Study Guide
Topic # 0001A
Nomenclature
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Definition
- Giving and using of names.
- Code for something of importance
- Codes things we will want to remember and use again
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Grouping and arrangement of organisms into a hierarchical order
Arrangement of organism resulting from classification procedures
Important aspect of classifications is their predictive value
Challenges of classification
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Greek scientist who tried to classify living things
Place all living things into two main groups -
- Plants are green and do not move
- Animals are not green and do move
More Modern Classification
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Scientists used Aristotle's classification for hundreds of years
More and more things were discovered
- Aristotle's system became because more plants and animals were being found
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In the eighteenth century, a scientist named reworked the system of classification
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First divided all living things into two main groups as Aristotle had.
- called
- A is the first and largest division of living things
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Linnaeus continued to subdivide the kingdoms
Called
Size is not used in this grouping
- Very specific traits based on appearance of certain parts are used
Phyla
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Plural of phylum
Can be divided into smaller groups, called
Largest division of a phylum
- Again divided into smaller groups
Seven Divisions in Classification
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The science of classification and the arrangement of plants and animals into
groups based on their natural relationships
Five Kingdoms
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Kingdom (Animalia)
- Includes invertebrates and vertebrates
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Kingdom (Plantae)
Kingdom
- Includes simple plants that lack chlorophyll
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Kingdom
- Bacteria and blue-green algae
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Kingdom
- Unicellular organisms with a true nucleus and chromosomes
Nomenclature
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Established by Linnaeus about 1758
Each species is given a "scientific name" consisting of Latin words
- The first (genus) is capitalized
- The second (subdivision of genus) is not capitalized
Binominal Nomenclature
(example)
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Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Family:
Genus:
Species:
NOMENCLATURE
Nomenclature

Definition
- Giving and using of names.
- Code for something of importance
- Codes things we will want to remember and use again
Classification



Grouping and arrangement of organisms into a hierarchical order
Arrangement of organism resulting from classification procedures
Important aspect of classifications is their predictive value
Challenges of classification
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
Not simple
Wide variety of living things
Specimens are not easy to find
Aristotle


Greek scientist who tried to classify living things
Place all living things into two main groups - plants and animals
- Plants are green and do not move
- Animals are not green and do move
More Modern Classification


Scientists used Aristotle's classification for hundreds of years
More and more things were discovered
- Aristotle's system became less helpful because more plants and animals were being
found

In the eighteenth century, a scientist named Linneaus reworked the system of
classification

First divided all living things into two main groups as Aristotle had.
- called kingdoms

A kingdom is the first and largest division of living things
- plants make up one kingdom
- animals make up the other

Linnaeus continued to subdivide the kingdoms

Called phylum
- Size is not used in this grouping
- Very specific traits based on appearance of certain parts are used
Phyla

Plural of phylum

Can be divided into smaller groups, called classes
- Largest division of a phylum
- Again divided into smaller groups
Seven Divisions in Classification
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





Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Taxonomy
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The science of classification and the arrangement of plants and animals into
groups based on their natural relationships
Five Kingdoms

Animal Kingdom (Animalia)
- Includes invertebrates and vertebrates
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Plant Kingdom (Plantae)
Fungi Kingdom
- Includes simple plants that lack chlorophyll
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Monera Kingdom
- Bacteria and blue-green algae
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Protista Kingdom
- Unicellular organisms with a true nucleus and chromosomes
Binomial Nomenclature
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Established by Linnaeus about 1758

Each species is given a "scientific name" consisting of two Latin words
- The first (genus) is capitalized
- The second (subdivision of genus) is not capitalized
Binominal Nomenclature
(example using cattle)
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Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Bovidae
Genus: Bos
Species: Bos taurus and Bos indicus