Solutions Study Guide
Key Terms:
Solution- a homogeneous mixture of variable composition in a single phase.
Solvent- the most abundant substance in the solution
Solute- a substance dissolved in a solvent.
Liquid solution- when the solvent is a liquid.
Alloy- a solution of a solid dissolved in a solid, usually metals
Solvation- the dissolving process for solid-in-liquid solutions
Dissociation- the process of dissolving when the solute is an ionic compound.
Miscible- when two liquids are mixed and do not separate. .
Immiscible- when two liquids separate after mixing.
Soluble- when a solute is able to dissolve in a solvent.
Solubility- the maximum amount of a solute that can dissolve in a specific solvent.
Saturated- a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute at a given temperature.
Supersaturated- a solution that contains more dissolved solute than it does at equilibrium.
Molarity- the moles of solute per liter of solution.
Molality- the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
Colligative properties- properties that result from the presence of a solute in a solvent.
Colloid- a mixture that contains small particles dispersed in a medium
Supsension- a mixture that contains larger particles that eventually settle out.
Tyndall Effect- a bean of light is visible in a colloid
Know:
1) The factors that affect the rate at which a solute will dissolve:
stirring, temperature, surface area, pressure
2) Be able to explain why these all affect dissolving in terms of the kinetic molecular
theory.
3) Know the colligative properties:
vapor pressure depression, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression and
increased osmotic pressure
4) Be able to give examples of solid solutions, liquid solutions, gaseous solutions,
suspensions, and colloids.
5) Be able to solve problems with % by mass, % by volume, molarity, and molality.