ARCH 8567 - Building and Site Integration in Sustainable Design

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Syllabus for Arch 8567 Building and Site Integration in Sustainable Design – Fall 2008
ARCH 8567
Building and Site Integration in Sustainable Design
Fall Semester 2008 ARCH 8567
College of Design
University of Minnesota
Instructors:
Peter Macdonagh, ASLA, Kestrel Design Group
kbergesch@tkdg.net
and
Richard B. Strong, Adjunct Assistant Professor and
Research Fellow at the Center for Sustainable Building
Research
Phone: 612/ 624-7327 (Voice mail)
E-mail: stron081@umn.edu
Class hours: 2:30-5:00 Thursday Office hours: TBD
Location: Rapson Hall 125
Course credits: 3 credits
Required Text:
1) Urban Water Cycle Processes and Interactions
Author: Jiri Marsalek, Blance Jimenez-Cisneros,
Mohammad Karamouz, Per-Arne Malmquist, Joel
Goldenfum, and Bernard Chocat ; Edition: ; ISBN:
978-0-415-45347-9 Publisher: UNESCO 2004
Page 1
Preparation Date: 2/16/2016
Syllabus for Arch 8567 Building and Site Integration in Sustainable Design – Fall 2008
Supplementary Text:
1) Stein, Benjamin, Reynolds, John S, Grondzik, Walter
and Kwok, Alison, Mechanical and Electrical
Equipment for Buidings Wiley, NY, 2006 Tenth
Edition
Free Software: Aquacycle, Watergy Software, Green Roof
Calculator, Texas Cistern Calculator
Contributor:
 John Carmody, Director of Center for Sustainable Design Research
 Lawrence Baker PhD., Senior Fellow at the University
of Minnesota Water Resource Center
 Barbara Liukkonen PhD., Water Resources Education
Coordinator at the University of Minnesota Water
Resource Center
 Dwayne Stenlund, CPESC, Mn/DOT, Office of
Environmental Services
 William Arnold PhD., Associate Professor, Department
of Civil Engineering
 David Austin, Ecologist ESA, Principal Technologist
Natural Treatment Systems at CH2M HILL
Course
Description
Page 2
In order to move toward truly sustainable design, it is necessary to
have a deeper understanding of site and water issues in terms of the natural
environment. It is essential to think about designing site and building’s water
systems in terms of balance and cycles. However, today, water is thought of as
separate entities that are not interconnected such as: Ground Water, Surface
Water, Drinking Water, Storm Water, and Waste Water. When in fact all these
waters are exactly the same but appear to us as separate entities because waters
are just in different places and carrying different products. One function of water
is a conveyance vehicle that moves in a cyclic fashion to bring minerals to
support us and the natural environment. Disruption of the water cycle disturbs
ecological and nutrient processes in the environment. Besides solar energy
which drives the water cycle, water is critical to all life on earth both human and
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Syllabus for Arch 8567 Building and Site Integration in Sustainable Design – Fall 2008
non-human. Before urban development, the water was in balance in its
watershed. Current urban development has disrupted the water cycle, separated
the unified aspect of water and degraded the health and robustness of the natural
urban environment. This course will discussion this disruption and how one
might design within the water cycle and restore urban environments to their
healthy state.
Land use planning, creating a green infrastructure, stormwater drainage, water
supply and wastewater treatment are fundamental resource issues at the heart
of creating a more sustainable world. These issues must be addressed by the
true integration of planning, landscape architecture and architecture.
Sustainable design strategies such as green roofs and on-site stormwater and
wastewater treatment systems require an interdisciplinary approach.
The course provides students with knowledge of site design and water
conservation strategies, methods and tools. Based on understanding ecological
principles, students will research new approaches to integrated site and building
design. Exercises, case studies, and application of tools will provide students
hands-on opportunities to investigate design issues and determine outcomes. 4Field trips to exemplary projects will be part of the class.
Philosophy for
Ecological
Education
The four foundation courses in the M.S. in the Sustainable Design
Track embodies and promotes a pedagogy based on ecological
literacy and ecological principles. Ecological literacy is the knowledge and
understanding of the basic patterns, processes and structures of natural
systems. This natural system is the model of sustainability existing and
thriving on current energy and nutrient flows. Nature is the first teacher,
the primary guide. The program and courses employ an ecological model
as pedagogy; curriculum and course structure; and as a template for
student, faculty, and community relationships. This course will examine in
an indirect and direct manner the massive flows of materials and energy
required to support the building industry.
The four foundation courses are based on the idea of a whole building
integrated design process. The three courses that focus on specific topic
areas (site/water and climate, energy and IEQ, are materials and resources)
organized so that integration occurs through several means:
 Common overview of sustainable design and the integrated design
process
 Study of different aspects of a common pool of case studies
 Use of common tools and analysis methods to evaluate outcomes
 Using nature as a model for developing design innovation in each area.
Introduction/
Background
Page 3
Building construction transforms land that provides valuable ecological
services. Society has only recently begun to understand that these services have a
quantifiable economic value. For example, the City of Minneapolis has recently
developed a stormwater management fee that better reflects the true costs of
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Syllabus for Arch 8567 Building and Site Integration in Sustainable Design – Fall 2008
stormwater runoff and that provides more economic incentive for improved
stormwater performance. Site selection and design affect transportation and
energy use which leads to ground-level ozone, acid rain, smog, and global
climate change. Current development practices on the land can lead to
uncontrolled stormwater runoff, degraded water and soil quality, depletion of
water, soil, and valuable vegetated areas, and destruction of habitat.
Goals of sustainable water and site design:
 To design and maintain sites which have soil and water quality capable of
supporting healthy, bio-diverse plant, animal, and human communities,
which reduce water and energy consumption, improve the rate, quantity and
quality of stormwater runoff, and which minimize pollutant contributions
related to transportation requirements.
 Maintain and improve the ability of the soil to maintain its structure against
adverse impacts.
 Restore/improve the hydrologic cycle of water on the site to avoid adverse
impacts on the site and downstream of the site.
 Reduce consumption of potable water.
 Improve the biodiversity of the site by introducing flora/fauna which will
help contribute to the sustainability of the site over time.
 Reduce energy consumption and pollution contributions to air and water
related to site location and associated transportation requirements.
 Restore/improve the outdoor environmental quality (OEQ) of the site to
enhance occupant productivity, building performance, and community
benefits.*
* From the Minnesota Sustainable Building Guidelines (MSBG) – CSBR:
Course Goals
The following outcomes of the class are to illustrate a student’s capability to
achieve a leadership role in private firms and public institutions concerning
sustainable site and water issues
 Students will understand site and water issues at the global, national,
state, community and project scale.
 Student will come to understand the local water cycles and water balance on
a site scale and be able to start design more sustainable sites and building
with this knowledge
 Students will be able to identify, apply and evaluate site and water
design strategies.
 Students will be able to work with the site, water and building related
requirements of LEED, B3 and other common tools and standards.
 Students will be able to determine actual environmental, economic, human
and community outcomes related to site, water and building design decisions.
Course Work
Projects, Grading, and Expectations
Three projects/exercises will be used to investigate the major course topics (1) Site
Waters and the water cycle, 2) Balancing Site and Building water and 3) Integrated
Design Charrette balancing energy and water within the site and building. The three
exercises will build incrementally and reinforce class material the over the semester.
1) Exercise #1: Water Cycles of the Site Water –Rapson Hall (40%)
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2) Exercise #2: Site and Building Water Balance – Rapson Hall (20%)
3) Exercise #3: Understanding and Balancing Water and Energy Cycles– Rapson
Hall (20%)
4) Class Participation (20%)
Students will model an integrated design approach to building’s site and water
issues that will perform as a resource and cost-efficient system that enhances
building performance, occupants’ productivity and health.
Students will learn decision processes and criteria for selecting environmentally
sound procedures for incorporating site and water issues into the design process.
Students will realizes the indirect and direct manner the massive flows of water
and energy required to support the building industry the subsequent impact on the
environments around us.
Grading Standards
University of Minnesota Grading Standards:
A Achievement that is outstanding relative to the level necessary to meet course
requirements
B Achievement that is significantly above the level necessary to meet course
requirements
C Achievement that meets the course requirements in every respect
D Achievement that is worthy of credit even though it fails to meet fully the
course requirements
S Achievement that is satisfactory, which is equivalent to a C- or better
F (or N) Represents failure (or no credit) and signifies that the work was either:
1) completed but at a level of achievement that is not worthy of credit or 2)
was not completed and there was no agreement between the instructor and
the student that the student would be awarded an incomplete.
I (Incomplete) Assigned at the discretion of the instructor when, due to
extraordinary circumstance, e.g., hospitalization, a student is prevented from
completing the work of the course on time. Requires a written agreement
between instructor and student.
A
B+
B
BC+
C
CD+
D
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10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
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Syllabus for Arch 8567 Building and Site Integration in Sustainable Design – Fall 2008
DF
Academic
Dishonesty
1
0
Academic dishonesty in any portion of the academic work for a course
shall be grounds for awarding a grade of F or N for the entire course.
Credit/Workload
Expectations
One credit is defined as equivalent to an average of three hours of
learning effort per week (over a full semester) necessary for an average student
to achieve an average grade in the course. For example, a student taking a threecredit course that meets for three hours a week should expect to spend an
additional six hours a week on coursework outside the classroom (over a
semester) to receive an average grade.
Attendance
Attendance is required. It is critical that you fully participate and attend all
class periods (lectures, fieldwork, and reviews).
Tools
DIGITAL TOOLS – LCA - Life cycle cost calculation tools and methods
 Minnesota Sustainable Building Guidelines - (B3) www.csbr.umn.edu/b3msbg.html
 Green Globes/BGI http://www.greenglobes.org/
 Athena™ Life Cycle Costing (LCC) to Roofing Investments: A Guide to
Using Green Roofs for Healthy Cities GreenSave Calculator
 Seattle’s Green Factor
ON LINE RESOURCES
 National Institute of Building Sciences
http://www.nibs.org/
 Whole Building Design Guide
http://www.wbdg.org/
 Building Envelope Design Guide http://www.wbdg.org/design/envelope.php
 Environmental Building News Database
http://www.ebn.org/
On Line Resources
The instructor will maintain a WebCT Vista site for the course. Course materials
(e.g. syllabus, assignments), links to relevant information, and a course calendar
will be maintained on the site. In order to access the site, follow the instructions
below:
1. Launch Netscape or Internet Explorer
2. Go to http://vista.umn.edu
3. Click the Log in link
4. Log in with your UMN Internet ID and password
5. You will see the link to the new section in your My WebCT home area
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Some student may have to reconfigure their browser in order to access the Vista
site. Instructions are available at: http://webct.umn.edu/browser/
Additional information about using WebCT Vista, including an online tutorial, is
available at: http://uttc.umn.edu/training/resources/webct/vista/.
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Syllabus for Arch 8567 Building and Site Integration in Sustainable Design – Fall 2008
Fall 2008—Course Schedule for Thursdays @ 2:30-5:00 pm 125 Rapson Hall
Week 1
Thursday 9/4
Peter and Rich’s Water Shorts: Water Trivia
Discussion of the Assigned Reading: “Do No Harm”
Guest Lecturer-Lawrence Baker PhD. Senior Fellow at the University of
Minnesota Water Resource Center,
His research combines the perspective of an engineer and a bio-geochemist to the
of practical environmental problems ranging from wetland treatment systems to
the biogeochemistry of urban ecosystems.
The main focus of his current work is nutrient and material flows in human
ecosystems – cities, farms and exurban recreational development. The
overarching goal of this research is to develop approaches for reducing pollution
that are “more effective, cheaper and fairer” than current “end of pipe”
approaches.
Required Readings:
1) ''Do No Harm'': A New Philosophy for Reconciling Engineering and Ecology
2) “The Urban Stream Syndrome: current knowledge and search for a cure” or
3) The Water Environment of Cities Adapting to Change
Supplementary Reading:
1) 2.3 Water pp 30-32 Stein, Benjamin, Reynolds, John S, Grondzik, Walter
and Kwok, Alison, Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for Buidings
Wiley, NY, 2006
Assigned Exercise #1: Water Balance of the Site Water-Rapson Hall
Week 2
Thursday 9/11
Peter and Rich’s Water Shorts: Why is Atlanta out of Water?
Discussion of the Assigned Reading: “The Three Principles”
Guest Lecturer- Barbara Liukkonen PhD. Water Resources Education
Coordinator at the University of Minnesota Water Resource Center on
Water and other cycles in the natural environment
Barb Liukkonen works primarily on shoreland education, volunteer monitoring,
and safe drinking water. She also provides outreach education on wastewater,
source water protection, and land-use decision making. Barb has a joint position
with the WRC and Minnesota Sea Grant.
In addition to 20 years of experience with the Extension Service and Sea Grant,
Barb has also worked as the program director for the Rivers Council of
Minnesota and as a hydrogeologist with the EPA. She has a M. S. from the
University of Minnesota-Duluth in Hydrogeology, and B. A. in Geology from
Carleton College.
Required Reading:
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1) The Three Principles
2) What is the Water Cycle
3) The Hydrological Cycle and its Components
Supplementary Reading:
Chapter 3: Emerging Water Shortages, from Lester R. Brown, Plan B 2.0
Rescuing a Planet Under Stress and a Civilization in Trouble (NY: W.W. Norton
& Co., 2006). © 2006 Earth Policy Institute.
Saturday 9/13
Tour 1 – Green & Blue Infrastructure, Low Impact Development (Peter
MacDonagh) starting at 8:30 am at corner of
Supplementary Reading:
1) Chapter 20: “Water Basic Design” pp 885-892, Stein, Benjamin, Reynolds,
John S, Grondzik, Walter and Kwok, Alison, Mechanical and Electrical
Equipment for Buildings Wiley, NY, 2006
2) Chapter 3 “Riding the Water Cycle” pp 19-25, Pearce, Fred, When the
Rivers Run Dry, Water – the Defining Crisis of the Twenty-First Century,
Beacon Press, 2006
Week 3
Thursday 9/18
Peter and Rich’s Water Shorts: What happened to the Aral Sea?
Discussion of the Assigned Reading: “Aqueous Solutions”
Lecture: Existing Tools for Water Management (Richard Strong/Peter
MacDonagh)
Required Reading:
1) Aqueous Solutions
2) Components of the Total Water Balance of an Urban Catchment
3) Integrated Urban Water Cycle Management: moving towards System
Understanding
4) Change 4 Water Balance
Supplementary Reading:
Chapter 9 - Finding the Balance between Water for Humans and for Nature”
Week 4
Thursday 9/25
Page 9
Peter and Rich’s Water Shorts: Where is LA’s water?
Discussion of the Assigned Reading: “Chapter 9 Finding the Balance between
Water for Humans and for Nature”
Class Interim Review of Exercise #1: Water Balance of the Site WaterRapson Hall
Lecture: Pollutants and Impacts to Watersheds (Peter MacDonagh)
Required Reading:
1) Man and the Water cycle: challenges for the 21st century
2) Society’s interaction with the water cycle: a conceptual framework for a
more holistic approach
3) The Relationship between Land Use Decision and the Impacts on Our Water
and Natural Resource
4) Chapter 9 Finding the Balance between Water for Humans and for Nature
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Syllabus for Arch 8567 Building and Site Integration in Sustainable Design – Fall 2008
Supplementary Reading:
1) “Preventing Stormwater Runoff Problems Through Watershed Land Design”
by Mary Vogel, Lance M. Neckar, ASLA, Robert D. Sykes, ASLA, Aaron A.
Mikonowicz, Kathryn J. McFadden, Department of Landscape Architecture,
University of Minnesota.
Saturday 9/27
Tour 2 – Green & Blue Infrastructure, Low Impact Development (Peter
MacDonagh) starting at 9:00 am at the Minneapolis Library or the Green Institute
Supplementary Reading: Abramovitz, Janet N., Imperiled Waters,
Impoverished Future: The Decline of Freshwater Ecosystems, Worldwatch Paper
128, Worldwatch Institute, 1996
Week 5
Thursday 10/2
Peter and Rich’s Water Shorts: The death of the Owens Valley
Discussion of the Assigned Reading: “Integrated Urban Water Cycle”
Guest Lecturer - Dwayne Stenlund, CPESC, Mn/DOT, Office of
Environmental Services on MnDot’s integration of stormwater management
with the natural ecology of the site.
Lecture: Life cycle cost analysis and accounting for environmental impacts
(Richard Strong) if time is available
Required Reading:
1) Delivering Planning and Performance Assessment Tools for Integrated
Urban Water Management
2) Modeling Sustainable Urban Water Management Options
3) Integrated Urban Water Cycle
4) Sustainable Urban Water Management
Supplementary Reading:
1) Chapter 21: “Water Supply” pp 893-980, Stein, Benjamin, Reynolds, John
S, Grondzik, Walter and Kwok, Alison, Mechanical and Electrical
Equipment for Buildings Wiley, NY, 2006
Week 6
Thursday
10/9
Week 7
Thursday 10/16
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Student Final Presentation of Exercise #1: Water Balance of the Site WaterRapson Hall
Lecture: Green Roof and Landscape Geneology (Peter MacDonagh) if time
permits
Assigned: Exercise #2: Site and Building Water Balance – Rapson Hall
Tour 3 - St. Paul Water Treatment Tour: Meet at the St. Paul Water Treatment
Plant beginning at 3:00 pm. Tour will conclude around 4:45 pm. The address
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for the treatment plant is St. Paul Regional Water Services 1900 Rice St Saint
Paul, MN 55113
Week 8
Thursday 10/23
Peter and Rich’s Water Shorts: What are PFOS and PFOA doing in our
drinking water?
Discussion of the Assigned Reading: “Ground Water rights, Spatial
Variation and Transboundary Conflicts?”
Guest Lecturer – William Arnold, Associate Professor, Department of Civil
Engineering on water quality and how to reuse water
Required Readings
1) Its That My Groundwater or Your Surface Water?
2) Ground Water rights, Spatial Variation and Transboundary Conflicts?
3) Ground Water Recharge in Minnesota
4) Minnesota’s Water Supply
Supplementary Reading:
1) Toxic Traces: Timeline for PFOS and PFOA
Week 9
Thursday 10/29
Class Interim Review of Exercise #2: Site and Building Water Balance –
Rapson Hall
Discussion of the Assigned Reading: “The Problem of Fit between Ecosystems
and Institutions”
Lecture: Stormwater and conservation at the College/University (Richard
Strong)
Required Reading:
1) IHDP Working Paper#2: The Problem of Fit between Ecosystems and
Institutions
2) The Nature and Value of Ecosystem Services: An Overview Highlighting
Hydrologic Services
3) Discussion of an Ecosystem Function Basis for Protecting Receiving Waters
Supplementary Reading:
1) Study: Wrong fish used to save species
Week 10
Thursday 11/6
Page 11
Peter and Rich’s Water Shorts: What happen to the Ogallala Aquifer?
Discussion of the Assigned Reading: “21st Century Water Systems: Scenarios,
Visions and Drivers
Lecture: Seattle Water conservation Toolkits/ Concordia Water Solutions
(Richard Strong)
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Syllabus for Arch 8567 Building and Site Integration in Sustainable Design – Fall 2008
Required Readings:
1) The Soft Path for Water
2) Global Freshwater Resources: Soft-Path Solutions for the 21st Century
3) 21st Century Water Systems: Scenarios, Visions and Drivers
Supplementary Reading:
1) Case Study: Building within the Community Watershed: Designing
waterway as an environmental framework for development in Farmington,
Minnesota, Design Center for American Urban Landscape, University of
Minnesota
Week 11
Thursday 11/11
Peter and Rich’s Water Shorts: The Lake Pepin Story
Discussion of the Assigned Reading: “Chapter 4 Incorporating Water for
Ecosystem Services”
Guest Lecturer - David Austin, P.E., Senior Ecologist ESA, Principal
Technologist, Natural Treatment Systems, CH2M HILL on Living Machines
David Austin, P.E., formerly Director of Research and Development at DLSI and
one of the designers of Dharma’s Living Machine® treatment systems, has
moved to Minnesota to join the NAWE ecological engineering team. Mr. Austin
is a leading expert in tidal flow wetland treatment systems, a role he will
continue at NAWE as Vice President of Ecological Design.
Required Reading:
1) Chapter 3 pp 19-92 “Emerging Precepts of Biological Design”, Todd, Nancy
Jack, and Todd, John, From Eco-Cities to Living Machines, Principles of
Ecological Design, North Atlantic Books, 1994
2) Alternative Water Sources: Supply-Side Solutions for Green Buildings,
Environmental Building News, May 1, 2008
3) Chapter 4 Incorporating Water for Ecosystem Services pp 64-79,
Falkenmark, Malin, Rockström, Johan, Balancing Water for Humans and
Nature: The New Approach in Ecohydrology, Earthscan, 2004
Supplementary Reading:
1) Chapter 22: “Liquid Wasted” pp 981-1046, Stein, Benjamin, Reynolds, John
S, Grondzik, Walter and Kwok, Alison, Mechanical and Electrical
Equipment for Buildings Wiley, NY, 2006
2) Part 1: Minnesota's lifeblood
Week 12
Thursday 11/20
Tour 4: Eagles Point Wastewater Treatment Plant beginning at 2:30 p.m.
at 9211 110th Street South, Cottage Grove, Mn. 55016 with Rolf Jacobson from
CSBR
This plant was the first one in our system to incorporate sustainability into the
design and construction of an expansion project;
Week 13
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Thursday 11/27
Week 14
Thursday 12/4
Thanksgiving Holiday-No class
Student Final Presentation of Exercise #2: Site and Building Water Balance
– Rapson Hall
Assigned Exercise #3: Integrated sustainable water and energy systems for
Rapson Hall, its occupants and environs
Week 15
Monday 12/8
Exercise #3 Charrette of Integrated sustainable water and energy systems
for Rapson Hall, its occupants and environs
9:00 am to 2:00 pm in Room 225 Rapson Hall:
Required Reading:
1) Linking urban water balance and energy balance models to analyze urban
design options
2) Environmental Consequences of rapid urbanization in warm, arid lands: case
study of Phoenix, Arizona (USA)
3) Urbanization and warming of Phoenix (Arizona USA): Impacts, feedbacks
and mitigation
4) Building an Ecological Civilizations
5) Running out of Water –Six point plan to avert a global crisis
Additional Articles on Water and Economics:
1) The Economics of Water: Taking Full Account of First Use, Reuse and Return to the
Environment
2) Valuation of Ecological Benefits: Improving the Science Behind Policy Decisions
3) Ecosystems are more than Wildlife Habitat
4) An Economic Rationale for Integrated Stormwater Management
Resources/Tools:
1) Rooftops to Rivers Green Strategies for Controlling Stormwater and Combined Sewer Overflow
2) Using the STORM Calculator to achieve best practice stormwater treatment
3) A Review of Stormwater Sensitive Urban Design in Australia
4) Rainwater Harvesting for Enhanced Groundwater Recharge Through Capture of Increase Runoff
from Site Development
5) Water Management at BedZED: some lessons
6) Chapter One: Introduction to the Sustainable Sites Initiative
7) Sustainable Water Management: Eco-towns water cycle worksheet
8) Water Efficiency for your home: Products and Advice which save water, energy and money
9) Water Efficiency: The Next Generation
10) Effects of Rain Gardens on the Quality of Water in the Minneapolis-St.Paul Metropolitan Area of
Minnesota, 2002-04
11) Water balance and the behavior of different paving surfaces
12) Hydrological Behavior of Vegetated Roofs
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Bibliography
Abramovitz, Janet N., Imperiled Waters, Impoverished Future: The Decline of Freshwater Ecosystems,
Worldwatch Paper 128, Worldwatch Institute, 1996
Corner, James, editor, Recovering Landscape: Essays in Contemporary Landscape Architecture,
Princeton Architectural Press, 1999
De Villiers, Marc, Water, The Fate of our Most Precious Resource, A Mariner Book, 2000
Falkenmark, Malin, Rockström, Johan, Balancing Water for Humans and Nature: The New Approach in
Ecohydrology, Earthscan, 2004
Glennon, Robert, Water Follies, Groundwater Pumping and the Fate of America’s Fresh Waters, Island
Press, 2002
Johnson, Bart R. and Kristina Hill, editors, Ecology and Design: Frameworks for Learning, Forward by
David W. Orr. Island Press, 2002
LEED Rating System and Reference Manual, U.S. Green Building Council [Available at
http://www.usgbc.org]
Lyle, John, Regenerative Design for Sustainable Development, 1994.
Marsh, W. M., Landscape Planning: Environmental Applications. 3rd ed. Addition-Wesley Publishing
Company, 1997.
McHarg, Ian, Design with Nature, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1969.
Meinig, D.W., editor, The Interpretation of Ordinary Landscapes: Geographical Essays, Oxford
University Press, 1979.
Melby, Pete, Cathcart, Tom, Regenerative Design Techniques, Practical Application in Landscape
Design, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 2002
Minnesota Sustainable Building Guidelines, 2004. [Available at http://www.csbr.umn.edu/B3]
Pearce, Fred, When the Rivers Run Dry, Water – the Defining Crisis of the Twenty-First Century, Beacon
Press, 2006
Postel, Sandra, Dividing the Waters: Food Security, Ecosystem Health, and the New Politics of Scarcity,
Worldwatch Paper 132, Worldwatch Institute, 1996
Reisner, Marc, Cadillac Desert, Penguin Books, 1986,1993
Segerfeldt, Fredrik, Water for Sale, How Business and the Market can Resolve the Worlds Water Crisis,
CATO Institute, Washington DC, 2005 (Please read with caution)
Shiva, Vandana, Water Wars, Privatization, Pollution and Profit, South End Press, 2002
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Stein, Benjamin, Reynolds, John S, Grondzik, Walter and Kwok, Alison, Mechanical and Electrical
Equipment for Buildings Wiley, NY, 2006
Thompson, J. William and Kim Sorvig, Sustainable Landscape Construction: A Guide to Green Building
Outdoors. Island Press, 2000.
Todd, Nancy Jack, and Todd, John, From Eco-Cities to Living Machines, Principles of Ecological
Design, North Atlantic Books, 1994
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