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Latin II
Chapter Eighteen
Notes
Nomen mihi est _________________
Hodie est ______________________
Chapter 18 Vocabulary
Nouns
nominative
flumen
genitive
gender
meaning
genus
hostis
ludus
probitas
scientia
Adjectives
masculine
clarus
feminine
neuter
meaning
mortalis
Adverbs
Latin
cur
Verbs
1st prin. part
fluo
lego
misceo
moveo
videor
English
2nd prin. part
Latin
deinde
3rd prin. part
English
4th prin. part
meaning
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definition
Voice of Verbs
refers to the person who does or receives the action
active
subject does the action; is responsible for what is happening
passive
subject receives the action; is not responsible for what is happen.
Change the following sentences from active to passive or passive to active.
original
He is telling a story. active
changed
The story is being told by him.
original
She will be saved by the gods. passive
changed
The gods will save her.
original
He named his daughter Helen. active
changed
His daughter was named Helen by him.
Present Active & Passive Verb Endings
In English the word order of the sentence and the helping verbs tell us whether
the subject was active or passive. In Latin different verb endings are used.
person
1st
Present Active Verb Endings
singular Latin
English
plural Latin
m, o
I
mus
English
we
2nd
s
you
tis
all of you
3rd
t
he,she,it
nt
they
person
1st
Present Passive Verb Endings
singular Latin
English
plural Latin
r, or
I
mur
English
we
2nd
ris
you
mini
all of you
3rd
tur
he,she,it
ntur
they
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Present System of 1st & 2nd Conjugation Verbs
Present Tense of 1st & 2nd conjugation Verbs:
tense
present
rule:
present stem (-re)
present verb endings (A or P)
Except the 1st principal part is ALWAYS used for the 1st sing.
Add “r” to the 1st principal part to make it passive.
Present Stem = 2nd Principal Part – “re”
1st & 2nd p. part
stem
1st & 2nd p. part
laudo, laudare
lauda
moneo, monēre
stem
monē
habeo, habēre
erra
habē
erro, errare
The Present Active Tense of laudo, laudare is:
person
singular – Latin
plural – Latin
st
1
laudo
laudamus
2nd
laudas
laudatis
3rd
laudat
laudant
person
1st
singular – English
I am praising
plural – English
we are praising
2nd
you are praising
all of you are praising
3rd
he,she,it is praising
they are praising
The Present Passive Tense of laudo, laudare is:
person
singular – Latin
plural – Latin
st
1
laudor
laudamur
2nd
laudaris
laudamini
3rd
laudatur
laudantur
person
1st
singular – English
I am (being) praised
plural – English
we are (being) praised
2nd
you are (being) praised
all of you are (being) praised
3rd
he,she,it is (being) praised
they are (being) praised
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The Present Active Tense of moneo, monēre is:
person
singular – Latin
plural – Latin
st
1
monēo
monēmus
2nd
monēs
monētis
3rd
monet
monent
person
1st
singular – English
I am warning
plural – English
we are warning
2nd
you are warning
all of you are warning
3rd
he,she,it is warning
they are warning
The Present Passive Tense of moneo, monēre is:
person
singular – Latin
plural – Latin
st
1
monēor
monēmur
2nd
monēris
monēmini
3rd
monetur
monentur
person
1st
singular – English
I am (being) warned
plural – English
we are (being) warned
2nd
you are (being) warned
all of you are (being) warned
3rd
he,she,it is (being) warned
they are (being) warned
The Present Active Tense of taceo, tacēre, tacui, tacitum is:
person
singular – Latin
plural – Latin
st
1
taceo
tacēmus
2nd
tacēs
tacētis
3rd
tacet
tacent
The Present Passive Tense of taceo, tacēre, tacui, tacitum is:
person
singular – Latin
plural – Latin
st
1
taceor
tacēmur
2nd
tacēris
tacēmini
3rd
tacetur
tacentur
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tense
Imperfect Tense of 1st & 2nd conjugation Verbs:
rule: present stem + “ba” present verb endings
imperfect
was, were
used to
kept on
The Imperfect Active Tense of laudo, laudare is:
person
singular – Latin
plural – Latin
st
1
laudabam
laudabamus
2nd
laudabas
laudabatis
3rd
laudabat
laudabant
person
1st
singular – English
I was praising
plural – English
we were praising
2nd
you were praising
all of you were praising
3rd
he,she,it was praising
they were praising
The Imperfect Passive Tense of laudo, laudare is:
person
singular – Latin
plural – Latin
st
1
laudabar
laudabamur
2nd
laudabaris
laudabamini
3rd
laudabatur
laudabantur
person
1st
singular – English
I was (being) praised
plural – English
we were (being) praised
2nd
you were (being) praised
all of you were (being) praised
3rd
he,she,it was (being) praised
they were (being) praised
The Imperfect Active Tense of moneo, monē---re is:
person
singular – Latin
plural – Latin
st
1
monēbam = I was warning
monēbamus
2nd
monēbas
monēbatis
3rd
monēbat
monēbant
The Imperfect Passive Tense of moneo, monēre is:
person
singular – Latin
plural – Latin
1st
monēbar = I was warned (by…)
monēbamur
2nd
monēbaris
monēbamini
3rd
monēbatur
monēbantur
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tense
Future Tense of 1st & 2nd conjugation Verbs:
rule: present stem + b, be, bi, bu + present verb endings
future
present stem
b
be
bi
bu
present verb endings
person
1st
Future Tense Signs w/ Active Verb Endings
singular Latin
English
plural Latin
English
bo
I shall
bimus
We shall
2nd
bis
you will
bitis
all of you will
3rd
bit
he,she,it will
bunt
they will
person
1st
Future Tense Signs w/ Passive Verb Endings
singular Latin English
plur. Latin English
bor
I shall be –ed
bimur
we shall be –ed
2nd
beris
you will be –ed
3rd
bitur
(s)he,it will be –ed buntur
bimini
you all will be –ed
they will be –ed
The Future Active Tense of laudo, laudare is:
person
singular – Latin
plural – Latin
st
1
laudabo
laudabimus
2nd
laudabis
laudabitis
3rd
laudabit
laudabunt
person
1st
singular – English
I shall be praising
plural – English
We shall be praising
2nd
you will be praising
all of you will be praising
3rd
he,she,it will be praising
they will be praising
The Future Passive Tense of laudo, laudare is:
person
singular – Latin
plural – Latin
1st
laudabor
laudabimur
2nd
laudaberis
laudabimini
3rd
laudabitur
laudabuntur
person
1st
singular – English
I shall be praised
plural – English
We shall be praised
2nd
you will be praised
all of you will be praised
3rd
he,she,it will be praised
they will be praised
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The Future Active Tense of moneo, monēre is:
person
singular – Latin
plural – Latin
st
1
monēbo
monēbimus
2nd
monēbis
monēbitis
3rd
monēbit
monēbunt
person
1st
singular – English
I shall warn
plural – English
We shall warn
2nd
You will warn
All of you will warn
3rd
He,she,it will warn
They will warn
The Future Passive Tense of moneo, monēre is:
person
singular – Latin
plural – Latin
st
1
monēbor
monēbimur
2nd
monēberis
monēbimini
3rd
monēbitur
monēbuntur
person
1st
singular – English
I shall be warned
plural – English
We shall be warned
2nd
You will be warned
All of you will be warned
3rd
He,she,it will be warned
They will be warned
The Future Active Tense of taceo, tacēre, tacui, tacitum is:
person
singular – Latin
plural – Latin
st
1
tacēbo
tacēbimus
2nd
tacēbis
tacēbitis
3rd
tacēbit
tacēbunt
The Future Passive Tense of taceo, tacēre, tacui, tacitum is:
person
singular – Latin
plural – Latin
1st
tacēbor
tacēbimur
2nd
tacēberis
tacēbimini
3rd
tacēbitur
tacēbuntur
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Present Passive Infinitive of 1st & 2nd Conjugation Verbs:
Definition:
verb acting as a noun
Grammar:
Active: 2nd principal part
Passive: 2nd p.p. “e” to “i”
Translation:
Active: = to …
Passive: to be -ed
The present infinitives of laudo, laudare are:
voice
Latin
English
active
laudare
to praise
passive
laudari
to be praised
The present infinitives of moneo, monēre are:
voice
Latin
English
active
monēre
to warn
passive
purpose
monēri
to be warned
Identify and Translate the Ablative of Personal Agent:
does the action of a passive verb: aka “secret agent man”
Latin
ā or ab + ablative case
English
ā or ab = by ….
Examples:
a. Caesar ā dis monetur.
Caesar is being warned by the gods.
b. Urbs ab malis viris delēbatur.
The city was being destroyed by evil men.
c. Discipuli boni ā magistro laudabuntur; mali ā magistrā punientur.
Good students will be praised by the teacher; bad students will be punished
by the teacher.
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