Circulatory and Respiratory Systems Review Sheet
1. Be able to match vocabulary with definitions
2. List the two functions of the circulatory system:
___(1) deliver nutrients and oxygen to all the cells of the body___
___(2) remove carbon dioxide and waste from all the cells of the body_
3. List the three parts of the circulatory system:
_____heart__________________________________
____blood__________________________________
____blood vessels________________________________________
4. What are the four parts of blood, and what does each part do?
______red blood cells: carry oxygen to the cells of the body___
______white blood cells: fight infection and destroy bacteria__
______platelets: help blood clot_____________________
______plasma: the liquid part of blood_____________________
5. Practice putting the steps of blood flow through the heart in order.
(On my website there is a sheet you can print and use to cut out the steps as flash cards.)
1. Blood travels through the veins toward the heart and enters the heart
at the right atrium
2. Blood passes through a valve into the right ventricle
3. Blood flows through a valve and out to the lungs
4. In the lungs, the blood releases waste and picks up oxygen
5. Blood re-enters the heart at the left atrium
6. Blood passes through a valve and into the left ventricle
7. After passing through a valve, the blood exits the heart through the
main artery called the aorta and out to all the body
6. What is hemoglobin and what does it do?
Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds to
oxygen and carries it to the body’s cells
7. What are the three main types of blood vessel, and what does each
do?
arteries: carry blood away from the heart
veins: carry blood back to the heart
capillaries: tiny blood vessels connecting arteries and veins; their walls are
one cell think, allowing nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and waste to
pass through
8. Understand the terms for the different parts of the heart, and what
the parts do. Be able to label a heart.
Atrium—one of the upper chambers of the heart; receive blood. (Right
atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body; left atrium receives
oxygenated blood from the lungs)
Ventricle—one of the lower chambers of the heart; pump blood out of
the heart (right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs; left
ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta)
Valves—one way doors in the heart, prevent blood from flowing the
wrong way
Septum—a wall of muscle that separates the deoxygenated blood on the
right side from the oxygenated blood on the left side
9. List three ways to keep your circulatory system healthy (be specific):
(1) Eat healthy food low in cholesterol, and low in saturated or trans fats
(2) Do exercises that increase your heart rate
(3) Don’t smoke
10. Be able to label the diagram of the respiratory system and know the
facts that go with each part
Nasal passage: warms and moistens air, and traps dust with mucus;
mucus moved to the throat (pharynx) by cilia
Pharynx: this is the throat; the respiratory and digestive systems share
this
Larynx: the voicebox; the muscle and cartilage where 2 vocal cords are
located—they stretch across the opening of the larynx
Trachea: this is the windpipe; this is a tube made of rings of cartilage;
has cilia that move mucus up the trachea toward pharynx
Bronchi (bronchial tubes): These are tubes that deliver air from the
mouth and nose into the lungs; the larger ones also have cilia
Pleura: a moist membrane that forms an airtight seal, surrounds the
lungs, chest cavity
Bronchiole: smallest and thinnest air tubes in the lungs
Alveoli: tiny air sacs in the lungs where gasses are exchanged with the
capillaries
Diaphragm—a dome shaped sheet of muscle that forms the bottom of
the chest cavity; when it contracts and moves down, you inhale
11. Know the 2 main functions of the respiratory system
(1) takes oxygen from the outside environment into the body
(2) removes carbon dioxide and water from the body
12. Be able to list two ways to keep your respiratory system healthy
(1) don’t smoke!
(2) do exercise that increases breathing rate
13. Understand how your body protects your lungs
(1) the epiglottis: this is a cartilage “flap” that closes the opening to the
trachea when you swallow; it prevents food or liquid from going down
the trachea and into the lungs
(2) mucus: Mucus helps moisten and warm the air you take in, and also
helps trap dust and dirt particles before they get down into your lungs.
Mucus is moved along the nasal passages and trachea by cilia.
(3) the ribs help protect the lungs from injury
(4) coughing and sneezing: When dirt or bacteria irritate the nose or
throat, a sneeze helps to propel the irritant out of the body. Similarly,
when the trachea is irritated, a cough forcefully propels the irritant out
14. Understand how the circulatory system and the respiratory system
work together
They are very interconnected. The respiratory system takes oxygen
into the lungs. When blood reaches the capillaries surrounding the
alveoli of the lungs, the blood picks up oxygen, and releases carbon
dioxide and water. The heart pumps the blood which carries the oxygen
through the blood vessels to all the cells of the body. The blood also
carries nutrients. In the cells, when oxygen and the nutrient glucose
have a chemical reaction, they provide energy for the cell, and produce
carbon dioxide and water. These are carried in the blood back to the
heart, where gas exchange happens again in the alveoli, and these wastes
are breathed out.