Appendix
I. Questionnaire
II. Maps
51
Questionnaire
The following questionnaire was prepared by the members of the Teleki
László Foundation. The release would not have been possible without the
help of the Transylvanian Research Workshop in Carei, and especially
without the help of Sorban Angella. We are grateful for your help.
Nr.
Description of the variable
01
Code of the settlement
The proportion of the Hungarian population in
the settlement
(according to the 1992 census data)
–
02
State division
03
Historical regions of (present) Transylvania
CODE
1. 90-100 %
2. 70-90 %
3. 60-70 %
4. 50-60 %
5. 40-50 %
6. 30-40 %
7. 20-30%
8. 10-20%
9. below 10%
HR. Harghita
CV. Covasna
MS. Mures
CJ. Cluj
BN. Bistrita-Nasaud
SJ.. Salaj
SM. Satu Mare
MM. Maramures
BH. Bihor
AR. Arad
TM . Timis
HD.. Hunedoara
AB. Aiud
BV. Brasov
SB. Sibiu
52
1. (narrow) Székely Land
2. Inner Transylvania
3. Partium and Maramures
4. South Transylvania and
Banat
04
Type of settlement
(according to the 1992 census data)
I/1
Are you interested in politics?
I/2
Are you interested in the problems of the
Hungarians living in Romania?
Are you satisfied with the results of the 2996
elections?
What impact will have the new political
situation on Romania’s economy?
I/3
I/4
I/5
– on Romania’s social conditions?
I/6
– on Romania’s cultural conditions?
I/7
– on Romania’s international place?
I/8
– on the minority situation?
(choose from the card)
I/9
I/10
I/11
The DAHR made a good decision when he
joined the coalition
The DAHR should not have entered the
coalition, but should have remained
collaborating opposition party
The DAHR should not have entered the
coalition, but should have continued the goslow policy
53
1. village
2. commune
3. town below 30.000
inhabitants
4. town between 30.001 and
50.000 inhabitants
5. town between 50.001and
100.000 inhabitants
6.town with more than 100.001
inhabitants
1. not at all
2. rather not
3. so-so
4. rather yes
5. very much
9. doesn’t know
0. doesn’t answer
See the above codes, I/1.
See the above codes, I/1.
1. damage to a great extent
2. rather damage
3. no impact
4. rather improve
5. improve to a great extent
9. doesn’t know
0. doesn’t answer
1. choose
2. didn’t choose
9. doesn’t know
0.doesn’t answer
I/12
I/13
I/14
For the Hungarians in Romanian the high
politics is irrelevant, they are interested in the
local economic and cultural construction
The DAHR should not have entered the
coalition, because being in government will
corrupt it and it will decrease its reputation
Which economic situation is best?
1. before 1989
2. the present one
3. the market economy
4. other
9. doesn’t know
0. doesn’t answer
II/1
Did you follow the happenings of the
Hungarian-Romanian basic contract?
1. didn’t follow at all
2. didn’t follow
3. followed to some extent
4. followed it quite often
5. followed it very often
9. doesn’t know
0. doesn’t answer
II/2
Are you familiar with the text of the
Hungarian-Romanian basic contract?
1.doesn’t know anything
2. knows by hearing
3. knows from the radio/TV
4. read a few articles about the
text
5. is familiar with the text
6. knows the text
9. doesn’t know
0. doesn’t answer
II/3
If you were a parliamentary representative
would you vote for the contract?
II/4
Which phrase do you consider very
important, relevant of the contract?
54
1. yes
2. no
9. doesn’t know
0. doesn’t answer
x =NA(not applicable)
90. specified a phrase
99. didn’t specify a phrase
xx. NA (not applicable)
II/4abcd
Which of the following you consider
important?
01. good neighborly relations
02. economic co-operation
03. cultural co-operation
04. learning in mother
language
05. permeability of the
common borders
06. two-language-labeling
and enabling the place-name
plaques
07. the 1201 recommendation
8. general minority laws
09. military co-operation
10. international guaranties
for respecting the minority
rights
11. the two country
supporting each the in the
European integration
II/4abcd
(continuing the other question)
77. what would be important
is not written in the text
88. everything is important
in the text (it is a frame for
legal remedies for the
Hungarians from
Transylvania)
00. data missing
xx= NA (not applicable)
To what extent do you accept the following … 1. totally disagree
2. rather disagree
3. impartial
4. rather agree
5. totally agree
9. doesn’t know
0. doesn’t answer
x=NA (not applicable)
II/5
II/6
II/7
II/8
"The signing of the contract is a historic
reconciliation between the Hungarian and
Romanian people "
"The contract is the product of the rational
agreement of the Hungarian and Romanian
government "
"when concluding the contract they forgot the
interests of the Hungarians from
Transylvania"
"The contract was a thoughtless step of the
Hungarian government "
55
II/9
II/10
II/11
II/12
II/13
II/14
II/15
II/16
II/17
II/18
II/19
II/20
"The contract is clearly the success of the
Romanian government"
" The contract is clearly the success of the
Hungarian government "
"The contract means nothing in the lives
of the two nations, it is only a formality
"the signing parties contribute to a great
extent to the accomplishing of the security of
Eastern Europe"
There is need for the contract because we
need a basis to be able to call upon the
Romanian government for violating minority
rights
The contract offers appropriate basis for the
Hungarian church to claim its properties
In the contract it is stated once more that the
two parties have no territorial claims
The contract settles the mutual recognition of
the university diplomas
According to the contract the Hungarian
minority has right to establish and support
own educational, cultural and religious
institutions
According to the contract in those
settlements where the proportion of
Hungarians is large there can be placed twolanguage-labels for the streets
The international documents stated in the
contract constrain the accomplishing of the
territorial autonomy
What is your opinion about the Hungarian
government’s support for the Romanian
Hungarian minority?
56
1. true
2. false
9. doesn’t know
0. doesn’t answer
x=NA (not applicable)
1. nothing
2. little
3. average
4. good
5. very good
9. doesn’t know
0. doesn’t answer
II/21
Who can you depend on for obtaining the
rights of Hungarians living in Romania?
II/22
Are there Romanian parties who support the
efforts of the Hungarians from Romanian?
II/22.1a
bcd
Mentioned Romanian political parties…
II/22.2
Can you name political personalities who
support it?
90. yes
98 no
99. doesn’t know,
II/22.2
Mentioned persons…
21-50. codes
00. data missing
abcd
II/22.1
Are you a member of a political party? Which
one?
1. no one besides
himself/herself
2. Romanian government
3. local governments
4. Hungarian government
5. international organizations
6. individual forces and
international organizations
7. Romanian and Hungarian
government
8. local governments and
international organizations
9. doesn’t know
0. doesn’t answer
90. yes
98 no
99. doesn’t know
11. Democratic Convention
12. National ChristianDemocratic Peasant’s party
(PNTCD)
13. Democrat party (USD)
14 liberal party -1993 (PL-93)
15. Civil Union (P. A.C)
16. Pro Europa Liga
17. Pro Democratia
18. Társadalmi Dialógus
Csoport ( GDS)
19. German Democratic Forum
00. data missing
01. DAHR
02. MADISZ, MISSZ, TEMISZ,
TMDSZ,
03. Transylvanian Hungarian
Christian-Democratic Party
04. German Democratic Forum.
98. not member
II/22.2
Are you a member of an NGO?
57
11-31. code
98. not member
III/1
Do you consider yourself as someone who
has religious beliefs?
III/2
Do you consider yourself as someone who
shows respect for traditions?
Do you consider yourself as someone for
whom freedom is very important?
Do you consider yourself as someone who is
patriotic?
Do you consider yourself as someone who
has progressive spirit?
Do you consider yourself as someone who is
indifferent to politics?
Do you consider yourself as someone who is
interested in public life?
Do you consider yourself as someone who
like Romanians?
Do you consider yourself as someone who s
conservative?
Do you consider yourself as someone who is
liberal?
Do you consider yourself as someone who
doesn’t like Gypsies?
Do you consider yourself as someone who
like law and order?
III/3
III/4
III/5
III/6
III/7
III/8
III/9
III/10
III/11
III/12
(choose from the card)
(continuing the other question)
58
1. rather yes
2. rather not
9. doesn’t know
0. doesn’t answer
01. extreme nationalist
02. gypsies
03. communists
04. homosexuals
05. drug-addicts
06. prostitutes
07. Romanians
8. Germans
09. Nouveau rich
10. mafia
11. corrupt officials
12. ex “szekus”
14 other
77. each causes trouble
88. neither of them causes
trouble
99. doesn’t know
00. doesn’t answer
III/13
III/14
III./15.
–1
–2
–3
–4
–5
–6
–7
–8
–9
– 10
– 11
– 12
– 13
– 14
– 15
– 16
– 17
– 18
– 19
– 20
III/16.
Which ethnic or social group causes more
trouble in Romania today?
(choose from the cards)
Which ethnic or social group causes the least
trouble in Romania today?
(choose from the cards)
Are the following typical characteristics of the
Hungarians or not…?
ambitious?
honest?
dirty?
intelligent?
skillful?
unite?
hard-working?
ambitious?
moderate?
materialistic?
educated?
greedy?
trustworthy?
accurate?
purposeful?
cunning?
revenging?
sharp?
conscientious?
lazy?
Are the following typical characteristics of the
Romanians or not…?
59
1. rather yes
2. rather not
9. doesn’t know
0. doesn’t answer
x. can’t interpret the question
Same codes as above.
–1
–2
–3
–4
–5
–6
–7
–8
–9
– 10
– 11
– 12
– 13
– 14
– 15
– 16
– 17
– 18
– 19
– 20
–1
–2
–3
–4
–5
–6
–7
–8
–9
– 10
– 11
– 12
– 13
– 14
– 15
– 16
– 17
– 18
– 19
– 20
ambitious?
honest?
dirty?
intelligent?
skillful?
unite?
hard-working?
ambitious?
moderate?
materialistic?
educated?
greedy?
trustworthy?
accurate?
purposeful?
cunning?
revenging?
sharp?
conscientious?
lazy?
Are the following typical characteristics of the
Rroma or not…?
ambitious?
honest?
dirty?
intelligent?
skillful?
unite?
hard-working?
ambitious?
moderate?
materialistic?
educated?
greedy?
trustworthy?
accurate?
purposeful?
cunning?
revenging?
sharp?
conscientious?
lazy?
60
Same codes as above.
IV/1
What daily newspaper do you read for daily
information?
IV/2
Which radio do you listen to for news?
1.Romanian Radio (Bucharest)
2. Hungarian Radio (Kossuth,
Petofi)
3. Hungarian broadcasts of
Romanian radios
4. foreign stations (BBC)
9. doesn’t listen to the radio
0. doesn’t answer
IV/3
Which TV station you watch most frequently?
1. Romanian TV (RTV)
2. Hungarian TV (MTV1, MTV2)
3. Duna TV
4. satellite Romanian TV (Pro
TV, Antenna 1)
5. other satellite TV
6. local cable
9. doesn’t watch TV
0. doesn’t answer
IV/4
How often you interact with Romanians?
IV/5
How well you know the Romanian language?
1. mother tongue
2. rather good
3. middle
4. rather poor
5. doesn’t speak
0. doesn’t answer
IV/6
How often you use the Romanian language?
1. regularly
2. often
3. sometimes
4. rarely
5. never
0. doesn’t answer
V/1
Gender
1. local Hungarian
2. local Romanian
3. Romániai Magyar Szó
4. Erdélyi Napló
5. national Romanian
6. other:( magazines, weekly
papers, periodicals)
7. doesn’t read newspaper
0. doesn’t answer
1. many times a day
2. daily
3. weekly
4. monthly
5. rarely
0. doesn’t answer
1. male
2. female
61
V/3
Age (according to the year of birth)
Where did you parents live when you were
born?
V/4
What was your religion after birth?
V/4
(continuing the above question)
V/5
Which of the following is true for you?
V/6
Where did you go to elementary school?
V/2
62
1905- 1980
11. here
12. other village in this county
13. other town in this county
22. other village in a
neighboring county
23. other town in a neighboring
county
32. other village in a
Transylvanian county
33. other town in a
Transylvanian county
42. village not in a
Transylvanian county
43. town not in a Transylvanian
county
50. other country (Yugoslavia,
Hungary)
1. Roman catholic
2. Calvinist
3. Evangelic
4. Israelite
5. Greek Catholic
6. other small church (Baptist,
Adventist)
7. wasn’t baptized
8. Unitarian
0. doesn’t answer
1. "I am religious, I follow the
Church’s instructions "
2. "I am religious according to
my own"
3. "I cannot say whether I am
religious or not "
4. "not religious"
5. "definitely not religious, I
have other beliefs"
6. other:( "follow Christ", "follow
the Bible")
9. cannot answer
0. doesn’t answer
See the codes of question
V/3.!
V/6b
In what language have you studied at
elementary school?
1. Hungarian
2. Romanian
3. Romanian and Hungarian
(different classes)
4. other language (German,
Serbian)
V/7
Where did you go to high school?
See the codes of question
V/3.!
x. NA=Not applicable
V/7b
In what language have you studied at high
school?
See the codes of question
V/6/b.!
x. NA=Not applicable
V/8
Where did you go to university?
01. Cluj Napoca
02. Oradea
03. Targu Mures
04. Brasov
05.Timisoara
06. Baia Mare
07. Petrosani
(continuing the question above)
08. Bucharest
09. Iasi.
10. Hungary
11. Alba Iulia
12. Arad
14. Sibiu
xx. NA= not applicable
V/8b
In what language have you studied at
university?
V/9
Father’s education
V/9b
In what language did your father finish his
studies?
Mother’s education
See the codes of question
V/6.b!
In what language did your mother finish her
studies?
See the codes of question
V/9.!
V/10
V/10b
See the codes of question
V/6.b!
0. data missing
x. NA=not applicable
1. didn’t go to school
2. 1-4 classes
3. 5-8 classes
4. technical institute
5. high school
6. college
7. university
9. doesn’t know
0. doesn’t answer
63
See the codes of question
V/9.!
V/11
Marital status
V/12
What is/was your partner’s nationality
Pót
V/17
occupation
(according to the National Science
Foundation classification)
V/13
Spouse’s occupation
V/14
Education of your spouse
See the codes of question
V/9.!
V/14b
In what language did your spouse finish
his/her studies?
How many children you have?
See the codes of question
V/9.!
V/15
1. married
2. divorced
3. widow
4. partner
5. single
0. doesn’t answer
64
1. Hungarian
2. Romanian
3. mixed marriage
4.other: German, Serbian,
Gypsy, Bulgarian
0. doesn’t answer
x.= NA (non applicable)
01. upper level leader
02. middle level leader
03. bottom level leader
04. intellectual
05. secondary education
intellectual
06. collage education
intellectual
07.entrepreneur
08. worker
10. commercial employee
11. services employee
13. farmer
15. migrant worker in Hungary
16. other
21. pensioner
22. housewife
23. student
24. unemployed
See the codes of the
question above!
number
V/16
Monthly income
(net)
1. below 100.000 lei
2. between 101.000-200.000 lei
3. between 201.000-300.000 lei
4. between 301.000-400.000 lei
5. between 401.000-500.000 lei
6. between 501.000-600.000 lei
7. between 601.000-700.000 lei
8. between 701.000-900.000 lei
9. more than 901.000
65