17/03/2011 Date drawn up:
Date of latest revision:
Version number:
1.1. Product identifier
Name of the substance:
31/08/2011
1
Direct Reduced Iron (DRI)
Brand name:
N° CAS:
N° EINECS:
Reach status:
DRI - B
7439-89-6
231-096-4
Mono Constituent Substance
Company:
Website:
…………
…………
………….
………….
Legal Entities REACH Registration Numbers
…..
1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against
The main use of DRI is: Iron and Steel Production
See section 16 for description of Process category (PROC).
1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet
Department supplying safety information: ………….
.............
………….
………………..
E-mail:
1.4. Emergency telephone number
Emergency number:
Emergency Fax:
…….
……..
………..
Date of file: 31/08/2011 Page 1

2.1. Classification of the substance or mixture
This substance is not classified dangerous in the meaning of the European 67/548/EEC Directive and the
Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.
Effects on human health: The principal risk to human health presented by “iron” dust is related to the concentration of dust in the air acting as a nuisance dust. The higher the concentration of dust the greater the risk of irritation to the respiratory system and mechanical irritation to the eyes
Skin contact:
Eye contact:
Inhalation:
Risk of mechanical irritation
Mechanical irritation to the eyes.
Risk of irritation to the respiratory system.
See heading 11.
Ingestion:
Effects on environment:
None
This substance is not classified dangerous in the meaning of the European 67/548/EEC Directive and the Regulation
(EC) No 1272/2008.
2.2. Label elements
Not applicable.
2.3. Other hazards
Not applicable.
3.1. Substances
Description: Direct Reduced Iron [DRI] is a highly porous material, black grey metallic, formed by the reduction
(removal of oxygen) of iron ore at temperatures below the fusion point of iron. For the purposes of the International
Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes (IMSBC) code, DRI is designated as “DRI B”. This template does not cover Hot
Briquetted I ron (“DRI A”) or DRI/HBI fines (“DRI C”).
Chemical composition:
Degree of purity: > 80.0 % (w/w)
Constituent Typical concentration
> 80.0 % (w/w) Iron
EC no.: 231-096-4
Impurities
Impurity
Carbon
EC no.: 231-153-3
Silicon
EC no.: 231-130-8
Manganese
EC no.: 231-105-1
Phosphorus
EC no.: 231-768-7
Sulphur
EC no.: 231-722-6
< 6.0 % (w/w)
< 5.0 % (w/w)
< 2.0 % (w/w)
< 2.0 % (w/w)
< 0.4 % (w/w)
Typical concentration
Date of file: 31/08/2011 Page 2

4.1. Description of first aid measures
Eye contact: Wash immediately with plenty of water, by maintaining the eyelids open. Consult a specialist in the event of disorders.
Inhalation: In the event of accident by inhalation, move the victim away from the contaminated area, taking all necessary precautions, and make him rest. In the event of unconsciousness, put the victim on his side in the recovery position while waiting for medical help. In the event of respiratory disorders, provide respiratory assistance while waiting for medical help. Seek medical advice.
Ingestion: Do not provoke vomiting. Rinse the victim’s mouth (only if the person is conscious). Seek medical advice.
Skin contact: May cause mechanical irritation in contact with the skin, which can result in slight redness.
Rescuer Protection: Wear compulsory dust protection mask and glasses.
Specific first aids: None.
4.2. Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed
The principal risk to human health presented by “iron” dust is related to the concentration of dust in the air acting as a nuisance dust. The higher the concentration of dust the greater the risk of irritation to the respiratory system and mechanical irritation to the eyes
4.3. Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
See 4.1 above.
The temperature of DRI has a tendency to increase in the presence of oxygen either in the air or in water (e.g. through being wetted during transport and storage). When the temperature increases to over 150°C, self-heating occurs, with evolution of gaseous hydrogen when in contact with water, especially sea water.
5.1. Extinguishing media
Use extinguishing media appropriate to other substances stored in close proximity.
Suitable extinguishing process:
- Wear fire protective clothing; self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and carry a portable oxygen detector.
- Wear non-sparking footwear.
- Avoid all sources of ignition.
- Remove the hot material from the affected pile of DRI. On a ship, a clamshell bucket/grab may be used.
- All firemen must be informed that in the storage facilities inert gases (such as nitrogen) may be present.
- Early introduction of an inert gas to a smouldering pile of DRI may be effective.
- Divide hot material into small piles spread out to a depth of less than 0.5 m. The material will quickly cool to below the ignition point. In case this is not practical e.g. in a hold of a ship, coverage using a non-oxidising material (e.g. sand, or finely crushed slag) could be used to smother the fire and inhibit the air supply (the decision on whether or not to apply this technique would depend on circumstances of the emergency as the DRI would become contaminated).
- If water is used:
1) Use large amount of water to flood the material
2) Provide adequate ventilation to allow any gaseous hydrogen generated to escape to atmosphere.
- In case of fire, evacuate the area and contact the emergency services.
- Seek expert advice. Contact the supplier or shipper.
- Emergency Schedule to follow for packaged material: GOLF, as per IMDG Code
Date of file: 31/08/2011 Page 3

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
- Do not use CO
2
as CO may be formed. Do not use dry chemical.
- DO NOT USE EITHER FRESH WATER OR SEAWATER TO COOL DOWN HOT MATERIAL in enclosed spaces such a cargo hold on a ship, unless stri ctly necessary to keep integrity of vessel and under Master’s expertise.
5.2. Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
May produce toxic fumes when heated to decomposition (1,535 °C).
5.3. Advice for fire-fighters
Implement protection measures appropriate to substances stored in close proximity. Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full face piece operated in pressure-demand or positive-pressure mode and full protective clothing. Do not breathe vapours and move upwind of the cloud of fumes.
5.4. Other information
Recover extinguished substance and extinguishing medium for appropriate treatment.
Contaminated waste resulting from fire fighting operations must be disposed of in accordance with applicable regulations.
6.1. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Material in bulk: Collect and reuse where possible. Avoid creating dust.
Material in packaged form: Ventilate area if spilled into enclosed space. Use protective equipment as specified in
Section 8 below. Pick-up and place in a suitable container for reclamation or disposal.
Emergency Schedule to follow for spillage of packaged material: November / Oscar / Papa, as per IMDG Code.
6.2. Environmental precautions
Do not release into sewers or waterways.
6.3. Methods and material for containment and cleaning up
Fine, dry, cool materials should be removed by vacuuming or wet sweeping methods to prevent spreading of dust.
Collect material in appropriate, labelled containers for recovery or disposal in accordance with local regulations.
Any excess product should be recycled for further use, disposed in an appropriately permitted waste landfill, or disposed by other methods, which are in accordance with local regulations.
6.4. Reference to other sections
Not applicable
7.1. Precautions for safe handling
The material shall be kept dry at all times. Any material that has been wetted, or thought to have been wetted, shall not be loaded aboard maritime vessels (per IMSBC Code for DRI B).
7.2. Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
All firemen must be warned that inert gases (such as nitrogen) may be present in the storage facilities.
Storage of DRI inside Silos/Bins
- Storage silos/bins must be covered and protected against water ingress, e.g. rain and flooding.
- DRI silos/bins must be equipped with a nitrogen/dry seal gas purging system to pressurise and enable gas flow throughout the silo/bin, when DRI is present. The available capacity of nitrogen/seal gas for emergency use should be sufficient to cool down the entire silo/bin.
- Silos/bins and hoppers must be designed for complete discharge, with adequate bottom wall slopes to ensure that no material remains.
- Hydrogen probes should be installed at the highest level inside the silos/bins, connected to control rooms and monitored by operators. Any abnormal increase in hydrogen, coincident with a rise in temperature rise should be considered as very serious.
Date of file: 31/08/2011 Page 4

- Temperature sensors to monitor the internal temperature of the material should be installed in at least three levels of the silo/bin and connected to the control room for monitoring by operators.
- In the case of any re-oxidation activity inside the silos/bins, normally first the temperature rises, then in the advanced stages of the re-oxidation the hydrogen level in the silo/bin increases also.
- In case of reoxidation occurs and the DRI temperature rises above 65°C (150 °F), increased nitrogen flow will bring down the temperature. The time needed to stabilise the temperature with high nitrogen flow could amount to hours or days, depending on the conditions.
- In case the DRI temperature rises above 100°C (212 °F) and elevated hydrogen levels are present, it is better to block or isolate the silo/bin at the top and bottom (always leave a small venting aperture at the top in order to avoid gas pressure build up inside the silo/bin) and increase the flow of nitrogen. Wait until re-oxidation ceases and then empty the silo/bin.
Storage of DRI inside a warehouse and in open piles
- In all cases, it is recommended to have separate piles with limited height, maximum 5 metres.
- The piles should be accessible by personnel and front-end loader for inspection and, in case of emergency, to enable hot material to be removed.
- Temperature of DRI in the piles should be monitored daily using thermocouples (300 cm in length), measuring inside the DRI pile at different locations. In case of any re-oxidation activity with a temperature increase to more than 65°C (150 °F) in some areas (hot spots), the affected area should be isolated from the rest.
- Covered warehouses for storing DRI should have good ventilation systems or allow for sufficient natural draft of air through the entire warehouse.
- When DRI is stacked in the open air for a protracted period, it is recommended that the pile is covered with an impermeable barrier, such as a plastic sheet.
7.3. Specific end use(s)
Not applicable.
8.1. Control parameters
Exposure limit values in mg/m 3 1
Substance
United Kingdom – EL*
W* –TWA* W* – ST*
Dust 10(I) – 4(R) -
United States – ACGIH – TLV*
TWA*
-
ST* or C*
10(I) – 3(R)
Fe
2
O
3
Manganese as Mn
5 (fume) as Fe
0.5
10 (fume) as Fe
-
-
-
Silicon
Amorphous silica
(SiO
2
)
Phosphorus as P
2
O
5
10(I) – 4(R)
6(I) – 2.4(R)
1
--
-
2
5(R)
0.2
10
(withdrawn in 2006)
2(R)
(withdrawn in 2006)
-
-
-
-
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
Sulphur dioxide
35
9150
232
27400
29
9150
2
-
54800
5
NIC: 0.25ppm
1 TLVs and BEIs – USA ACGIH, 2008. California: Table AC-1Permissible Exposure Limits for chemical contaminants. Michigan: Department of consumer & industry services director’s office occupational health standards (as amended April 23, 2001). Minnesota: Subpart z -- Toxic and
Hazardous Substances 1910.1000-air contaminants. Washington: Evaluate and Control employee Exposures Chapter 296-841 WAC, table 3
Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) for airborne contaminants. Quebec: Règlement sur la santé et la sécurité du travail Incluant la Gazette officielle du 30 Janvier 2009). Ireland: 2007 Code of Practice for the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Chemical Agents) Regulations 2001
(S.I. No. 619 of 2001), Permissible exposure limits are published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Occupational Safety and Health
Standards on Toxic and Hazardous Substances, 29 CFR 1910.1000, Tables Z-1 and Z-3. NIOSH pocket guide to chemical hazards,
Department of Health and Human services Centers for disease control and prevention, National institute for occupational safety and health,
September 2007 DHHS (NIOSH) publication no. 2005-149. Occupational Health and Safety Act, Loi sur la santé et la sécurité au travail, R.R.O.
1990, REGULATION 833, Amended to O. Reg. 607/05, Ontario (December 2009). Alberta: Occupational Health and Safety Code 2009.
EH40/2005 Workplace exposure limits – United Kingdom, October 2007.
Date of file: 31/08/2011 Page 5

Substance
Dust
Fe
2
O
3 as Iron
Manganese as Mn
Silicon
Amorphous silica
(SiO
2
)
Phosphorus as P
2
O
5
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
Sulphur dioxide
Substance
Dust
Fe
2
O
3 as Iron
Manganese as Mn
Silicon
Amorphous silica (SiO
2
)
Phosphorus as P
2
O
5
Carbon
Monoxide
Carbon
Dioxide
Sulphur dioxide
United States – California – EL*
P*
10 – 5(R)
5 (fume)
ST*
-
-
0.2 (fume and compounds) 3 (fume) -
10 – 5(R) - -
C*
-
-
6 – 3(R) - -
United States – Michigan – EL*
TWA*
15 – 5(R)
10 (fume)
1 (fume) 3 (fume) 5 (compounds)
10 – 5(R)
6
ST*
-
29
9000
5
United States – Minnesota – EL*
P*
15 – 5(R)
10 (fume)
Total particulate
ST*
-
-
C*
-
-
1 (fume) 3 (fume) 5 (compounds)
10 – 5(R) - -
-
-
54000
10
-
232
-
-
-
40
18000
5
-
-
54000
10
-
229
-
-
United States – Washington – EL*
TWA*
15 – 5(R)
5
(dust and fume)
20
ST*
– 10(R)
10
(dust and fume)
Total particulate
C*
-
-
1 (fume)
10 – 5(R)
3 (fume)
20 – 10(R)
5 (compounds)
-
6
-
40
18000
5
-
-
-
54000
13
-
-
229
-
-
6
-
40
9150
2ppm
12
-
232 (5min)
54800
5ppm
-
-
-
-
C*
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1740
Substance
Dust
Fe
2
O
3
Manganese as Mn
Silicon
Amorphous silica (SiO
2
)
Phosphorus as
P
2
O
5
Carbon
Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
Sulphur dioxide
P*
United States –EL* (OSHA)
– TWA*
15 – 5(R)
10 (fume)
-
P* – C*
-
-
5
(fume and compounds)
15 – 5(R) -
-
-
55
9000
13
-
-
-
-
-
United States – EL* (NIOSH)
R* – TWA* R* – ST*
-
5 (fume and dust)
1
(fume and compounds)
10 – 5(R)
-
3
(fume and compounds)
-
6 -
- -
40
9000
5
229C
54000
13
Date of file: 31/08/2011 Page 6

Substance
Dust
Fe
2
O
3 as Iron
Canada – Quebec
VMEP*
10
5 (fume and dust)
VECD/P*
-
-
Ireland
TWA*
4 (R) – 10 (I)
5 (fumes)
–EL*
ST*
-
10 (fume)
Manganese as Mn 1 (fume); 5 (dust and compounds) 3 (fume) 1 (fume); 0.2 (compounds) 3 (fume)
Silicon 10 - 10 – 4(R) -
Amorphous silica
(SiO
2
)
Phosphorus as
P
2
O
5
Carbon Monoxide
2 (fumes)
-
40
-
-
230
6 – 2.4(R)
-
23
-
2
115
Carbon Dioxide 9000 54000 9000 27000
Sulphur dioxide 5.2 13 5 13
Substance
Dust
Fe
2
O
3
Manganese as Mn
TWA*
Canada – Alberta – EL*
ST* C*
-
5 (R)
-
-
-
-
0.2 - -
Canada – Ontario – EV*
TWA*
10 (I) – 3(R)
ST*
-
5 (R) -
0.2 -
C*
-
-
-
Silicon
Amorphous silica
(SiO
2
)
Phosphorus as P
2
O
5
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
Sulphur dioxide
-
-
-
29
9000
5.2
-
-
-
-
-
13
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
2(R) (fume)
-
29
9000
5.2
-
-
-
115
54000
13
-
-
-
-
-
-
Substance
Fe
2
Dust
O
3 as Fe
Manganese as Mn
Silicon
Amorphous silica
(SiO
2
)
Phosphorus as P
2
O
5
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
Sulphur dioxide
France
VME
10(I) – 5(A)
5
10
-
1
55
9000
3.25
5
VLE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
VL
10(I) – 3(A)
Belgium
5
10
2(A)
1
29
9131
3.25
4.5
VCD
-
-
-
-
-
-
54784
-
-
Substance
Dust
Fe
2
O
3
Silicon
Amorphous silica
(SiO
2
)
Phosphorus as P
2
O
5
Carbon Monoxide
Switzerland
VME
10(I) – 3(A)
3(A) as iron oxides
3(A)
0,3 (A) (fumes)
2 (I)
35
VLE
-
-
-
-
4 (I)
35
VL
-
-
-
-
1
-
Luxembourg
VCD
-
-
-
-
-
-
Carbon Dioxide
Sulphur dioxide
-
1.3
-
1.3
5000
-
-
-
Date of file: 31/08/2011 Page 7

Substance
Dust
Fe
2
O
3 as Fe
Silicon
Amorphous silica (SiO
2
)
Phosphorus as P
2
O
5
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
Sulphur dioxide
AGW
10(I) – 3(A)
-
-
4E
-
35
9100
-
Germany
MAK
-
-
-
-
2R
-
-
-
TRK
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Austria
Substance MAK
TRK
TRK/MAK
TMW ZMW TMW ZMW J
Dust - - - - -
Fe
2
O
3
10E, 5A 20E, 10A - - -
Silicon - - - - -
Amorphous silica (SiO
2
) 4E - - - -
Phosphorus as P
2
O
5
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
1 E 2E - - -
-
-
Sulphur dioxide
Long-term - local effects Inhalation
- - - - -
Abbreviations:
TLV: Threshold Limit Value
VEMP: Valeur d'Exposition Moyenne Pondérée
VECD/P: Valeur plafond
EV: Exposure Value
EL: Exposure Limit
P: Permissible
R: Recommended
W: Workplace
TWA: Time-Weighted Average
ST: Short-Term
C: Ceiling
NIC: Note of Intended Changes
VME : Valeur Moyenne d'Exposition
VLE : Valeur Limite d’Exposition
VL : Valeur Limite
VCD : Valeur courte durée
AGW: Arbeitsplatzgrenzwert – Deutschland seit 2006.
TRK: Technische Richtkonzentration – Deutschland bis zu 2005 und Österreichische Republik
MAK: Maximale ArbeitsplatzKonzentration – Deutschland bis zu 2005 und Österreichische Republik
Deutschland: Mit Inkrafttreten der GefStoffV am 23.12.2004 entfallen TRK-Werte. Als Orientierungswert werden dennoch die TRK-Werte und die MAK-Werte der alten GefStoffV angegeben.
TMW: Tagesmittelwert
KZW: MAK-Wert, Kurzzeitwerte
J: Jahresmittelwert
(A): alveolar fraction; (I): inhalable fraction; (R): respirable fraction
DN(M)ELs for workers
DNEL: 3 mg/m³
DN(M)ELs for the general population
33
9000
66
18000
-
-
-
-
Long-term - systemic effects
Long-term - local effects
Oral
Inhalation
DNEL: 0.71 mg/kg bw/day
DNEL: 1.5 mg/m³ 2
2 3.0 mg/m³ (based on Assessment Factor of 2)
Date of file: 31/08/2011 Page 8

Note:
* LD
50
: Lethal Dose 50: it is the amount of a solid or liquid material that it takes to kill 50% of test animals in one dose and in short time
* DNEL: Derived No Effect Level
* LOAEL: Low Observed Adverse Effect Level
* NOAEC: No Observed Adverse Effect Concentration
PNEC
A PNEC for iron is not required by REACH as the substance is non-hazardous. Further, calculation of a PNEC is difficult due to the rapid speciation changes and precipitation of iron that occurs in natural surface waters.
8.2. Exposure controls
Respiratory Protection: When fume or dust is generated, provide adequate general ventilation to ensure that the Occupational Exposure Limits are not exceeded. If necessary provide local fume extraction, with the correct capture hood and capture velocity to match the conditions.
As the last resort, suitable respiratory protective equipment should be provided for use by those at risk from inhalation of fumes: During handling dust may be generated and if ventilation is inadequate, the use of an FFP2 (EN 149:2001) type respirator is advisable.
Hand Protection: Use of canvas gloves is advisable.
Eye Protection: During handling (e.g. loading, unloading, cutting, etc.), dust may be generated, and the use of safety goggles is therefore advisable.
Skin/body Protection: Personal protective equipment should be selected based on the task being performed and the risks involved.
Emergency facilities:
Other information:
Environmental exposure controls:
Safety showers. Eye wash station.
Wear safety shoes.
Do not dispose directly into the sewer or into the natural environment.
Hygiene measures: Avoid contact with skin, eyes and mucous membranes.
Don’t eat or drink when working with DRI. Shower after work.
Wash hands, in particular before eating.
9.1. Information on basic physical and chemical properties
Appearance:
Odour: No detectable odour.
Important health, safety and environmental information pH:
Lumps and pellets: typical particle size range 6.35mm to
25mm. Black grey/metallic in colour.
Not relevant.
Melting point: 1150 to 1538 °C dependent upon the carbon content at 1013 hPa
Boiling point/boiling range: 2861 °C at 101 325 Pa
Flash point:
Flammability (solid, gas):
Not relevant.
Non-flammable.
Based on chemical structure, flammability in contact with water is not likely.
Date of file: 31/08/2011 Page 9

Explosive properties:
Oxidising properties:
Vapour pressure:
Surface tension:
Relative density:
Bulk density:
Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products:
Not relevant.
Not relevant.
Not relevant.
Not relevant.
approx. 7.80 g/cm 3 at 20 °C
1750 - 2000kg/m 3
Not relevant.
Water solubility: Iron powder is insoluble at 2 2°C. Metallic iron rapidly oxidizes to form Fe(II), then Fe(II) slowly oxidizes to Fe(III) which finally precipitates as Fe(OH)3 (rust red iron oxide)
Value used for CSA 3 : 0.015 mg/L at 22 °C
Partition Coefficient n-octanol/water: Not relevant.
Viscosity:
Vapour density:
Evaporation rate:
Radioactivity:
Not relevant.
Not relevant.
Not relevant.
None in all cases.
Self-ignition temperature Not auto flammable. Wet DRI in an oxidising atmosphere can satisfy all the conditions of a fire hazard. However, the standard, conventional test conditions for self-heating and reaction with water do not accurately reflect actual industrial conditions. DRI is not classified for self-heating and reaction with water.
9.2. Other information
Not applicable.
10.1. Reactivity
Reactive with oxidizing agents, acids.
Chlorine trifluoride reacts with iron with incandescence.
Under certain conditions DRI may react with oxygen and water (oxidation reactions).
10.2. Chemical stability
Under certain conditions DRI may react with oxygen and water (oxidation reactions).
10.3. Possibility of hazardous reactions
No known hazardous reactions.
10.4. Conditions to be avoided
Not identified.
10.5. Incompatible materials
Avoid contact with acids.
3 Chemical Safety Assessment
Date of file: 31/08/2011 Page 10

10.6. Hazardous decomposition products
Thermal oxidative decomposition can produce fumes containing oxides of iron and manganese as well as other elements.
May produce toxic fumes when heated to decomposition (1535 °C).
11.1. Information on toxicological effects
Classification of the substance: This substance is not classified dangerous in the meaning of the European 67/548/EEC Directive and the Regulation
(EC) No 1272/2008.
Effects on human health: The principal risk to human health presented by “iron” dust is related to the concentration of dust in the air acting as a nuisance dust. The higher the concentration of dust the greater the risk of irritation to the respiratory system and mechanical irritation to the eyes
Skin contact:
Eye contact:
Inhalation:
Risk of mechanical irritation
Mechanical irritation to the eyes.
Risk of irritation to the respiratory system. Chronic inhalation of excessive concentrations of fumes or dusts may result in the development of a benign pneumoconiosis.
Ingestion:
Hazard Data expressed as iron:
None.
Endpoint Dose descriptor Qualitative assessment
Acute toxicity oral
Acute toxicity dermal
Acute toxicity inhalation
Irritation / Corrosivity skin
Irritation / Corrosivity eye
LD
50
: 7500 mg/kg bw No acute oral toxicity
Due to a lack of systemic exposure after dermal exposure of the skin no acute toxicity is to be expected and thus no classification needed. discriminating conc.: 250 mg/m³ air No acute inhalation toxicity not irritating not irritating
Irritation / Corrosivity respiratory tract
Sensitisation
Sensitisation respiratory tract
Repeated dose toxicity: sub-acute / sub-chronic / chronic oral
Repeated dose toxicity: sub-acute / sub-chronic / chronic inhalation
LOAEL: 26 mg/kg bw/day (sub-chronic; rat)
Target organs: digestive: pancreas; digestive: liver; cardiovascular / hematological: heart
NOAEC: 5 mg/m³ (sub-acute; rat)
Target organs: respiratory: lung not irritating not sensitising not sensitising
No classification
No classification
Mutagenicity in vitro / in vivo
Date of file: 31/08/2011
Genetic toxicity: negative
12.1. Toxicity
This substance is not classified dangerous in the meaning of the European 67/548/EEC Directive and the
Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.
12.2. Persistence and degradability
For an inorganic substance, biotic degradation in the environment is irrelevant for the purposes of persistence and degradability.
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12.3. Bioaccumulative potential
Iron and its compounds are essential substances. Iron is an essential trace element, well regulated in all living organisms. The available evidence shows the absence of iron biomagnification across the trophic chain both in the aquatic and terrestrial food chains. The existing information suggests not only that iron does not biomagnify, but rather that it tends to exhibit biodilution.
12.4. Mobility in soil
Iron and its compounds are found in the form of hydroxides in the environment. They are stabilised in the form of oxides in the long term.
12.5. Results of PBT and vPvB assessment
As iron is not bio-available, owing to its extreme insolubility in water, it is not systemically available or bioaccumulative and hence it does not fulfil either of the PBT and vPvB criteria for classification.
12.6. Other adverse effects
Not applicable.
13.1. Waste treatment methods
Valorisation methods: Where possible, iron should be recycled for further use. In the event that recycling is not possible, material should be disposed of in an appropriately permitted landfill site or by other means, always in compliance with applicable regulations.
Used packaging cleaning, treatment, destruction procedures: Destruction of packaging in accordance with applicable regulations.
Methods of elimination: In the event of non-use, this substance must be eliminated in compliance with the applicable regulations.
Stowage & Segregation for shipping in maritime vessels
- “Separated from“goods of classes 1 (division 1.4S), 2, 3, 4 and 5, and class 8 acids in packaged form (See IMDG
Code).
- “Separated from” solid bulk materials of classes 4 and 5.
Goods of class 1, other than division 1.4S, shall not be carried in the same ship.
Walls of compartments where this cargo is carried shall be resistant to fire and passage of liquid.
14.1. UN number
Not applicable.
14.2. UN Proper shipping name
DRI (B), highly porous, black grey metallic formed by a reduction (removal of oxygen) of iron ore at temperatures below the fusion point of iron. Cold-moulted briquettes are defined as those which have been moulded at a temperature less than 650°C.
Chemical name: Iron Furnace / Direct Reduced Iron
14.3. Transport hazard class(es)
DRI Hazardous only in Bulk (MHB), group B
14.4. Packing group
Not applicable.
14.5. Environmental hazards
Not applicable.
14.6. Special precautions for user
Not applicable.
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14.7. Transport in bulk according to Annex II of the MARPOL73/78 convention and the IBC Code
Not applicable.
Remarks (also refer to International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code = IMSBC Code)
- The cargo spaces shall be clean, dry and free from salt and residues of previous cargoes. Prior to loading, wooden fixtures such as battens, loose dunnage, debris and combustible materials shall be removed.
- Measurement of Temperature: each hold must be equipped with at least three thermocouples that should be buried in the cargo. Thermocouples should be distributed on the top, centre and bottom of the hold. They could be placed level by level while the DRI is filling the hold. Temperature monitoring device or digital indicator should be easily accessible for reading. Temperature of the DRI during the voyage should be kept less than 65°C (150 °F).
- Measurement of Hydrogen: each hold must be equipped with at least two hydrogen detector sensors. These sensors to be located in the upper part of the hold and connected to the instrument control module indicator. Each indicator should be equipped with both Warn and Alarm indicator with following settings: Warn: concentration of 1% hydrogen, Alarm: concentration of 3% hydrogen.
- Hydrogen content of the atmosphere inside the hold should be maintained less than 1%. The concentration of hydrogen in the free space has stabilised and is less than 0.2 per cent by volume (i.e. 5 per cent LEL).
- Measurement of Oxygen: it is recommended to have at least one oxygen detector system in each hold. Keeping low oxygen levels in each hold assures a non-active environment. Oxygen content of the atmosphere inside the hold is recommended (shall be) less than 5%.
- Carriage is only permitted under an inert gas blanket.
- Prior to loading, provision shall be made to introduce a dry inert gas at tank top level. Nitrogen is preferred. All vents and openings shall be sealed to prevent the loss of the inert atmosphere.
- Carbon Dioxide/Nitrogen Purging system: in addition to the above, the ship must be equipped with a standard
CO
2
or N
2
system, capable of flooding any cargo area. Steel pipes are recommended to be installed in each hold to allow nitrogen gas purging from bottom of the cargo after loading.
- Hold Cover: the vessel must be equipped with hold covers. The cover doors should be able to cover the area of each hold with good overlap. The preferred vessels have McGregor-Type hatch covers.
- During handling of the cargo, “ NO SMOKING” signs shall be posted and no naked lights or other ignition sources permitted.
- Suitable precautions shall be taken before entering cargo spaces, which may be depleted of oxygen and/or contain a flammable atmosphere.
- The cargo shall be certified as having been aged for at least 3 days, or treated so as to achieve the equivalent reduction in reactivity.
- The cargo shall be kept dry at all times. Any cargo that has been wetted, or thought to have been wetted, shall not be loaded.
- Loading conveyors shall be dry.
- Prior to loading, an ultrasonic test or another equivalent method with a suitable instrument shall be conducted to ensure weather tightness of the hatch covers and closing arrangements.
- The moisture content shall less than 0.3 per cent by weight and shall be monitored during loading.
- Any cargo that has already been loaded into a cargo space and which subsequently becomes wetted, or in which reactions have started, shall be discharged without delay.
- During precipitation/rain, all cargo discharge operations shall be suspended and holds containing cargo shall be closed.
- The breakage of briquettes and pellets/lumps shall be minimised and the addition of fines shall be prohibited.
- All loaded cargo spaces shall be correctly sealed and inerted;
-The cargo spaces shall remain tightly sealed and the inert condition maintained throughout the voyage.
- The ship shall be provided with detectors suitable for measuring hydrogen and oxygen in a flammable atmosphere.
15.1. Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture
Not identified.
E.U. compulsory labelling: Not relevant.
15.2. Chemical safety assessment
A chemical safety assessment has been performed.
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Sources:
Process category (PROC):
Iron Reach dossier 4
International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code
PROC 2: Use in closed, continuous process with occasional controlled exposure
PROC 3: Use in closed batch process (synthesis or formulation)
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes for formulation of preparations and articles (multistage and/or significant contact)
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or preparation (charging/discharging) from/to vessels/large containers at dedicated facilities
PROC 14: Production of preparations or articles by tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
PROC 27b: Production of metal powders (wet processes)
Comments to Users:
This sheet is in compliance with the article 31 of the REACH regulati on n° 1907-2006.
This sheet supplements but does not replace instruction manuals. The information contained herein is given to the best of our knowledge concerning the substance indicated on the date on which it was updated. Information is provided in good faith.
Attention of users is also drawn to possible risks which may arise if the substance is applied for purposes other than those for which it has been designed.
This safety data sheet does not in any way exempt the user from knowing and complying with all regulatory texts applying to his or her activity. The user takes full responsibility for knowing and taking the precautions related to the use of the substance. References to regulatory provisions are given to assist the user in fulfilling the obligations incumbent on persons using a substance or a dangerous mixture.
All local and international measures and provisions which could apply should be referred to.
Attention of users is drawn to the possible existence of other provisions supplementing these rules.
This list is not to be taken as comprehensive. It does not exempt the user from ensuring that obligations under texts other than those to which reference is made do not apply to the detention and use of the substance, for which the user alone is responsible.
4 This link may be changed by ECHA in the future
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