Name:______________________________ Class: __________________ Date: __________________
From DNA to Proteins
Chapter Test A
Answer Key
Multiple Choice
1. a
2. b
3. c
4. d
5. b
6. c
7. a
8. c
9. a
10. a
11. b
12. b
13. c
14. c
15. b
Short Answer
16. translation
17. tRNA
18. 4
19. 5; the small ribosomal unit binds to mRNA
in the cytoplasm. The binding attracts a
tRNA with methionine to the start codon.
20. When the ribosome encountered a stop
codon, the peptide strand would be released
and the ribosome would fall apart.
21. frameshift mutation, insertion
22. Sample answer: The reading frame is
thrown off because all of the nucleotides are
shifted to the right.
23. Sample answer: The resulting protein could
have a different amino acid sequence and, as
a result, a different shape.
24. Sample answer: no, because body cells do
not give rise to gametes, so the mutation
would not be passed on.
25. Yes, the human body has DNA repair
enzymes that help find and fix mutations.
Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company
Biology
1
From DNA to Proteins
Name:______________________________ Class: __________________ Date: __________________
From DNA to Proteins
Chapter Test A
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Choose the letter of the best answer.
_____ 1. What did Hershey and
Chase know about
bacteriophages that led
them to use these viruses in
their DNA experiments?
a. Bacteriophages are made
up of a protein coat
surrounding DNA.
b. Sulfur in all
bacteriophages is
radioactive.
c. Protein from
bacteriophages enters
bacteria.
d. Bacteriophages have no
DNA of their own.
_____ 4. The main difference
between the four
nucleotides that make up
DNA is that they have
different
a. sugars.
b. uracil.
c. bonds.
d. bases.
_____ 5. Which scientists figured out
thethree-dimensional
structure of DNA by using a
model of metal and wood?
a. Hershey and Chase
b. Watson and Crick
c. Pauling and Franklin
d. Chargaff and Griffith
_____ 2. Which scientist conducted
tests on extracts made of
bacteria to show that the
genetic material in bacteria
is DNA?
a. Martha Chase
b. Oswald Avery
c. Frederick Griffith
d. Alfred Hershey
_____ 6. In humans, where does
DNA replication take place?
a. cytoplasm
b. ribosome
c. nucleus
d. vacuole
_____ 7. During replication, the
function of the enzyme
DNA polymerase is to
a. bind nucleotides
together.
b. send messages.
c. receive messages.
d. locate replication sites.
_____ 3. Figure 8.1 shows a single
strand of DNA. Choose the
first three nucleotides of the
other DNA strand.
FIG. 8.1
a.
b.
c.
d.
GGT
CCT
GGC
TTA
Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company
Biology
2
From DNA to Proteins
Name:______________________________ Class: __________________ Date: __________________
Chapter Test A, continued
_____ 8. Figure 8.2 shows a single
strand of DNA. Choose the
first three nucleotides of the
complementary RNA
strand.
_____ 11. The central dogma states
that information flows from
a. RNA to DNA to
polysaccharides.
b. DNA to RNA to proteins.
c. RNA to DNA to proteins.
d. DNA to polysaccharides
to RNA
FIG. 8.2
a.
b.
c.
d.
_____ 12. How many amino acids are
coded for by the strand of
mRNA shown below?
Assume the reading frame
begins with the first
nucleotide.
AUT
CTA
AUC
ACG
_____ 9. During transcription, what
does messenger RNA do?
a. It delivers DNA’s
instructions for making
proteins.
b. It constructs proteins out
of random amino acids.
c. It strings together two
complementary DNA
strands.
d. It strings together two
complementary RNA
strands.
CGAUAC
a.
b.
c.
d.
1
3
2
5
_____ 13. Where is messenger RNA
“edited” into its final form?
a. in the cytoplasm
b. in the ribosomes
c. in the nucleus
d. in the anticodon
_____ 14. What is the term for the
sections of messenger RNA
that are spliced together
during processing?
a. operators
b. promoters
c. exons
d. introns
_____ 10. In order to produce all the
protein that a cell needs,
transcription takes place
a. on a gene segment over
and over again.
b. on a gene segment only
once.
c. using double-stranded
RNA.
d. using single-stranded
RNA
_____ 15. In bacteria, what binds with
the repressor to activate the
lac operon?
a. enzymes
b. lactose
c. repressors
d. promoters
Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company
Biology
3
From DNA to Proteins
Name:______________________________ Class: __________________ Date: __________________
Chapter Test A, continued
Short Answer Use the diagram below to answer items 16–20.
FIG. 8.3
16. What process is shown in Figure 8.3?
_______________________________________________________________
17. Identify the structure labeled 2 in the diagram.
_______________________________________________________________
18. Suppose translation has just begun. Write the number in the diagram that
corresponds to the start codon.
_______________________________________________________________
19. Write the number in the diagram that corresponds to the ribosome. How does
the ribosome interact with mRNA and tRNA during translation?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
20. Suppose the ribosome encounters a stop codon. Predict how the process shown
would terminate.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company
Biology
4
From DNA to Proteins
Name:______________________________ Class: __________________ Date: __________________
Chapter Test A, continued
Use the diagram below to answer items 21–25.
FIG. 8.4
21. What type of mutation is shown in Figure 8.4?
_______________________________________________________________
22. How does this type of mutation affect the way the mRNA is read?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
23. Suppose this mutation occurred in a coding region of mRNA. How would it
affect the structure of the resulting protein?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
24. Suppose this mutation occurred in a body cell. Would offspring be affected?
Explain.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
25. Does the body have any built-in defense against mutations? Explain
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company
Biology
5
From DNA to Proteins