AVIAN BRAIN NOMENCLATURE FORUM
18-20 JULY, 2002 - DURHAM (NC, USA)
PROPOSAL FOR NEW NOMENCLATURE - 2 July 2002
Loreta Medina
This proposal is a revised version of a previous one done in collaboration with Luis Puelles, to which I have incorporated some suggestions done by some
avietaers (to whom I am very grateful). I thank long and productive discussions on the development and evolution of the brain, and on a possible new avian
brain nomenclature maintained during several years with Luis Puelles. I also thank discussions and input on a possible new avian brain nomenclature from
George Paxinos and Salvador Martínez, as well as comments and criticisms to previous versions of this proposal provided by Georg Striedter, David Perkel,
Christoph Redies, Harvey Karten, Erich Jarvis, Tony Reiner, Laura Bruce, Wayne Kuenzel, Gregory F. Ball, Andras Csillag and all participants of the avi-eater
list. Finally, I would like to add that -in a similar spirit to that clarified by Georg Striedter, David Perkel, Tony Reiner, Andras Csillag and all other participants
at the Forum- I will go to this meeting with an open mind, prepared to debate the different issues, and happy to support any other proposal or part of it that seems
appropiate. Nomenclature in colored text represents homologous names with mammals.
KARTEN-HODOS-1967 and OTHER1
TERM
ABBREV.
____________________________________________
MEDINA2-2002
TERM
ABBREV.
_______________________________________
PALLIUM - P
* Hippocampal complex (medial part of the pallium) - H
Hippocampus
Area parahippocampalis
Area corticoidea dorsolateralis
Hp
APH
CDL
NO CHANGE
NO CHANGE
NO CHANGE or change to caudolateral APH - APHcl
* Wulst (dorsomedial part of the pallium) - W (Alternatives: dorsal pallium or dorsomedial pallium - D or DM)
Hyperstriatum accesorium
Hyperstriatum dorsale
Hyperstriatum intercalatus superior
Interstitial nucleus of HA
(Karten et al., 1973)
Hyperstriatum laterale
HA
HD
HIS
IHA
area 1 of Wulst
area 3 of Wulst
area 2 of Wulst
Interstitial nucleus of Wulst
W1
W3
W2
WN
HL
superficial lateral Wulst
WLs
1
Also includes areas or nuclei newly described in the pigeon/chicken brain after the Karten and Hodos atlas, as well as specific areas or nuclei described in vocal
learning birds, such as oscine songbirds (zebra finch, canary, etc.) or budgerigars (parrot). Some references are given for these additional areas or nuclei.
2
For clarity, homology-based proposed terms are introduced in pink colour. In some cases, alternative names are given between parenthesis.
1
(Shimizu and Karten, 1990)
KARTEN-HODOS-1967 and OTHER*
TERM
ABBREV.
________________________________________________
MEDINA-2002
TERM
ABBREV.
____________________________________________
* Intermediate pallium (intermediate part of the pallium) - I
Hyperstriatum ventrale
HV
Intermediate pallium
Hyperstriatum ventrale dorso-ventrale
HVdv
Dorsointermediate pallium
Hyperstriatum ventrale ventro-ventrale
HVvv
Ventrointermediate pallium
Nucleus of the HV
HVn
Nucleus of the intermediate pallium
(Redies et al., 2001)
Specific auditory/vocal-related areas/nuclei in the intermediate pallium of vocal learning birds
Oval nucleus of the anterior HV
HVo
Oval nucleus of the anterior I
(budgerigar; Striedter, 1994; Durand
et al., 1997; Jarvis and Mello, 2000).
I
ID
IV
In
HVo complex (vocal anteromedial field
of HV; Jarvis and Mello, 2000)
HVoc
Ino complex (vocal anteromed.
field of I)
Inoc
Lateral nucleus of the anterior HV
(budgerigar; Jarvis and Mello, 2000).
lAHV
Lateral nucleus of the anterior I
Inl
Caudomedial region of HV
(budgerigar/songbird; Mello et al., 1992;
Jarvis and Mello, 2000)
CMHV
Caudomedial region of interm. pall.
CMI
Ino
* Epistriatal pallium (ventral part of the pallium) - E (Alternative: ventral pallium or V)
Neostriatum
Neostriatum caudale
Neostriatum caudolaterale
N
NC
NCL
Epistriatal pallium
Epistriatal caudal pallium
Caudolateral epiestriatal pallium
E
EC
ECL
2
(Kröner and Güntürkün, 1999)
KARTEN-HODOS-1967 and OTHER*
MEDINA-2002
TERM
ABBREV.
TERM
ABBREV.
________________________________________________
____________________________________________
Neostriatum dorsale (or dorsocaudal)
Nd/Ndc
Dorsocaudal epistriatal pallium
Ed or Edc
(Wild, 1994; Metzger et al., 1998;
Kröner and Güntürkün, 1999)
Neostriatum frontale
NF
Epistriatal frontal pallium
EF
Neostriatum intermedium
NI
Epistriatal intermediate pallium
EI
Neostriatal island field
NIF
Epistriatal island field
EIF
(Redies et al., 2001)
Lateral Neostriatum
NL
Lateral epistriatal pallium
EL
(Striedter, 1984; Redies et al., 2001)
Ectostriatum
Ec
Ectostriatal pallium
Ec
Field L
L
Field L
L
Nucleus basalis
Bas
Nucleus basalis trigemini
BT
Specific auditory/vocal-related areas/nuclei in the epistriatal/caudolateral pallium of vocal learning birds
Magnocellular nucleus of
MAN
Magnocellular nucleus of the
MAE
anterior neostriatum ( songbirds;
anterior epistriatal pallium
Nottebohm et al.,1982; Bottjer et al., 1989)
Oval nucleus of the anterior neostriatum
NAo
(budgerigar, Brauth et al., 1994; Durand
et al., 1997; Jarvis and Mello, 2000;
proposed comparable to MAN of songbirds)
Oval nucleus of the anterior E
EAo
NAo complex
(budgerigar; Jarvis and Mello, 2000)
EAo complex
EAoc
Lateral nucleus of the frontal or
anterior E
EFl or EAl
NAoc
Lateral nucleus of the frontal or anterior
NFl or lAN
neostriatum (budgerigar, Striedter, 1994;
Durand et al., 1997; Jarvis and Mello 2000)
3
KARTEN-HODOS-1967 and OTHER*
TERM
ABBREV.
________________________________________________
MEDINA-2002
TERM
ABBREV.
____________________________________________
Central nucleus of the lateral neostriatum NLc
(budgerigar; Striedter, 1994, Durand et al.,
1997; Jarvis and Mello, 2000)
Lateral nucleus of the lateral E
ELc
Supracentral nucleus of NL
(budgerigar; Striedter, 1994)
NLs
Supracentral nucleus of EL
ELs
High vocal center (in NCL)
(songbirds; Nottebohm et al., 1976;
Fortune and Margoliah, 1995)
HVc/HVC
High vocal center (in CL)
HVC
HVC shelf
shelf
(songbirds; Wild, 1994; Vates et al., 1996;
Mello et al., 1998; proposed comparable
to Nd of pigeon/chicken)
NO CHANGE
Para-HVC
(songbirds; Gahr et al., 1987; Foster
and Bottjer, 1998)
NO CHANGE
pHVC
Neostriatum intermedium p. dorsolateralis NIDL
(budgerigar; Brauth and McHale, 1988;
Jarvis and Mello, 2000; proposed
comparable to Nd of pigeon/chicken
and to HVC shelf of songbirds)
Dorsolateral epistriatal pallium
(located in ECL)
KARTEN-HODOS-1967 and OTHER*
MEDINA-2002
EDL
4
TERM
ABBREV.
________________________________________________
TERM
ABBREV.
____________________________________________
SUBPALLIUM/ENTOPEDUNCULAR AREA - SP/AEP
Lobus parolfactorius
LPO
Medial Striatum
STm
Rostromedial part of LPO
LPO
Nucleus Accumbens
Acc
Nucleus accumbens
Acc
Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis,
lateral part (Aste et al., 1998)
BSTl
Paleostriatum augmentatum
Paleostriatum primitivum
Nucleus intrapeduncularis
Septal Nuclei
Tuberculum olfactorium
PA
PP
INP
SL, SM, etc.
TO
Lateral Striatum
Dorsal Pallidum
NO CHANGE
NO CHANGE
NO CHANGE
STl
PAd
GABAergic neurons inside the
fasciculus prosencephalicus medialis
inside FPM
Ventral Pallidum
(Veenman and Reiner, 1994;
Medina and Reiner, 1997)
PAv
Large cholinergic neurons of the basal
none
forebrain partially invading the medial
and lateral prosencephalic bundles
(FPM, FPL) and pallidum (Medina and Reiner, 1994)
Basal magnocellular cell population
BM
KARTEN-HODOS-1967 and OTHER*
TERM
ABBREV.
MEDINA-2002
TERM
ABBREV.
5
________________________________________________
____________________________________________
Large cholinergic neurons in the fasciculus FDB
diagonalis Brocae
Nucleus of the diagonal band
(Medina and Reiner, 1994)
DB
Cell population around the anterior
commissure at the subpallium-preoptic
transition
Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis,
medial part (Aste et al., 1998)
BSTm
none
Specific auditory/vocal-related areas/nuclei in the subpallium of vocal learning birds
Area X of LPO
Area X
Area X of the medial striatum
(songbirds; Nottebohm et al., 1976;
Bottjer et al., 1989; Farries and Perkel, 2002)
Area X
Magnocellular nucleus of LPO
LPOm
(budgerigar; Jarvis and Mello, 2000;
proposed comparable to area X of songbirds)
Magnocellular nucleus of the
medial striatum
STmc
Caudal paleostriatum
PC
(budgerigar and songbirds; Jarvis and Mello, 2000)
Caudal striatum
CST
Amygdaloid complex
A
AMYGDALOID COMPLEX - A
Archistriatum
A
(divisions generally follow Zeier and Karten, 1971)
Archistriatum anterior
AA
Archistriatum intermedium
Ai
Archistriatum interm. pars dorsalis
Ad/Aid
Archistriatum interm. pars ventralis
Av/Aiv
KARTEN-HODOS-1967 and OTHER*
TERM
ABBREV.
_____________________________________________
Anterior amygdaloid area
AA
Intermediate amygdaloid area
Ai
Dorsointermediate amygdaloid area
Aid
Ventrointermediate amygdaloid area
Aiv
MEDINA-2002
TERM
ABBREV.
____________________________________________
6
Ventromedial nucleus of Ai
(Wild et al., 1993)
Archistriatum mediale
Archistriatum posterior
Nucleus Taeniae
Aivm
Ventromedial nucleus of Ai
Aivm
Am
Ap
Tn
Medial amygdaloid area
Posterior amygdaloid area
NO CHANGE
Am
Ap
Specific auditory/vocal-related areas/nuclei in the amygdaloid complex of vocal learning birds
Nucleus robustus archistriatalis
RA
Nucleus robustus of the amygd. compl.
(songbirds; Nottebohm et al., 1976;
(or robust amygdaloid nucleus)
Vicario, 1991; Wild, 1993; 1994)
RA
RA cup
(songbird; comparable to
Aivm of pigeon;Wild, 1994)
cup
NO CHANGE
Caudomedial archistriatum
(budgerigar; Jarvis and Mello, 2000;
proposed comparable to Aivm of
pigeons and to RA cup of songbirds)
ACM
Caudomedial amygdaloid area
ACM
Central nucleus of the anterior
archistriatum (bugderigar;
Striedter, 1994; Durand et al.,
1997; Jarvis and Mello, 2000)
AAc
Central nucleus of the AA
AAc
KARTEN-HODOS-1967 and OTHER*
TERM
ABBREV.
_____________________________________________
MEDINA-2002
TERM
ABBREV.
____________________________________________
7
INTRATELENCEPHALIC BOUNDARIES
Lamina medullaris dorsalis
Lamina hyperstriatica
Lamina frontalis superior
Lamina frontalis suprema
Lamina archistriatalis dorsalis
LMD
LH
LFS
LFM
LAD
Pallial-subpallial boundary
psb
Ventral pallial lamina
vpl
Intermediate pallial lamina
ipl
Dorsal pallial lamina
dpl
Dorsal amygdaloid lamina
lad or dal
(we propose to use lowcase letters for boundary abbreviations)
FIBER TRACTS
Tractus archistriatalis dorsalis
Tractus frontoarchistriaticus
Tractus thalamostriaticus
Tractus septomesencephalicus
Tractus occipitomesencephalicus
DA
FA
TTS
TSM
OM
Dorsal amygdaloid tract
Frontoamygdaloid tract
Thalamoepistriatal tract
Pallio-mesencephalic tract
Ventral amygdalofugal tract
DA or da
FA or fa
TE or te
PM or pm
VA or va
(capitals or lowcase?)
SOME BRAINSTEM AREAS RELATED TO THE TELENCEPHALON
Nucleus tegmenti pedunculo-pontinus,
pars compacta
TPc
KARTEN-HODOS-1967 and OTHER*
TERM
ABBREV.
_____________________________________________
Substantia nigra, pars compacta
(A9 dopaminergic cell group)
(Bailhache and Balthazar, 1993;
Reiner et al., 1994)
SNc (A9)
MEDINA-2002
TERM
ABBREV.
____________________________________________
8
Substantia nigra pars lateralis
SNL
(group of GABAergic neurons laterally
adjacent to SNc and connected with the
basal ganglia; Veenman and Reiner, 1994;
Medina and Reiner, 1997).
Substantia nigra pars reticulata
SNr
Area Ventralis of Tsai
AVT
Ventral tegmental area (A10
dopaminergic cell group;
Bailhache and Balthazar, 1993;
Reiner et al., 1994)
VTA (A10)
Locus coeruleus, rostral part
(levels 2.75-2.25 of pigeon atlas)
LoC (rostral part)
A8 dopaminergic cell group
(Bailhache and Balthazar, 1993;
Reiner et al., 1994)
A8
Tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus
(Medina and Reiner, 1994)
PPN
Subthalamic nucleus
(reasons explained in Jiao et al., 2000;
also Medina and Reiner, 1997; Reiner et
al., 1998).
STN
Cholinergic cell group of the rhombomere 1
tegmentum, that extends from the MPv
to the nucleus subcoeruleus (SC)
Anterior nucleus of the ansa lenticularis
ALa
* See footnote in first page.
9