ПЕРЕЛІК ТЕСТОВИХ ЗАВДАНЬ
для підготовки студентів 1-го курсу стоматологічного факультету до другого
перескладання іспиту з предмету «БІОЛОГІЧНА ТА БІООРГАНІЧНА ХІМІЯ»
Classes of biological important organic compounds. Biopolymers and their structural
components
Saturated monocarboxylic acids are acids, which contain:
A. Saturated hydrocarbon chain and two carboxyl groups.
B. Saturated hydrocarbon chain and one carboxyl group.
C. Saturated hydrocarbon chain and ОН-group.
D. Unsaturated hydrocarbon chain.
E. Unsaturated hydrocarbon chain and one carboxyl group.
ANSWER: B
What general formula has the saturated monocarboxylic acids?
A. СnH2n+1-COOH.
B. СnH2n-COOH.
C. СnH2n+1-COH.
D. СnH2n-COH.
E. СnH2n+1-OH.
ANSWER: A
In analytical chemistry for the determination calcium ions use such dicarbonic acid:
A. Oxalic acid.
B. Malonic acid.
C. Adipinic acid.
D. Succinic acid.
E. Gylutaric acid.
ANSWER: A
Hydroxyl-acid is:
A. Cyclic structures: lactides and lactones.
B. Derivative carboxylic acids in molecule which is hydroxyl-group.
C. Derivative carboxylic acids in molecule which is amino-group.
D. Aromatic carboxylic acids.
E. Derivative carboxylic acids in molecule which is carbonyl-group.
ANSWER: B
Oxo-acid is:
A. Cyclic structures: lactides and lactones.
B. Derivative carboxylic acids in molecule which is hydroxyl-group.
C. Derivative carboxylic acids in molecule which is amino-group.
D. Aromatic carboxylic acids.
E. Derivative carboxylic acids in molecule which is carbonyl-group.
ANSWER: E
The number of carboxyl groups which are in molecule of hydroxyl-acids is called:
A. Valency.
B. Basity.
C. Solubility.
D. Insolubility.
E. Saturation.
ANSWER: E
Oxo-acid is classified by the type of carbonyl group:
A. Saturated and unsaturated.
B. Soluble and insoluble.
C. Aldehydo- and keto-acids.
D. Aliphatic and aromatic.
E. Cyclic and acyclic.
ANSWER: C
In Krebs cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) can form such compounds:
A. Lactic and pyrovic acids.
B. Acetoacetic and sulfuric acids.
C. Isocitric and α-keto-glutaric acids.
D. Isocitric and aconitic acid.
E. Citric acid and acetone.
ANSWER: C
What fatty acids are essential for human body?
A. Arachinoic and arachidonic.
B. Linoleic and linolenic.
C. Palmitic that stearic.
D. Oleic that stearic.
E. Palmitic and arachidonic.
ANSWER: B
What the saturated fatty acids prevails in the human body?
A. Lauric.
B. Palmitic.
C. Stearic.
D. Enanthic.
E. Myristic.
ANSWER: C
Triglyceride which contains different fatty acid residues is:
A. Neutral.
B. Simple.
C. Compound.
D. Artificial.
E. Mixed.
ANSWER: C
Lipid is…. by chemical structure:
A. Ethers of lower carboxylic acids and alcohols.
B. Esters of fatty acids and alcohols.
C. Esters of hydroxylacid and higher monoatomic alcohols.
D. Ethers of fatty acids and diatomic alcohols.
E. Esters of hydroxylacid and long carbon chain monoatomic alcohols.
ANSWER: B
Fats are classified by nature into:
A. Vegetable and animal.
B. Only vegetable.
C. Only animal.
D. Only microbes.
E. Only animal and microbes.
ANSWER: A
Fat contain……. in molecular as rule.
A. Residues of high molecular saturated carboxylic acids.
B. Residues of high molecular unsaturated carboxylic acids only.
C. Residues of low-molecular unsaturated carboxylic acids.
D. Residues of low-molecular saturated carboxylic acids.
E. Residues of low-molecular hydroxycarboxylic acids.
ANSWER: A
Oils contain……. in molecular as rule.
A. Residues of high molecular saturated carboxylic acids.
B. Residues of high molecular unsaturated carboxylic acids only.
C. Residues of low-molecular saturated carboxylic acids.
D. Residues of low-molecular hydroxycarboxylic acids.
E. Residues of low-molecular unsaturated carboxylic acids.
ANSWER: B
What groups of acids are only acids which is in fats and oils?
A. Heptanoic, octanoic, butanoic, palmitic.
B. Stearin, octanoic, oleic.
C. Palmitic, stearic, oleic, linolic.
D. Butanoic, ethanoic, palmitic, linolenic.
E. Enanthic, succinic, oleic.
ANSWER: C
Typical reaction for fats, as all esters is:
A. Hydrolysis.
B. Dehydration.
C. Dehydrogenization.
D. Nitration.
E. Sulphatation.
ANSWER: A
Base hydrolysis of fats is used for prepare:
A. Glycerol.
B. Low-molecular unsaturated carboxylic acids.
C. Margarine.
D. Oils.
E. Waxes.
ANSWER: A
Hydroxyl compounds are:
A. Ethers of glycerin and fatty acids.
B. Derivative hydrocarbons, in molecule which one or more hydrogen atoms substituted into a
hydroxy-group.
C. Derivative carbohydrates, in molecule which one or more hydrogen atoms substituted into
Oxygen.
D. Derivative hydrocarbons, in molecule which one or more hydrogen atoms substituted into a
С=О group.
E. Polymers.
ANSWER: B
Alcohols are:
A. Derivative hydrocarbons, in molecules which one or more hydrogen atoms substituted into a
hydroxy-group.
B. Compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms substituted into alkyl radicals.
C. Compounds molecule which consist of a lot structural links.
D. Cyclic compounds in which cycle have Oxygen.
E. Derivative hydrocarbons, in molecules which one or more hydrogen atoms substituted into
amino-groups.
ANSWER: A
Classification of alcohols by a hydrocarbon chain structure:
A. Monoatomic, diatomic, triatomic.
B. Primary, second, tertiary.
C. Monobasic, two-basic, three-basic.
D. Heterocyclic and carbocyclic.
E. Aliphatic, aromatic and alicyclic.
ANSWER: E
Classification of monoatomic saturated alcohols by position hydroxy-groups in carbon chain:
A. Monoatomic, diatomic, triatomic.
B. Primary, second, tertiary.
C. Monobasic, dibasic, thribasic.
D. Heterocyclic and carbocyclic.
E. Aliphatic, aromatic and alicyclic.
ANSWER: B
Heterocyclic amino acid is:
A. Valine.
B. Isoleucine.
C. Histidine.
D. Phenilalanine.
E. Glycine.
ANSWER: C
What amino acid is imino-acids?
A. Tryptophane.
B. Argenine.
C. Tyrosine.
D. Proline.
E. Histidine.
ANSWER: D
Carbocyclic amino acid is:
A. Tryptophane, argenine.
B. Phenilalanine, tyrosine.
C. Methionine, glycine.
D. Valine, histidine.
E. Alanine, tryptophane.
ANSWER: B
The investigation solution gives the positive ninhydrin and Foll reactions. Which component
contains this solution?
A. Hydrolyzed of proteins with aromatic α-amino acids.
B. Hydrolyzed of proteins with sulfur-contain α-amino acids.
C. Hydrolyzed of proteins with acid α -amino acids.
D. Hydrolyzed of proteins with neutral α -amino acids.
E. Hydrolyzed of proteins with basic α -amino acids.
ANSWER: B
Essential amino acid is:
A. Alanine, serine.
B. Asparagine, glutamine.
C. Methionine, tryptophane.
D. Aspartic acid, glutamic aciud.
E. Cystein, praline.
ANSWER: C
What reaction is used for determine peptid bond in molecules of proteins?
A. Xanthoproteic.
B. Ninhydrin.
C. Biuret.
D. Foll.
E. Adamkevich.
ANSWER: C
L-amino acid is formed after hydrolysis polymers. What is this biopolimer?
A. Proteins.
B. Nucleic acids.
C. Heparin.
D. Starch.
E. Hyaluronic acid.
ANSWER: A
Choose sulfur-containing amino acid:
A. Arginine.
B. Methionine.
C. Serine.
D. Tryptophane.
E. Threonine.
ANSWER: B
Peptid bonds are formed between groups:
A. NH2 and COOH.
B. NH2 and CH3.
C. NH2 and SH.
D. СООН and ОН.
E. СООН and СН3.
ANSWER: A
What amino acid are base:
A. Tryptophane, arginine.
B. Phenilalanine, tyrosine.
C. Arginine, lusine, histidin.
D. Leucine, glycine.
E. Aspartic and glutamic acids.
ANSWER: C
What product can form in oxidizing diamination alanine?
A. Propenioc acid.
B. Butanoic acid.
C. Glycol acid.
D. Propanoic acid.
E. Lactic acid.
ANSWER: E
Proteins have total positive charge in which prevail:
A. Lusine and argentine.
B. Aspartic and glutamic acids.
C. Lusine and glutamic acid.
D. Methionine, Tyrosine.
E. Lusine and aspartic acid.
ANSWER: A
The primary structure of protein is formed by such bond:
A. Ester.
B. Ionic.
C. Glycosidic.
D. Peptide.
E. Hydrogen.
ANSWER: D
Salting up is the precipitation of proteins in solution by:
A. Salts of heavy metals.
B. Concentrated mineral acids.
C. Saturated and sub-saturated solution of alkaline and alkaline-earth metals.
D. Alkaloids.
E. High temperature.
ANSWER: C
What method can use for separation proteins which have different acid-base activity?
A. Ion-exchange chromatography.
B. Gel-filtration.
C. Selective adsorption.
D. Paper chromatography.
E. Affinity chromatography.
ANSWER: B
Glycoproteins consist the protein and:
A. Carbohydrate components.
B. Metal ion.
C. Phosphor.
D. Phenol.
E. Nucleotides.
ANSWER: A
Chromoproteins are all except:
A. Haemoglobin.
B. Mucin.
C. Myoglobin.
D. Histohematins.
E. Katalase.
ANSWER: B
The primary structure of proteins is formed...... bond:
A. Ester.
B. Ion.
C. Peptids.
D. Hydrogeni.
E. Hydrophilic.
ANSWER: C
In test tubes is: in first - glucose solution. in second - fructose. in third - starch. What reagent is used
for determine glucose?
A. Feling’s reagent.
B. Fole’s reagent.
C. Mohr’s reagent.
D. Adamcevich’s reahent.
E. Ninhydrin.
ANSWER: A
Glucose is heterofunctional compounds. What functional groups is in molecule glucose.
A. Carboxyl and keton.
B. Hydroxyl and carboxyl.
C. Aldehyde and hydroxyl.
D. Amino and keton.
E. Carboxyl and amino.
ANSWER: C
Aldohexose is all except:
A. D-glucose.
B. D-galactose.
C. D-mannose.
D. D-fructose.
E. D-idose.
ANSWER: D
In DNA is such monocaccharose:
A. D-galactose.
B. D-glucase.
C. D-ribose.
D. D-dioxiribose.
E. D-fructose.
ANSWER: D
Equivalent mixture of optical antipodes is:
A. Conformer.
B. Racemic.
C. Enantiomers.
D. Diastereomers.
E. Epimers.
ANSWER: B
Diastereomers in molecule which is configuration differ only at one chiral center are:
A. Conformer.
B. Racemic.
C. Enantiomers.
D. Anomers.
E. Epimers.
ANSWER: E
What disaccharide is reducing sugar?
A. Lactose.
B. Sucrose.
C. D-Glucose.
D. D-Fructose.
E. alfa-D-glucopiranose.
ANSWER: A
What disaccharide is formed after hydrolysis starch by enzyme β-amilase?
A. Sucrose.
B. Maltose.
C. Lactose.
D. Galactose.
E. β-Celabiose.
ANSWER: B
Polysaccharide is:
 Starch.
B. Lactose.
C. Maltose.
D. Ribose.
E. Fructose.
ANSWER:A
Chondroitin sulphate is basis:
A. Muscular tissue.
B. Cartilaginous tissue.
C. Hair.
D. Nervous system.
E. Blood.
ANSWER: B
Heparin is basis:
A. Muscular tissue.
B. Cartilaginous tissue.
C. Hair.
D. Nervous system.
E. Blood.
ANSWER: E
By the size of ring heterocyclic compound classified into:
A. Saturated, unsaturated aromatic.
B. Nitrogen-, oxygen, sulfocontain.
C. Five-. six-, seven member ring.
D. Cycles with one and two hetero atoms.
E. Condensed and non condensed heterocyclic compound.
ANSWER: C
What medicine has imidasol ring in molecule?
A. Analgine.
B. Histamine.
C. Antipyrine.
D. Amidopyrine.
E. Furocyline.
ANSWER: B
Heterocyclic compounds have hetero-atoms. What are classified heterocyclic compounds by nature
hetoro-atoms?
A. Saturated, unsaturated, aromatic.
B. Nitrogen-, Oxygen-, Sulfur-contain compounds.
C. Five-, six-, seven-member ring.
D. Cycles with one and two hetero atoms.
E. Condensed and non condensed heterocyclic compound.
ANSWER: B
What heterocycl is in uric acid?
A. Pyrole.
B. Purine.
C. Imidazole
D. Pyrazine.
E. Pyrazolone-5.
ANSWER: B
What compound has tetrapyrole ring?
A. Uric acid.
B. Nicotinic acid.
C. Xanthine.
D. Vitamin B12.
E. Barbituric acid.
ANSWER: D
Qualitative tests on purine ring in uric acid is:
A. Tromer’s reaction.
B. Iodoform reaction.
C. Murexide test.
D. FeCl3 solutin.
E. Selivanov’s reaction.
ANSWER: C
What acid is present in butter?
A. Acetic.
B. Palmitic.
C. Lactic.
D. Butanoic.
E. Oleic.
ANSWER: D
What vitamin is synthesized in the skin babies under sunlight since cholesterol?
A. D3.
B. A.
C. C.
D. E.
E. K.
ANSWER: A
What is common name of butanoic acid?
A. Butyric acid.
B. Valeric acid.
C. Fumaric acid.
D. Lactic acid.
E. Glycolic acid.
ANSWER: A
Triglycerides are natural esters of glycerol with:
A. Tribasic carboxylic acids, e.g. citric acid
B. High molecular weight aromatic carboxylic acids
C. Long chain aliphatic carboxylic acids
D. Tribasic mineral acids, e.g. orthophosphoric acid
E. Dibasic carboxylic acids, e.g. oxalic acid
ANSWER: C
What acid is in Bile?
A. Cholic.
B. Palmitic.
C. Linoleic.
D. Myristic.
E. Stearic.
ANSWER: A
Acetylcholine is balding bloc of compound which transfers neurons impulse. What aminoalcohol is
in its molecule?
A. Choline.
B. Glycerol.
C. Ethanolamine.
D. Sphingosine.
E. Cholesterol.
ANSWER: A
Bile acids are polar derivatives of
A. Glycerophospholipids
B. Cholestrol
C. Sulfolipids
D. Archaebacterial tetraether lipids
E. Fatty acids
ANSWER: B
All of the following are types of steroids EXCEPT..
A. Cholesterol
B. Estrogen
C. Insulin
D. Testosterone
E. Progesterone
ANSWER: C
Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things?
A. Carboxylic acid
B. Lipids
C. Nucleic acids
D. Proteins
E. Alcohols
ANSWER: B
When a fatty acid is completely filled with hydrogen and has no double bonds, it’s known as:
A. Dehydrogenated
B. Unsaturated
C. Polyunsaturated
D. Saturated
E. Concentrated
ANSWER: D
Heart healthier fats are generally liquid at room and body temperature because?
A. They contain no double bonds
B. They have no hydrogen in them
C. They are made from straight fatty acids
D. *They are made from bent fatty acids
E. They are made from saturated fatty acids
ANSWER: D
Which of the following characteristics do all lipid molecules have in common?
A. They are composed of three six-sided rings and one five-sided ring.
B. They consist of three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule.
C. They are all hydrophobic.
D. They are made entirely of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.
E. They are all hydrophilic
ANSWER: C
What is a major difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
A. Unsaturated fats have a flat molecular structure, but saturated fats are kinked.
B. Saturated fat molecules are packed together loosely, but unsaturated fats are tightly packed.
C. Unsaturated fats contain carbon-to-carbon double bonds, but saturated fats don't.
D. Saturated fats have three long hydrocarbon chains, but unsaturated fats have only two.
E. At room temperature, saturated fats are liquid and unsaturated fats are solid.
ANSWER: C
Which of the following best describes the structure of the plasma membrane?
A. A double layer of proteins
B. A single layer of lipids with proteins embedded in it
C. A double layer of carbohydrates with proteins embedded in it
D. A double layer of lipids with proteins embedded in it
E. A single layer of proteins
ANSWER: D
Each of the following is a lipid EXCEPT
A. Steroids.
B. Cholesterol.
C. Fat.
D. Phospholipids.
E. Cellulose.
ANSWER: E
The interior of a phospholipid bilayer is
A. Hydrogenated.
B. Hydrophilic.
C. Hydrophobic.
D. Proteinaceous.
E. More branched
ANSWER: C
Neutral triglycerides are composed of:
A. Carboxylic acids
B. Unsaturated fatty acids
C. Sodium salts of fatty acids
D. Calcium and/or magnesium salts of fatty acids
E. Glycerol and 3 fatty acids
ANSWER: E
Phosphoglycerides are composed of:
A. Glycerol, 3 fatty acids and phosphate
B. 2 Fatty acids, a glycerol, an amine and phosphate
C. 2 Amines, glycerol and 2 fatty acids
D. Glycerol phosphate and 3 fatty acids
E. Sphingosine, phosphate, a fatty acid and choline
ANSWER: B
Sphingomyelin is:
A. Glycerol, 3 fatty acids and phosphate
B. 2 Fatty acids, a glycerol, an amine and phosphate
C. 2 Amines, glycerol and 2 fatty acids
D. Glycerol phosphate and 3 fatty acids
E. Sphingosine, phosphate, a fatty acid and choline
ANSWER: E
Fatty acids are important components of many lipids. For which of the following lipid classes or
lipid derivatives are fatty acids not a significant component?
A. Phospholipids
B. Triglycerides
C. Waxes
D. Steroids
E. Sphingolipids
ANSWER: D
DNA and RNA contain:
A. Pentoses
B. Hexoses
C. Fructoses
D. Maltoses
E. Amyloses
ANSWER: A
DNA is the genetic material in cells. The building blocks of DNA are:
A. Amino acids
B. Monosaccharides
C. Disaccharides
D. Nucleotides
E. Nucleosides
ANSWER: D
Which of the following is a purine base?
A. Adenine
B. Cytosine
C. Uracil
D. Thymine
E. Rybose
ANSWER: A
Base pairing takes place between complementary bases in DNA. Only one of the pairs below is
correct for a pair of complementary bases in DNA – which is it?
A. Uracil and thymine
B. Guanine and cytosine
C. Adenine and cytosine
D. Guanine and adenine
E. Uracil and guanine
ANSWER: B
Which one of the following nucleotides is present in RNA but is not present in DNA?
A. Thymine
B. Uracil
C. Guanine
D. Adenine
E. Cytosine
ANSWER: B
RNA contains:
A. Double strands of ribonucleotides which form helical assemblies
B. Single strands of deoxyribonucleotides
C. Single strands of ribonucleotides
D. Double strands of deoxyribonucleotides which form helical assemblies
E. Double strands of ribonucleosides which form helical assemblies
ANSWER: C
Which nucleobase in RNA forms a complementary base pair with uracil?
A. Adenine
B. Cytosine
C. Guanine
D. Thymine
E. Pyrine
ANSWER: A
A compound found in living things that supplies the energy in cells is...
A. Phosphate
B. RNA
C. ATP
D. Alcohol
E. Nitrogen base
ANSWER: C
Nucleic acids include
A. Chlorophyll and retinal
B. DNA and RNA
C. Lipids and sugars
D. Glucose and glycogen
E. Aminoacids and proteins
ANSWER: B
Which of the following molecules determines the characteristics of an organism?
A. Lipids
B. Steroids
C. ATP
D. DNA
E. Carbohydrates
ANSWER: D
All the following are nitrogen bases found in DNA except...
A. Adenine
B. Uracil
C. Thymine
D. Guanine
E. Cytosine
ANSWER: B
A cell that has high energy requirements will have a particularly large amount of which molecule,
relative to other molecules?
A. Phospholipids
B. DNA
C. ATP
D. Alcohol
E. RNA
ANSWER: C
A molecule shaped like a double helix (spiral staircase) is?
A. RNA
B. DNA
C. ATP
D. Cholesterol
E. Starch
ANSWER: B
How does ATP provide energy to a cell?
A. It loses a phosphate group, releasing energy in the process
B. It shuttles electrons across the mitochondrial membrane to create potential energy
C. It releases protons, which are used in the mitochondrion to create energy
D. It releases electrons, which are a source of energy
E. It adds a phosphate group, releasing energy in the process
ANSWER: A
Which of the following is not a common component of both DNA and RNA?
A. Ribose
B. Phosphate
C. Cytosine
D. Adenine
E. Guanine
ANSWER: A
Which of the following is not a component of RNA?
A. Adenine
B. Phosphate
C. Cytosine
D. Thymine
E. Guanine
ANSWER: D
Which of the following is purine base?
A. Guanine
B. Indole
C. Cytosine
D. Thymine
E. Uracil
ANSWER: A
Which of the following is NOT a valid comparison between DNA and RNA?
A. Adenine - thymine
B. Deoxyribose - ribose
C. Double stranded - single stranded
D. Found in nucleus - found in cytoplasm
E. Adenine -uracil
ANSWER: A
What does the t in tRNA represent?
A. Translation
B. Transpolymerase
C. Transcription
D. Transfer
E. Transformation
ANSWER: D
Which of the following identify and move amino acids to the site of protein production?
A. mRNA
B. tRNA
C. iRNA
D. rRNA
E. DNA
ANSWER: B
The amino acid pool…:
A. Are the amino acids stored in the liver.
B. Are the amino acids of blood protein.
C. Is all the amino acids available within the tissue and body fluids.
D. Is the concentration of amino acids in a food.
E. Are the amino acids recycled from the break down of proteins.
ANSWER: C
Select the best definition of an enzyme.
A. An enzyme is an amino acid that speeds up chemical reactions.
B. An enzyme is a protein that is consumed in the diet and aids in chemical reactions.
C. Enzymes are proteins that speed up metabolic reaction and are destroyed in the process.
D. An enzyme is an amino acid that is consumed in the diet and aids in chemical reactions.
E. An enzymes are proteins that speed up metabolic reaction but are not destroyed in the
process.
ANSWER: E
The bond that links two amino acids together is called a:
A. Peptide bond.
B. Covalent bond.
C. Ionic bond.
D. Hydrogen bond.
E. Denaturation bond.
ANSWER: A
Transamination is the
A. Reaction between two amino acids.
B. Reaction between an amino acid and fatty acid
C. Reaction between an amino acid and a ketoacid.
D. Reaction between an amino acid and an alcohol.
E. Reaction between an amino acid and a hydroxyacid.
ANSWER: C
The four subunits of the hemoglobin (Hb) gem represent protein's:
A. Simple structure.
B. Primary structure.
C. Secondary structure.
D. Tertiary structure.
E. Quaternary structure.
ANSWER: E
Amino acids that must be consumed in the diet are called:
A. Dispensable amino acids.
B. Non-essential amino acids.
C. Essential amino acids.
D. Free amino acid.
E. Dietary amino acids.
ANSWER: C