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Unit 3: Genetics
Unit Test Review
Period #
October 8, 2009
Part 1: The Big Picture. Fill in the guided notes while Mr. Jhaveri goes over the main themes in the unit.

Humans have 23 ____________________ made up of ________________________________________.

A specific area of a ____________________ that codes for one trait is called a ____________________.
o
DNA is made up two strands of ____________________ in a
________________________________________ shape.
o
A nucleotide is made up of a backbone (____________________ and
____________________) plus a ____________________.

Genetic information in the nucleotide is stored in the ____________________. The
bases are always in pairs. ____________________ is paired with
____________________, and ____________________ is paired with
____________________.

So, in order from biggest so smallest, it goes: ____________________, ____________________,
____________________.

Different alleles (____________________) of a gene code for different traits.

We can predict what traits children will have if we know their parents’ alleles, by making a
____________________ ____________________.

We get from a gene to a trait via ____________________. Those are the things that actually cause our
traits to express (occur).


But there’s a problem…
o
____________________ are found in the cell’s ____________________.
o
But ____________________ are made in the cell’s ____________________.
The solution
o
In ____________________ we re-write the DNA’s information as ____________________.

We make the ____________________ by pairing bases. ____________________ goes
with ____________________ and ____________________ goes with
____________________.
o
In ____________________, the mRNA information is read one ____________________ (which
is three ____________________) at a time to produce ____________________
____________________. When we put these amino acids together, we get proteins!

The big, fancy name for this process of transcription and translation is the ____________________
____________________ of ____________________ .
Part 2: Do you have the vocabulary down?
1. Chromosome: ___________________________________________________________________
2. DNA: __________________________________________________________________________
3. Gene: __________________________________________________________________________
4. Allele: __________________________________________________________________________
5. Genotype: ______________________________________________________________________
6. Phenotype: _____________________________________________________________________
7. Dominant: ______________________________________________________________________
8. Recessive: ______________________________________________________________________
9. Homozygous dominant: ____________________________________________________________
10. Homozygous recessive: ___________________________________________________________
11. Heterozygous: ___________________________________________________________________
12. Nucleotide: _____________________________________________________________________
13. DNA: __________________________________________________________________________
14. RNA: __________________________________________________________________________
15. Backbone: ______________________________________________________________________
16. Base: __________________________________________________________________________
17. Transcription: ____________________________________________________________________
18. Translation: _____________________________________________________________________
19. Codon: _________________________________________________________________________
20. Amino acid: _____________________________________________________________________
Part 3: Practice Transcription and Translation Knowledge and Skills
21. One strand of DNA reads: TCAGTC. What is the complementary DNA strand?
22. One strand of DNA reads: GGCTAA. What is the complementary RNA strand?
23. Translate the RNA you created in #22 into amino acids using your codon table.
24. Label the 3 parts of the nucleotide (DNA) in the diagram below:
25. Is this a picture of transcription or translation? How do you know?
26. Is this a picture of transcription or translation? How do you know?
Ribosome
27. Complete this chart comparing and contrasting DNA and RNA.
DNA
RNA
Shape and
number of strands
Type of sugar in
backbone
Nitrogenous
bases used
Is it made of
nucleotides?
Found where?
Part 4: Practice Punnett Square Skills
28. Wild bunnies can either be black (dominant) or white (recessive). What letters do you use to
represent each allele? How do you pick letters for alleles in general?
29. Pretend that bunny fur color is incompletely dominant. If a homozygous black bunny mates with a
homozygous white bunny, what percent of offspring will have black fur? Prove your answer by
making a Punnett square.
30. Pretend that bunny fur color is co-dominant. A homozygous black bunny and a heterozygous
bunny have babies? Solve the genotype and phenotype ratios. Prove your answer by making a
Punnett square.
31. Pretend that bunny fur color is co-dominant. If two heterozygous bunnies have babies, what
percent of offspring will have brown and grey spots? Prove your answer by making a Punnett
square.
32. Anthony is heterozygous for type A blood, and Deja is heterozygous for type B blood. What are the
chances that they will have a child who has Type AB blood? Prove your answer with a Punnett
square.
Part 5: Practice Pedigree Skills
33. Mikayla has the genotype DD for an allele that follows dominant inheritance. What term best
describes her phenotype? Explain why in the blank space.
a. Unaffected
b. Homozygous
c. Affected
d. Recessive trait
34. Yashira has the genotype Dd for an allele that follows recessive inheritance. What term best
describes her phenotype? Explain why in the blank space.
a. Unaffected
b. Homozygous
c. Affected
d. Recessive trait
35. Gavin has the genotype qq for an allele that follows recessive inheritance. What term best
describes his phenotype? Explain why in the blank space.
a. Unaffected
b. Homozygous
c. Affected
d. Recessive trait
36. Solve the pedigree below. Then, explain in the white space whether it is dominant inheritance or
recessive inheritance, and how you can tell.
37. Solve the pedigree below (figure out all the genotypes). Then, explain in the white space whether it
is dominant inheritance or recessive inheritance, and how you can tell.
38. The pedigree below shows colorblindness, which is sex-linked inheritance. Fill in the genotypes
for all individuals in the family.