haven't
got any spare time today.
BEN: Are we going to get a new computer?
SUE: Well, the manager's recommendation is that (5)……….. (we / wait) until
later in the year.
BEN: Why's that?
SUE: He says prices may fall. He suggests (6)……………….. (we / wait) until
the autumn.
BEN: I suppose it's only natural (7) ...................................... (he / be) cautious.
SUE: Hmm.
4. Put the verbs in brackets in to the correct forms.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
He suggested that I (try) something of a more serious nature.
He only requested that he (allow) to see the heads of some departments.
Doris requires of a man only that he (be) clever.
Brady proposed that they (walk) down to the sea wall.
He was annoyed that they (choose) the day of his departure for the party.
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6.
I’m glad that you (drop) in.
7.
He was determined that his enemies (pay)
8.
I was surprised that such a little boy (read) the life of Milton.
9.
Rupert was anxious that there (be) no appearance of coldness on Hilda’s part.
10. Propriety demanded that I (represent) at the game in person.
11. It’s wonderful that they (give) you a present.
12. It was arranged that his wife (join) him in six months.
13. It was all wrong that someone so young (be) so ill.
14. She listened in silence to Mel’s explanation why it was essential that he (remain) at
the airport.
15. It was advisable that she (continue) the treatment.
16. It was unnatural the way he (keep) his feelings in check.
17. After their talk it was urgent that she (see) her husband.
18. It was arranged that I (pick) up Hudson at his flat after lunch.
19. It was suggested that we (stay) where we were till it was light.
20. It is obviously necessary that an investigation (make).
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VOCAB & SPEAKING.
1. Study the following idioms and write a vocabulary story with as many of them
as you can .What other money idioms do you know?
born with a silver spoon in one`s mouth
- to be born to wealth and comfort, to be born rich
The new student in our class was born with a silver spoon in his mouth and has had
an easy life.
burn a hole in one`s pocket
- to stimulate someone to spend money quickly
The money was burning a hole in the man's pocket when he decided to go to the
casino.
buy (something) for a song
- to buy something cheaply
I was able to buy my first house for a song.
cash in on (something)
- to make money from an opportunity
The former basketball player cashed in on his popularity to open a very successful
restaurant.
control the purse strings
- to be in charge of the money in a business or a household
My sister controls the purse strings in her family.
cut (someone) off without a penny
- to stop giving someone a regular amount of money, to leave someone no money
in a will
The wealthy businessman cut his son off without a penny when the young man
refused to work hard.
foot the bill
- to pay for something
My sister will foot the bill for her daughter's education if she decides to go to
university.
(not) for love or money
- not for anything, not for any price (usually used in the negative)
I would not want to have that man's job for love or money.
from rags to riches
- from poverty to wealth
The man went from rags to riches with his hard work.
have money to burn (be loaded/ rolling in money)
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- to have very much money, to have more money than is needed
My aunt has money to burn and she is always travelling somewhere.
have one's hand in the till
- to be stealing money from a company or an organization
The clerk had her hand in the till so we decided to fire her.
He who pays the piper calls the tune.
- the person who pays for something has control over how the money is used
He who pays the piper calls the tune and the owner of the sports team can decide
who will play on the team.
Highway (daylight) robbery
- the charging of a high price for something
The amount of money that the company is charging for its services is highway
robbery.
in the black (vs. in the red )
- to be profitable, to make money
Our company has been in the black since it started.
kickback
- money paid illegally for favorable treatment
The politician received several illegal kickbacks and he was forced to resign.
live from hand to mouth
- to live on little money
My friend has been living from hand to mouth and is now using his savings from
his previous job.
lose money hand over fist
- to lose money fast and in large amounts
The new coffee shop is losing money hand over fist.
make a killing
- to make a large amount of money
My sister made a killing when she worked overseas in the oil industry.
money is no object
- it does not matter how much something costs
Money is no object and I plan to stay in the best hotels during my holiday.
on a shoestring
- with little money to spend, on a very low budget
My cousin started his business on a shoestring but now it is very successful.
pass the buck
- to make another person decide something, to put the responsibility or blame on
someone else
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Our supervisor always passes the buck and he will never take responsibility for
what he does.
pay through the nose
- to pay a very high price, to pay too much
I paid through the nose when I had to buy gasoline in the small town.
pinch pennies (also: scrimp and save)
- to be careful with money, to be thrifty
My grandmother always pinches pennies and never spends her money foolishly.
strike it rich
- to suddenly become rich or successful
My grandfather struck it rich when he was young but when he died he had no
money.
splurge on (something)
- to spend more money than one might ordinarily spend
We decided to splurge and go to a nice restaurant for dinner.
throw money around
- to spend a lot of money without worrying if you are wasting it
The government is throwing much money around as they prepare for the large
exhibition.
tighten one`s belt
- to live on less money than usual
We decided to tighten our belt and try to save up some money for a holiday.
tightfisted (with money)
- to be very stingy with money
My uncle is very tightfisted with money and does not want to spend any at all.
give (someone) a blank check
- to let someone act as they want or as they think is necessary (like a check that has
the amount left blank)
The city gave the new department a blank check to try and solve the homeless
problem.
2. Render the following text into English. Use at least 15 active vocabulary units.
Деньги не приносят счастья?
Неожиданно разбогатевшие люди нередко оказываются в тяжелом
психологическом состоянии.
Неожиданное богатство, свалившееся на человека, оборачивается для него
большими бедами, прежде всего, психологическими. К такому выводу
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приходят западные специалисты, занявшиеся изучением этой проблемы
несколько лет назад. Тогда на волне бума Интернет-экономики во многих
странах появился феномен быстрого прихода больших денег, «что многие
считают аморальным, а многие этому завидуют», пишет итальянская газета
«Стампа». Она обобщает данные исследований последних лет.
Когда богатство прирастает постепенно, на протяжении десятилетий и даже
при жизни нескольких поколений, люди в таких семьях успевают
привыкнуть к такому состоянию, у них формируются вкус, культура,
привычки, соответствующий образ жизни. Однако когда богатство
сваливается на голову быстро — от успешной работы или просто от
выигрыша крупной суммы в лотерею, “то бесповоротно меняются отношения
с родственниками и друзьями, ломается то, что психологи называют
самооценкой».
В статье цитируется британский профессор Майкл Аргил из Оксфордского
университета, который занимался влиянием быстрого обогащения на
психику человека. По его мнению, ожидание богатства настраивает человека
на позитивный лад, а достижение этой цели «оказывается куда менее
приятным». «Кто быстро становится богатым, — считает он, — должен
очень много внимания уделять тому, как он тратит деньги и как не отравить
себе жизнь». Такой человек рискует совершить много ненужных покупок,
позволить себя обмануть, разорить, продолжает ученый.
Но еще серьезнее риск социально-психологический. Прежняя среда начинает
казаться ему неподходящей, но денег бывает недостаточно для того, чтобы
быть принятыми в другой круг, где к «быстрым деньгам» (“quick buck”)
относятся крайне настороженно и презрительно. Результатом становится
«одиночество, депрессия и потеря корней».
Профессор констатирует, что деньги не приносят счастья, поскольку
оборачиваются потерей внутреннего спокойствия и равновесия. Что делать
тому, кто все-таки быстро разбогател? «Стампа» отвечает советом
британской компании «Камелот», занимающейся организацией лотерей: «Не
торопиться. Дать себе время привыкнуть к новому финансовому положению,
тщательно планировать будущие траты, оценивать все возможности и
варианты, обратиться к надежным консультантам, не терять контроля над
своим состоянием и составить завещание».
17
«Интерфакс»
3. Discussion questions.
Work in pairs. Make sure you use the active vocabulary of the unit.
Student A
Check you understand all the questions below, then ask the ones you are most
interested to hear your partner answer.
What is your attitude to credit cards and other kinds of debt?
What is your attitude to lending money to friends?
Do poor and rich people have equal opportunities in your country?
How much are the problems of the world due to the influence of money?
How much money would you give your children for pocket money? Would you
make that money dependant on anything? What would you say if they asked for
more?
Do you think people trying to get more money is generally a positive or negative
influence on society?
Does money make people happy, do you think?
What would and wouldn’t you do for a million pounds?
What would you do if you won a fortune?
What would you do if you were the richest man in the world?
What would you think, say or do if someone gave you a diamond ring on your
second date?
What would you do if you found a suitcase full of money in your front garden/ in
your hotel room?
Do you think that rich people usually deserve their money?
Does everyone in your country have the same opportunity to get rich?
What things are more important than money in a marriage partner?
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How can you show off how much money you have without being tacky?
When was the last time you were skint (= broke)?
Student B
Check you understand all the questions below, then ask the ones you are most
interested to hear your partner answer.
Are you good at saving money? Why do you say that?
Do you shop around?
Are you good at haggling? Do you enjoy it?
What do you think about buying second hand things?
Do you ever give money to charity?
What do you think a good government tax policy would be?
What is your attitude to investment? How much of a risk taker are you?
What do you think about giving money to beggars?
What is the minimum someone needs to live on in your country?
What do you think about banks in your country?
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
“Investing on the stock market isn’t much different from putting money on the
horses”
What would you have to do to be worth your weight in gold to your company or
university?
How would you blow 2000 pounds in a weekend?
What would you splash out on if you could double your income?
Are you a price conscious shopper?
4. Comment on the following sayings about money. Try to use your active vocab.
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Lack of money is the root of all evil.
George Bernard Shaw
No one can earn a million dollars honestly.
William Jennings Bryan
A fool and his money are easily parted.
Proverb
Who is rich? He that is content. Who is that? Nobody.
Benjamin Franklin
One must be poor to know the luxury of giving.
George Eliot
A bank is a place that will lend you money if you can prove that you don't need it.
Bob Hope
It's good to have money and the things that money can buy, but it's good, too, to
check up once in a while and make sure that you haven't lost the things that money
can't buy.
George Horace Lorimer
The real measure of your wealth is how much you'd be worth if you lost all your
money.
Unknown
If you can count your money, you don't have a billion dollars.
J. Paul Getty
READING & SPEAKING
1. Before you read
Have you done any of these things?
1. got a mortgage
2. used a credit card
3. borrowed money from a friend or family
4. taken out a student loan
5. taken out a loan from a bank to start a small business
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6. never borrowed any money
What problems are sometimes associated with these things?
2. Write the words from the article into the gaps. Then find the words in the
article to see how they are used in context.
unsustainable
saddled friction
lobby
rear
dismal
skewed
expand
get out of hand
point-blank
debt-ridden
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
If something is twisted or distorted, it is _______________ .
Something that is ______________ cannot continue at the same rate.
A ________ refusal is straightforward, plain, or explicit.
If someone is ____________, they are loaded or charged, as with a burden.
___________ is the same as burdened with debt.
If something _____________, it increases in extent, size, volume, scope, etc.
_________ is dissension or conflict between people, because of differing
ideas, wishes, etc.
8. If you ________ someone, you take care of them and support them up to
maturity.
9. If a situation is ___________, it causes gloom or depression
10.If a situation ____________, it cannot be controlled any more
11.To __________ is to try to influence the actions of public officials, especially
legislators.
3. While you read
Read the article and find out if any of the problems you thought of are
mentioned. What is the title of the article allusive of?
Lenders and borrowers –all are we!
As the UK personal debt breaks the one trillion pound mark, six people talked to Channel 9
News Online about debt.
Jack
It may seem strange to say I wish I'd never gone to university, but sometimes I
really regret I ever did. Studying media communications for three years has left me
saddled with a £15,000 student loan to pay off and the employment situation is
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pretty dismal at the moment, which doesn't make the future look too bright. I
would've been better off just getting straight into the job market when I was 18.
Brian
I see the government says it wants to encourage small businesses. What a joke!
The whole financial system is skewed in favour of the big boys and they always
just lobby to protect their interests. My garden-ornament business had cash-flow
problems last year, which meant I needed a temporary loan to pay my staff. My
bank just refused point blank to extend my credit. I even occupied the bank
manager's office one day! My business ended up going to the wall. Now I open the
paper today and I see some cable company is negotiating with the banks to
restructure £12 billion of debt. There's no justice.
Lizzie
My parents had problems with debt, which meant I couldn't get a credit card before
I left home and I swore blind I wouldn't get one when I did leave home. But then
you get out into the big bad world and you're just surrounded by temptation. We're
bombarded with adverts for this and that and then you're offered easy credit. A few
years ago, I was persuaded to celebrate New Year in Egypt. I took out a loan to
pay for the holiday and cover my expenses and then I got a credit card 'just for
emergencies'. The next thing I knew I'd spent £3,000 on the card. I tried to juggle
the debt by transferring the money onto another credit card, but by then I'd got into
the habit of spending and I ran up a debt on that card too. Over the next two or
three years, things just got completely out of hand, and now I'm £38,000 in debt
and at the point of declaring myself bankrupt.
Joseph
This whole sorry debt-ridden country is going to come crashing down and it's
going to be a hard, hard landing. You mark my words, this whole economy is built
on borrowing and credit, and it's just unsustainable. I have a small place with a bit
of land, which I bought when I was made redundant. I rear chickens and goats, and
grow a lot of my own food. I reckon I'm almost self-sufficient now, so I know that
on that day when the shit finally hits the fan, I'll be prepared.
Malcolm
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All that 'never a borrower nor a lender be' stuff is all just rubbish, if you ask me.
There isn't a successful businessman in the world who hasn't had to borrow money
to either get started or to expand. If you worry about what you owe, if you let it
play on your mind, you'll never take the risks you need to take in order to be
successful.
Angela
We borrowed a few thousand pounds off my parents-in-law to buy our house and
now I just wish we hadn't. It's just something they constantly hold over us and it's
caused a lot of friction - like last year when we said we weren't going to stay at
Christmas. My mother-in-law got all upset and then my father-in-law started
saying 'You're so ungrateful. All the things we've done for you and you just throw
it back in our faces.'
4. Match the words to make collocations (word pairs) from the article.
1. student
a. situation
2. employment
b. system
3. job
c. a loan
4. small
d. oneself bankrupt
5. financial
e. loan
6. cash flow
f. market
7. take out
g. landing
8. run up
h. a debt
9. declare
i. the risks
10.hard
j. business
11.be made
k. problems
12. take
l. redundant
5. Recreate, restructure and retell the article as a single report about the
problems that people get when they fall into debt. Use all the words and phrases
from ex. 2 & 4.
6. Speaking
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Complete each sentence with the name of one of the people in the article. If
you don't think any of the names fit a sentence, then leave it blank.
1 ..................... .'s just a whinger. I don't know why s/he's complaining.
2. I really feel sorry for .......
3. There's a lot of truth in what …………………………'s saying.
4 ..................... .'s obviously brought the situation upon her/himself.
5 ..................... 's not thinking about the long term enough.
6 ..................... 's talking rubbish.
7 ..................... hit the nail on the head when s/he said that.
8 ..................... .'s quite blasé about things.
9. I would hate to be in the situation……………….
's in.
10..................... ,'s obviously a bit of a crackpot.
Discuss what you have written with a partner. Explain why you agree or
disagree with your partner's choices.
7. Roleplays
a. Tell your father that you are skint and try to persuade him to give or lend you
some money
b. Persuade a bank manager that you are just down on your luck and that if he
lends your money to start a new business you will soon turn your life around
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TEST YOURSELF.
1. Grammar. Choose the correct answer.
1. I’d rather you …… your homework before you go out.
A did
B had done
C do
2. He acted as if he ……….. the house.
A owns
B owned
C had owned
3. I wish I ……….. to the library yesterday.
A went
B would go
C had gone
4. It’s about time we ………… some new staff.
A employed
B had employed
C are employing
5. I’d rather you …………. me when I’m talking.
A hadn’t interrupted
B don’t interrupt
C didn’t interrupt
6. If only you ………. me, I would have understood.
A told
B had told
C would tell
7. It’s high time you ……… how to drive.
A learnt
B had learnt
C would learn
8. They spoke as if they ……….. each other for years.
A knew
B know
C had known
9. I demanded that he ……….
A apologise
B will apologise
C is apologizing
10. It’s strange that he ………… late. He’s usually on time.
A ought to be
B must be
C should be
2. Vocab. Suggest active vocabulary units corresponding to the following
definitions:
1. to inherit (phr. v.)
2. to cheat someone by making them pay too much money for something (phr.
v.)
3. to take money from a bank account
4. the amount of money in a bank account
5. to watch people taking an examination in order to check that they do not
cheat
6. to give someone who has provided you with a service an extra amount of
money to thank them
7. information intended to advise people on how something should be done or
what something should be
8. on a television programme or film, the spoken words of a person that you
cannot see
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9. the money that you pay for a journey on a vehicle such as a bus or train
10.extremely tired
11.to thoroughly examine something to make sure it is all right (phr. v.)
12.American English someone who makes, pours, and serves drinks in a bar or
restaurant
13.someone whose job is to visit different shops, pretending to be someone who
is buying something, but who is really collecting information about what
goods people buy and why they buy them. The information is used when
planning how to sell a particular product.
14.a process in which detailed photographs of the inside of your brain are taken
and examined by a doctor
15.a short performance that an actor, musician, dancer, etc. gives in order to
show their ability and suitability for a particular play, film, show, etc.
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ACTIVE VOCABULARY.
p. 62
(Learn the words and expressions in V8.1 p. 131)
p. 64
(Learn the words and expressions in V8.2 p. 131), money-making schemes, make
all the difference, sit still, invigilate (an invigilator), express one’s opinion on, a
TV ad, a brain scan, a mystery shopper, write a report on, a customer, an
advertising campaign.
p. 66
give/ leave tips (to tip), receive a tip, a service charge, a restaurant bill, agree on, a
guideline, round up (the fare), keep the change, an encounter with, a rule of thumb,
play safe.
R8.1
Be short of money, (have money) in one’s bank account, an audition, chase
impossible dreams, learn one’s lines, go on about smth, give smb a lift (to work)
R8.5
It’s on me, do a study on, the absolute minimum, a counter, a bartender, …% of the
total, a fare
R8.8
Get back to smb (on the phone), to do a voiceover, a series, run a bit late, do a run
through, a script, go over (the lines)
R8.9
Be under a lot of pressure, go straight back to sleep, lose one’s temper with smb,
exhausted
Vocabulary Plus: British and American English
A (bank)note/bill, a chemist’s/drugstore, a tap/faucet, a bank holiday/ a national
holiday, the pavement/sidewalk, the motorway/freeway, a waistcoat/vest, a
torch/flashlight, a queue/line, the underground/subway, a car park/parking lot, a
mobile phone/cell phone, a block of flats/apartment building, a garden/yard
27