Course Title: Advanced Plant and Soil Science
Lesson Title: Compare Mitosis and Meiosis
TEKS Addressed in Lesson: 130.21 (c) (15) (D)
http://www.tea.state.tx.us/index2.aspx?id=5415#Subchapter A
Lesson Objectives: The student will be able to….
1. Compare the phases of Mitosis and Meiosis
2. Explain the significance of each process
Tools and Equipment
Power point entitled “Mitosis and Meiosis”
YouTube video entitled “Mitosis” 6:11
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C6hn3sA0ip0&feature=related
Power point of pictures of vegetables
Mitosis notes sheet and teachers key
Key Terms / Vocabulary
mitosis
prophase
prometaphase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
kinetochore
centromere
interphase
G1
S phase
G2
Meiosis
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Interest Approach/Anticipatory Set
At the beginning of the period, show the YouTube video entitled “Mitosis”. Afterwards show
them the pictures of the vegetables from Alaska and ask the students “How did the vegetables get
to such a large size?” Have them guess the weight of the potato.
Teaching Plan and Strategy / Presentation of New Material
Present new material using PowerPoint Presentation titled “Mitosis and Meiosis”
Activity/Application/ Student Engagement /Laboratory
After your introduction to mitosis, present the power point and have students fill in the
notes.
Evaluation / Summary
Ask the students to devise a sentence to help them remember the order of the cell cycle. Then
you can vote on which sentence is the best. Below is an example:
I passed my algebra test, Cindy.
Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase, cytokinesis.
References/Additional Materials / Extended Learning Opportunities/ Enrichment
Postlethwait, John H. and Hopson, Janet L., et al. Modern Biology. 2nd ed. Austin, Tx: Holt,
Rinehart and Winston, 2009.
Campbell, Neil A., Reece, Jane B. and Mitchell, Lawrence G., et al Biology. 9th ed. Menlo Park,
CA: Pearson, Benjamin Cummings, 2010
CTE Online Website. Assessed June 5, 2012 from
http://www.cteonline.org/portal/default/default
College & Career Readiness Standard
Science VI A4 & D 5
©Texas Education Agency, 2013
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Mitosis and Meiosis Notes
Fill and label all parts of the cell cycle:
3
Cell Cycle = Interphase and Mitosis: Draw the phases and record what occurs in each phase
Phase
Events that Occur
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
4
Or
Polar bodies/
Egg
What are the purposes of Mitosis?
What is the result of uncontrolled Mitosis?
What is the purpose of Meiosis?
Meiosis Stages Matching
Events
Events to Place in Order
Stage
Interphase
o Crossing over
Meiosis I
Prophase I
o Two daughter cells are
formed
o Four haploid daughter cells
are formed
o Chromosomes line up in
Metaphase I
5
middle of cell
Anaphase I
Telophase I
o Nuclear membrane breaks
down
o Nuclear membrane reforms
o Spindle fibers appear
Meiosis II
Prophase II
o Sister chromatids pulled to
opposite ends of cell
o Chromosomes are doubled
o Nuclear membrane re-
Metaphase
II
Anaphase II
forms
o Centrioles pulled to
opposite ends of cell
o Two new nuclei are formed
Telophase II
o Spindle fibers appear
o Two new nuclei are formed
in each cell
o Nuclear membrane breaks
down
o Centromeres break down
o Homologous chromosomes
pulled to opposite ends of
cell
o Centrioles pulled to
opposite ends of cell
o Homologous chromosomes
line up in middle of cell
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Mitosis and Meiosis Notes Teacher Key
Fill and label all parts of the cell cycle:
G1- growth
S- DNA synthesis
G2- growth and organelle replication
1- prophase
2- metaphase
3- anaphase
4- telophase
5- cytokinesis
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Cell Cycle = Interphase and Mitosis: Draw the phases and record what occurs in each phase
Phase
Interphase
Events that Occur
a cell performs all of its regular functions and gets ready to divide.
Metabolic activity is very high. Cell does most of its’ growth during
interphase
Chromosomes are replicated
Prophase
Chromatin coils into visible chromosomes
Centrosome: mitotic centers, poles for division migrate
Nuclear envelope breaks.
Microtubules (kinetochore + pole) attach to centrioles
Metaphase
Chromatids align on a plane at cell’s equator.
Anaphase
Chromatids separate simultaneously
Sister chromatids become daughter chromosomes.
Telophase
Daughter chromosomes stop moving
Chromosomes uncoil, nucleus and nucleoli reform
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Cytokinesis
Division of cell cytoplasm after mitosis
Or
Polar bodies/Egg
What are the purposes of Mitosis?
Growth, repair, asexual reproduction
What is the result of uncontrolled Mitosis?
cancer
What is the purpose of Meiosis?
Produce gametes for sexual reproduction
Stage
Interphase
Meiosis I
Meiosis Stages Matching
Events
Chromosomes are doubled
Prophase I
Crossing over
Events to Place in Order
o Crossing over
o Two daughter cells are
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Nuclear membrane breaks
down
formed
o Four haploid daughter
cells are formed
Spindle fibers appear
Centrioles pulled to opposite
ends of cell
Metaphase I Homologous Chromosomes
line up in middle of cell
Anaphase I
Homologous chromosomes
pulled to opposite ends of cell
Telophase I
Two daughter cells are formed
Nuclear membrane reforms
Meiosis II
o Chromosomes line up in
middle of cell
o Nuclear membrane
breaks down
o Nuclear membrane reforms
o Spindle fibers appear
o Sister chromatids pulled
to opposite ends of cell
Two new nuclei are formed in
each cell
o Chromosomes are
Spindle fibers appear
Nuclear membrane breaks
down
o Nuclear membrane re-
Prophase II
doubled
forms
o Centrioles pulled to
opposite ends of cell
Metaphase
II
Two new nuclei are formed
chromosomes line up in middle
of cell
formed
o Spindle fibers appear
Anaphase II
Telophase
II
o Two new nuclei are
Centrioles pulled to opposite
ends of cell
o Two new nuclei are
Sister chromatids pulled to
opposite ends of cell
o Nuclear membrane
Four haploid daughter cells are
formed
Nuclear membrane reforms
o Centromeres break down
formed in each cell
breaks down
o Homologous
chromosomes pulled to
Two new nuclei are formed
opposite ends of cell
o Centrioles pulled to
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opposite ends of cell
o Homologous
chromosomes line up in
middle of cell
`Mitosis and Meiosis Reviewsheet
Matching: match the term to the description
A. Prophase
B. Interphase
C. Telophase
D. Metaphase
E. Anaphase
_____ 1. The sister chromatids are moving apart.
___ 2. The nucleolus begins to fade from view.
_____ 3. A new nuclear membrane is forming around the chromosomes.
_____ 4. The cytoplasm of the cell is being divided.
_____ 5. The chromosomes become invisible.
_____ 6. The chromosomes are located at the equator of the cell.
_____ 7. The nuclear membrane begins to fade from view.
_____ 8. The division (cleavage) furrow appears.
_____ 9. The chromosomes are moving towards the poles of the cell.
_____ 10. Chromatids line up along the equator.
_____ 11. The spindle is formed.
_____ 12. Chromosomes are not visible.
_____ 13. Cytokinesis is completed.
_____ 14. The cell plate is completed.
_____ 15. Chromosomes are replicated.
_____ 16. The reverse of prophase.
_____ 17. The organization phase.
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Fill in the blank: (drag/drop or write the word) Some will be used more than once.
A. Prophase
D. Metaphase
G. Chromatid
J. Spindle fiber
B. Interphase
C. Telophase
E. Anaphase
H. Cytokinesis
K. Cell Plate
F. Centromere
I. Mitosis
E. Anaphase
________________18. What phase are daughter cells in as a result of mitosis?
________________19. During what phase of mitosis do centromeres divide and the
chromosomes move toward their respective poles?
________________20. What is the phase where chromatin condenses to form chromosomes?
________________21. What is the name of the structure that connects the two chromatids?
________________22. In a chromosome pair connected by a centromere, what is each
individual
chromosome called?
________________23. What are the two parts of cell division?
________________
________________24. What structure forms in prophase along which the chromosomes move?
________________25. Which phase of mitosis is the last phase that chromatids are together?
________________26. Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by a non-dividing cell?
________________27. What structure is produced when protein fibers radiate from centrioles?
________________28. What forms across the center of a cell near the end of telophase?
________________29. The period of cell growth and development between mitotic divisions?
________________30. What is the phase where cytokinesis occurs?
Review Questions:
31. During which stage of a cell’s cycle do the replicated chromosomes thicken and
become visible? ______________________
32. In animal cells, which structure is thought to produce the spindle fibers that help
separate the sister chromatids during anaphase? ______________________
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33. Is this structure found in plant cells?__________
5. The drawing below has been made from a photograph showing a cell undergoing
mitosis. Based on the drawing, in what stage of mitosis must the cell have been in?
6. The drawings A-E show stages of mitosis in a plant cell.
(a)
Which of the drawings A -E shows
(i)
interphase ________ (DNA is replicated)
(ii)
prophase ________ (chromosomes – 2 sister chromatids – shorten)
(iii)
metaphase ________ (sister chromatids line up)
(iv) anaphase ________ (sister chromatids separate)
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(v)
telophase ________ (new nucleus forms at each end)
(vi) cytokinesis ________ (cell contents divided between 2 daughter cells)
(b) Give two processes which occur during interphase and which are necessary for
nuclear division to take place.
7. This drawing shows various stages of mitosis in a fast growing onion root tip.
Identify the cells (by number) which are in the following stages of mitosis:
interphase _____________
prophase _____________
metaphase _____________
anaphase _____________
telophase_____________
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`Mitosis and Meiosis Reviewsheet Teacher’s Key
Matching: match the term to the description (drag/drop or write the letter)
A. Prophase
B. Interphase
C. Telophase
D. Metaphase
E. Anaphase
__E___ 1. The sister chromatids are moving apart.
_ A__ 2. The nucleolus begins to fade from view.
___C__ 3. A new nuclear membrane is forming around the chromosomes.
___C__ 4. The cytoplasm of the cell is being divided.
___C__ 5. The chromosomes become invisible.
___D__ 6. The chromosomes are located at the equator of the cell.
___A__ 7. The nuclear membrane begins to fade from view.
__C___ 8. The division (cleavage) furrow appears.
___E__ 9. The chromosomes are moving towards the poles of the cell.
___D__ 10. Chromatids line up along the equator.
___A__ 11. The spindle is formed.
___B__ 12. Chromosomes are not visible.
__B___ 13. Cytokinesis is completed.
__B___ 14. The cell plate is completed.
__B___ 15. Chromosomes are replicated.
__C___ 16. The reverse of prophase.
__D___ 17. The organization phase.
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Fill in the blank: (drag/drop or write the word) Some will be used more than once.
A. Prophase
D. Metaphase
G. Chromatid
J. Spindle fiber
B. Interphase
C. Telophase
E. Anaphase
H. Cytokinesis
K. Cell Plate
F. Centromere
I. Mitosis
E. Anaphase
B. Interphase
________________18.
What phase are daughter cells in as a result of mitosis?
E. Anaphase
________________19.
During what phase of mitosis do centromeres divide and the
chromosomes move toward their respective poles?
A. Prophase
________________20. What is the phase where chromatin condenses to form chromosomes?
F. Centromere or
Kinetocore
________________21. What is the name of the structure that connects the two chromatids?
G.____________
Chromatid 22. In a chromosome pair connected by a centromere, what is each
individual chromosome called?
I. Mitosis
________________23.
What are the two parts of cell division?
H. Cytokinesis
________________
J.
Spindle fiber
________________24.
What structure forms in prophase along which the chromosomes move?
D. Metaphase
________________25.
Which phase of mitosis is the last phase that chromatids are together?
B. Interphase
________________26. Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by a non-dividing cell?
J. Spindle fiber
________________27.
What structure is produced when protein fibers radiate from centrioles?
K. Cell Plate
________________28.
What forms across the center of a cell near the end of telophase?
B. Interphase
________________29.
The period of cell growth and development between mitotic divisions?
C. Telophase
________________30.
What is the phase where cytokinesis occurs?
Review Questions:
31. During which stage of a cell’s cycle do the replicated chromosomes thicken and
become visible? ___Prophase___________________
32. In animal cells, which structure is thought to produce the spindle fibers that help
separate the sister chromatids during anaphase? _____centrioles or centrosomes__
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33. Is this structure found in plant cells?___yes, to centrosomes/ no to centrioles__
5. The drawing below has been made from a photograph showing a cell undergoing
mitosis. Based on the drawing, in what stage of mitosis must the cell have been in?
ANAPHASE
6. The drawings A-E show stages of mitosis in a plant cell.
(a)
Which of the drawings A -E shows
(i)
interphase __c______ (DNA is replicated)
(ii)
prophase ____b____ (chromosomes – 2 sister chromatids – shorten)
(iii)
metaphase ____e____ (sister chromatids line up)
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(iv) anaphase ______a__ (sister chromatids separate)
(v)
telophase ______d__ (new nucleus forms at each end)
(vi) cytokinesis ___d_____ (cell contents divided between 2 daughter cells)
(b) Give two processes which occur during interphase and which are necessary for
nuclear division to take place.
____Growth________ of the cell and _____replication______ of the DNA
7. This drawing shows various stages of mitosis in a fast growing onion root tip.
Identify the cells (by number) which are in the following stages of mitosis:
interphase ___4,5,6,8,10,13,15,16,18__________
prophase ___2, 14__________
metaphase ___1, 11, 17__________
anaphase ___7, 9__________
telophase_____3, 12________
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Directions:
1. Label all key structures (homologues, sister chromatids, centromere, nuclear
membrane, spindle fibers, nucleus).
2. Write a brief description of each phase (don’t forget crossing over).
3. Label each cell diploid or haploid.
4. Color each chromosome.
a. Color one homologous pair of chromosomes dark ____red____________ and light
____blue______________. Choose the same color.
b. Color the other homologous pair of chromosomes dark _____blue___________ and
light ___pink_______________. Choose the same color, but different from step a.
c. DON’T forget to color
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