Linguistics 21, Sections 1, 2, 6
Spring 2013
Problem Set 4: Diagramming
Diagram the following argument using the method presented in Chapter 7. You may work
with a partner. This problem set is due on Wednesday, April 24, so take your time and do a
good job!!! ( .3 points each; 4.5 points total).
1.  Emily deserves to be promoted to project manager, because  she's the most qualified
candidate and  the CEO promised her the job.
2.  If we're in Milwaukee, then we're in Wisconsin. Hence,  since we're not in Wisconsin, 
we're not in Milwaukee.
3.  Either this is a Celica or it's an Accord.  It's a Celica only if it's a Toyota. But  it's not a
Toyota. Hence,  it's not a Celica. Hence,  it's an Accord.
4.  Practices that inflict suffering on sentient beings without good reason are morally wrong. 
For humans to kill and eat sentient animals inflicts suffering on them without good reason.
Therefore,  it is wrong for humans to kill and eat sentient animals. Moreover,  a vegetarian
diet is healthier than a meat-based diet. For these reasons,  people should become vegetarians.
5.  Parker is either at the library or he's at Mel’s Bar. But  Parker never reads anything but
comic books. Therefore,  he's probably not at the library. Moreover  today is Saturday, and
 Parker goes to Mel’s Bar almost every Saturday. Therefore,  Parker is probably at Mel’s
Bar.
6.  This car looks exactly like my car, but is it?  If this is my car, there should be a pair of
fuzzy dice hanging from the rearview mirror, and  there aren't any. Moreover,  if this is my
car, my key should fit it in the lock, and  it doesn't. So,  this isn't my car.
7.  If the weather is nice, the reception will be outdoors.  If it rains, the reception will be in
the ballroom.  If the reception is outdoors, I'll need to bring the paper plates.  If the reception
is in the ballroom, I'll need to bring the china. But  it looks like the weather will be nice. 
The National Weather Service says it will be warm and sunny. So,  the reception will most
likely be outdoors. Therefore,  I will need to bring the paper plates.
8.  Quality family planning and reproductive health services, mother and child health, women's
rights, and women's education—this four-point program is the best way to achieve a rapid
slowdown in population growth.  It can improve the quality of life directly, through health and
education benefits, and  it improves the status of women.  It creates a healthy and educated
work force.  It gives people the knowledge with which they can fight for their own rights.  It
might also help to raise incomes, and  it will certainly help to slow environmental damage.
9.  The worst time to drink water—or any other fluid for that matter—is with your meals. 
Water taken with food cuts down on saliva production.  It also washes down the food
prematurely, before it has been adequately chewed, and  adequate chewing is critical to
complete and efficient digestion.  Water with food also dilutes the digestive enzymes in the
mouth and stomach, interfering with starch and protein digestion and causing fermentation and
gas in the digestive tract.
10.  Recycling makes good sense.  It conserves scarce landfill space,  it reduces
environmental damage from activities such as strip mining and clear-cutting,  it conserves
energy,  reduces pollution, and  minimizes solid waste in manufacturing new products.
13.  Never date or flirt with current students. Period. . . . No matter how old, wise, or
experienced a student is, he or she is still less powerful than you are.  Merely suggesting a
flirtation is enough to make some students uncomfortable. Further,  no matter how much you
and your "special friend" try to separate your personal relationship from your student-teacher
one, other students will believe that you are being soft on the object of your affection.  If you
compensate by being "extra tough," you are depriving your special friend of fair treatment.
Further,  the mere fact that you are dating a student will probably increase student cynicism
and distrust. Lastly,  asking a student out or flirting is a prima facie case of sexual harassment.
14.  It is no accident that the nation's most toxic sites are surrounded by black and Latino
communities.  Most minority communities in the United States are poor, and
 low income people can't vote with their feet and move wherever they choose. Nor  do the
poor have the political clout to challenge the local zoning boards that protect wealthy
communities.
15.  Many (if not most) of the fundamental concepts in marketing are based on the
practitioner's ability to know people. After all,  if we don't understand why people behave as
they do, how can we identify their needs?  If we can't identify their needs, how can we satisfy
their needs?  If we can't satisfy people's needs, we don't have a marketing concept, so we
might as well fold our tents and go home!
16.  Doing all of your runs on a track isn’t ideal.  The boredom of going in circles can make
it hard to stay motivated, and  the flat surface won’t develop leg strength as well as running on
hills.  Running exclusively on a track also increases your risk of injury because  the constant
turning puts extra stress on the inside knee and hip. (Jeff Galloway, “The Starting Line,” 2005)
Exercise 7.4, Page 188-89 – Summarize the following arguments using the method presented
in this chapter and in class: Numbers 2 and 3 ( .6 points each; 1.2 points total).